scholarly journals Control of Butterfly Bush with Postemergence Herbicides

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Altland ◽  
Julie Ream
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
The United States ◽  
Buddleja Davidii ◽  
Rapid Control ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Cut Stump ◽  
Butterfly Bush ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Levels Of Control

Abstract Butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii) is classified as invasive in several parts of the United States. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of four herbicides and two application methods on postemergence butterfly bush control. The four herbicides included: Roundup (glyphosate), Aquamaster (glyphosate), Garlon (triclopyr), and Arsenal (imazapyr). Application methods included spraying foliage with a CO2 backpack sprayer, and applying herbicide concentrate to recently cut stems (cut-stump method). Plants were treated in September with the maximum labeled rate for each herbicide. Cut-stump rates were determined such that the same amount of active ingredient was applied as in the spray treatments. Applications were made to plants several months after planting to simulate control of small recently germinated plants, and again to plants over 1 year old to simulate control of larger and more established plants. Summarizing results over both plant sizes and from two repetitions of the experiment, Roundup and Aquamaster provided higher levels of control compared to Garlon and Arsenal early in the experiment. Cut-stump applications provided more rapid control than spray applications. Despite differences in control when evaluated several weeks after application, all treated plants were dead when evaluated the following spring.

scholarly journals Fungicide Sensitivity of Pythium spp. Associated with Cavity Spot of Carrot in California and Michigan

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hong Lu ◽  
R. Michael Davis ◽  
S. Livingston ◽  
J. Nunez ◽  
Jianjun J. Hao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
First Report ◽  
Cavity Spot ◽  
Pythium Violae

The identity of 172 isolates of Pythium spp. from cavity spot lesions on carrot produced in California and Michigan was determined, and their sensitivity to three fungicides was examined. Pythium violae accounted for 85% of California isolates, with P. irregulare, P. dissotocum (the first report as a carrot pathogen in the United States), P. ultimum, and P. sulcatum making the balance. P. sulcatum, P. sylvaticum, and P. intermedium were the most commonly recovered (85%) species in Michigan; others from Michigan included P. intermedium, P. irregulare, and an unclassified strain, M2-05. On fungicide-amended media, 93% of isolates were sensitive to mefenoxam (inhibition of mycelial growth was >60% at 10 μg active ingredient [a.i.]/ml); however, two of five isolates of P. irregulare from California were highly resistant (≤60% inhibition at 100 μg a.i./ml); about half of the isolates of P. intermedium and P. sylvaticum and a single isolate of P. violae were highly or intermediately resistant to mefenoxam (>60% inhibition at 100 μg a.i./ml, or ≤60% inhibition at 10 μg a.i./ml). P. dissotocum, P. irregulare, P. sulcatum, M2-05, and three of seven isolates of P. intermedium were insensitive to fluopicolide (effective concentrations for 50% growth inhibition [EC50] were >50 μg a.i./ml), while P. sylvaticum, P. ultimum, P. violae, and some isolates in P. intermedium were sensitive (EC50 < 1 μg a.i./ml). All isolates were sensitive to zoxamide (EC50 < 1 μg a.i./ml). Sensitivity baselines of P. violae to zoxamide and fluopicolide were established.

Tolerance of Leafy Greens to Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicides

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 724-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
John P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leafy Greens ◽  
Hairy Nightshade ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Turnip Greens ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field experiments were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to determine the tolerance of direct-seeded leafy turnip greens, mustard greens, kale, and collard to selected preemergence and postemergence herbicides and to determine the efficacy of these herbicides against weeds that are common to the southeastern coastal plains of the United States. Pendimethalin applied preemergence controlled large crabgrass, goosegrass, carpetweed, and common purslane, but it injured turnip greens, mustard greens, kale, and collard. Dimethenamid at 0.31 and 0.63 kg ai/ha controlled large crabgrass and goosegrass but did not control hairy nightshade or common purslane at the lower rate. In 2003, dimethenamid at 0.63 kg/ha injured mustard greens, kale, and collard more than 40%. S-metolachlor applied preemergence at 0.45 kg ai/ha controlled large crabgrass, goosegrass, hairy nightshade, and common purslane while causing little or no injury to turnip greens, mustard greens, kale, and collard. Clopyralid at 0.10 kg ai/ha controlled common lambsquarters 76 to 95% and hairy nightshade 93% but did not control carpetweed, common purslane, large crabgrass, and goosegrass. Turnip greens, mustard greens, kale, and collard generally were tolerant of clopyralid, but mustard was injured 29% in 2003. Phenmedipham alone or in combination with desmedipham injured mustard greens 54 to 82% in 2003 and failed to control weeds. Of the herbicides evaluated, S-metolachlor provides the best potential to improve weed control in direct-seeded leafy greens in the southeastern United States.

