Methods for Strawberry Transplant Establishment in Florida

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Torres-Quezada ◽  
Lincoln Zotarelli ◽  
Vance M. Whitaker ◽  
Shinsuke Agehara
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Irrigation Application ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Bare Root

Florida is the second largest strawberry producer in the United States, with an annual farm gate value of about $300 million. Planting occurs from late September through late October, and high air temperatures pose significant challenges for transplant establishment and thus yield and fruit quality. The primary purpose of this new 4-page publication of the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department is to provide research-based recommendations on transplant establishment methods for strawberry growers in Florida. The techniques presented are overhead irrigation application methods and practices, strawberry plugs and bare-root transplants, crop protectants, and reflective mulching. Written by Emmanuel Torres-Quezada, Lincoln Zotarelli, Vance M. Whitaker, and Shinsuke Agehara.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1376

scholarly journals Control of Butterfly Bush with Postemergence Herbicides

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Altland ◽  
Julie Ream
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
The United States ◽  
Buddleja Davidii ◽  
Rapid Control ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Cut Stump ◽  
Butterfly Bush ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Levels Of Control

Abstract Butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii) is classified as invasive in several parts of the United States. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of four herbicides and two application methods on postemergence butterfly bush control. The four herbicides included: Roundup (glyphosate), Aquamaster (glyphosate), Garlon (triclopyr), and Arsenal (imazapyr). Application methods included spraying foliage with a CO2 backpack sprayer, and applying herbicide concentrate to recently cut stems (cut-stump method). Plants were treated in September with the maximum labeled rate for each herbicide. Cut-stump rates were determined such that the same amount of active ingredient was applied as in the spray treatments. Applications were made to plants several months after planting to simulate control of small recently germinated plants, and again to plants over 1 year old to simulate control of larger and more established plants. Summarizing results over both plant sizes and from two repetitions of the experiment, Roundup and Aquamaster provided higher levels of control compared to Garlon and Arsenal early in the experiment. Cut-stump applications provided more rapid control than spray applications. Despite differences in control when evaluated several weeks after application, all treated plants were dead when evaluated the following spring.

scholarly journals The Distribution and Prediction of Summer Near-Surface Water Temperatures in Lakes of the Coterminous United States and Southern Canada

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger W. Bachmann ◽  
Sapna Sharma ◽  
Daniel E. Canfield ◽  
Vincent Lecours
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Multiple Regressions ◽  
Air Temperatures

The goals of the study were: (i) To describe the distribution of summer near-surface water temperatures in lakes of the coterminous United States and southern Canada (ii) to determine the geographic, meteorological and limnological factors related to summer water temperatures and (iii) to develop and test predictive models for summer near-surface water temperatures. We used data from the United States National Lakes Assessments of 2007 and 2012 as well as data collected from several different studies of Canadian lakes. Using multiple regressions, we quantified the general observations that summer water temperatures decreased when going from south to north, from east to west, and from lower elevations to higher elevations. Our empirical model using 8-day average air temperatures, latitude, longitude, elevations and month was able to predict water temperatures in individual lakes on individual summer days with a standard deviation of 1.7 °C for United States lakes and 2.3 °C for lakes in the southern regions of Canada.

scholarly journals Temperature Effects on Flower Induction of Two Phalaenopsis Orchid Hybrids

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 882D-882
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Blanchard* ◽  
Erik Runkle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Regimen ◽  
Constant Versus ◽  
The U.S

The commercial production of potted flowering orchids has increased tremendously in the past decade, and is now the second most valuable potted flowering crop in the United States. Phalaenopsis spp. comprise a large percentage (75% to 85%) of the potted orchid sales in the U.S. due to their long flower life and ease of scheduling to meet specific market dates. Constant air temperatures above ≈26 °C inhibit flowering of most Phalaenopsis hybrids, and a 25/20 °C day/night temperature regimen is used commercially to induce flowering. However, the relative promotion of flowering by constant versus fluctuating day/night cool temperatures (<25 °C) has not been well described. Phalaenopsis Miva Smartissimo × Canberra `450' and Brother Goldsmith `720' were grown at constant temperatures of 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, and 29 °C, and day/night temperatures of 20/14, 23/17, 26/14, 26/20, 29/23, and 29/17 °C;. Plants were grown in glass greenhouses with a constant photoperiod of 12 h, and shading was provided so that the maximum instantaneous irradiance was ≤150 μmol·m-2·s-1. After 6 weeks at the various temperature setpoints, ≥80% of plants of both cultivars had VI when grown at a constant 17, 20, or 23 °C, and at the 23/17 °C day/night regimen. None of the plants were reproductive within 6 weeks when grown at a constant 26 or 29 °C, or at the 26/14, 26/20, 29/17, or 29/23 °C day/night temperature setpoints. Therefore, temperature during the day and night both influence flowering of these two Phalaenopsis orchid hybrids.

scholarly journals Rind Thickness of Watermelon Cultivars for Use in Pickle Production

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Gusmini ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽  
Todd C. Wehner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
North America ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Flesh Color ◽  
Fruit Type ◽  
Watermelon Rind ◽  
Small Industries

Salted and sweet watermelon rind pickles are commonly produced in North America, Europe, and Asia using traditional recipes. Homeowners and small industries use the leftover watermelon crop, especially from cultivars having thick and crisp rind, to produce pickles. Recently, we classified rind thickness for a set of obsolete and heirloom cultivars used by home gardeners and heirloom collectors in the United States. In this study, we used elite cultivars for growers interested in high yield, fruit quality, adaptability, and disease resistance. The objective of this study was to classify modern cultivars (nine inbreds and 103 F1 hybrids) of watermelons available to growers for use in production of watermelon rind pickles. Based on the data, cultivars were divided into three groups of rind thickness and categorized according to pedigree (inbred or F1 hybrid), fruit type (seeded or seedless), and flesh color (red, orange, or yellow). Most of the cultivars tested (109 of 112) had rind thicker than 10 mm and could be used for pickle production.

scholarly journals Early Performance of Jujube Fresh Eating Cultivars in the Southwestern United States

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1941-1946
Author(s):  
Shengrui Yao ◽  
Robert Heyduck ◽  
Steven Guldan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Early Performance ◽  
Performance Results

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), also called chinese date, cultivars have not been formally trialed in the United States after the 1950s. Currently, there are five to six commercially available jujube cultivars, with ‘Li’ as the dominant one. Both growers and consumers demand a wider range of cultivars to extend the maturation season and for different uses. We tested jujube cultivars at three locations in New Mexico [U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) hardiness zones 6a, 7a, and 8a] to assess their adaption and performance. These are early performance results for fresh eating cultivars. Jujubes were precocious; 50% to 95% of trees produced during their planting year, depending on cultivar and location. The average yield per tree for trees in their second to fourth year after planting were 409 g, 4795 g, and 5318 g at Alcalde; and 456 g, 3098 g, and 5926 g at Los Lunas, respectively. The yields varied by cultivar and location. ‘Kongfucui’ (‘KFC’) was the most productive cultivar at Alcalde and Los Lunas in both