Performance of Postemergence Herbicides Applied at Different Carrier Volume Rates

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody F. Creech ◽  
Ryan S. Henry ◽  
Rafael Werle ◽  
Lowell D. Sandell ◽  
Andrew J. Hewitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
The United States ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Size Spectra ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Carrier Volume ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Weed Resistance

POST weed control in soybean in the United States is difficult because weed resistance to herbicides has become more prominent. Herbicide applicators have grown accustomed to low carrier volume rates that are typical with glyphosate applications. These low carrier volumes are efficient for glyphosate applications and allow applicators to treat a large number of hectares in a timely manner. Alternative modes of action can require greater carrier volumes to effectively control weeds. Glyphosate, glufosinate, lactofen, fluazifop-P, and 2,4-D were evaluated in field and greenhouse studies using 47, 70, 94, 140, 187, and 281 L ha−1carrier volumes. Spray droplet size spectra for each herbicide and carrier volume combination were also measured and used to determine their impact on herbicide efficacy. Glyphosate efficacy was maximized using 70 to 94 L ha−1carrier volumes using droplets classified as medium. Glufosinate efficacy was maximized at 140 L ha−1and decreased as droplet diameter decreased. For 2,4-D applications, efficacy increased when using carrier volumes equal to or greater than 94 L ha−1. Lactofen was most responsive to changes in carrier volume and performed best when applied in carrier volumes of at least 187 L ha−1. Carrier volume had little impact on fluazifop-P efficacy in this study and efficacy decreased when used on taller plants. Based on these data, applicators should use greater carrier volumes when using contact herbicides in order to maximize herbicide efficacy.

Biennial Wormwood (Artemisia biennis) Postemergence Control in Soybean

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley E. Fronning ◽  
George Kegode
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Seedling Size ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Biennial wormwood has become an important weed for soybean producers in the northern Great Plains states of the United States. Research was conducted at Fargo, Leonard, and Wyndmere, ND, in 2000 and 2001 to evaluate postemergence control of biennial wormwood in soybean. Biennial wormwood densities at Fargo, Leonard, and Wyndmere were 290, 290, and 130 plants/m2in 2000 and 22, 670, and 88 plants/m2in 2001, respectively. Across years, biennial wormwood control with postemergence herbicides 4 wk after treatment was 81 to 97% at Fargo, 5 to 89% at Leonard, and 2 to 95% at Wyndmere. Biennial wormwood control was greater at Fargo than at the other locations probably because of smaller seedling size at the time of treatment. Bentazon split applied at the rate of 560 g ai/ha followed by 560 g/ha approximately 12 d after the first treatment generally provided the least amount of injury to soybean, the greatest control of biennial wormwood, and the fewest escaped plants. Lactofen at 220 g ai/ha or split applied at 110 g/ha followed by 110 g/ha approximately 12 d after the first treatment provided 84% or greater biennial wormwood control at Fargo but less than 40% control at Leonard and Wyndmere. The 4.5:1 bentazon plus acifluorfen premix full-rate and split treatments provided slightly better control than the 2:1 bentazon plus acifluorfen premix full-rate and split treatments. High levels of biennial wormwood control can be achieved with a better understanding of seedling emergence patterns and by targeting postemergence herbicide applications to seedlings less than 5 cm tall.

Response of Energycane to Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicides

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Odero ◽  
Jose V. Fernandez ◽  
Hardev S. Sandhu ◽  
Maninder P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bioenergy Crop ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Aboveground And Belowground Biomass ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Energycane has been proposed as a potential, perennial bioenergy crop for lignocellulosic-derived fuel production in the United States. Herbicides currently used in sugarcane and other crops can potentially be used in energycane if there is acceptable tolerance. Also, to limit future invasion of energycane escapes, herbicides used for perennial grass control could potentially be used for management of escapes. In container studies conducted outside, aboveground and belowground biomass of energycane was measured to evaluate energycane tolerance to 9 PRE and 19 POST herbicides used in sugarcane and other crops. PRE application of atrazine, diuron, mesotrione, metribuzin, pendimethalin, andS-metolachlor at rates labeled for sugarcane did not significantly injure (< 3%) or reduce energycane biomass compared with the nontreated plants 28 and 56 d after treatment (DAT). Injury from clomazone (54%), flumioxazin (7%), and hexazinone (29%) was observed 28 DAT. Injury from flumioxazin was transient and was not observed at 56 DAT. At 56 DAT, energycane injury increased to 71 and 98%, respectively, for clomazone and hexazinone. Hexazinone and clomazone applied PRE significantly reduced biomass compared with the nontreated plants. At 28 DAT, POST application of 2,4-D amine, ametryn, asulam, atrazine, carfentrazone, dicamba, halosulfuron, mesotrione, metribuzin, and trifloxysulfuron at labeled rates for sugarcane did not injure or significantly reduce energycane biomass compared with the nontreated plants. Injury was observed when clethodim (99%), clomazone (51%), diuron (51%), flumioxazin (21%), glufosinate (84%), glyphosate (100%), hexazinone (100%), paraquat (66%), and sethoxydim (100%) were applied POST, and each of these treatments reduced energycane biomass compared with the nontreated plants. These results show that several PRE and POST herbicides used for weed management in sugarcane may potentially be used in energycane for weed control. Also, based on our results, clethodim, glyphosate, and sethoxydim would be effective for management of energycane escapes.

Methods for Strawberry Transplant Establishment in Florida

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Torres-Quezada ◽  
Lincoln Zotarelli ◽  
Vance M. Whitaker ◽  
Shinsuke Agehara
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Irrigation Application ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Bare Root

Florida is the second largest strawberry producer in the United States, with an annual farm gate value of about $300 million. Planting occurs from late September through late October, and high air temperatures pose significant challenges for transplant establishment and thus yield and fruit quality. The primary purpose of this new 4-page publication of the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department is to provide research-based recommendations on transplant establishment methods for strawberry growers in Florida. The techniques presented are overhead irrigation application methods and practices, strawberry plugs and bare-root transplants, crop protectants, and reflective mulching. Written by Emmanuel Torres-Quezada, Lincoln Zotarelli, Vance M. Whitaker, and Shinsuke Agehara.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1376

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

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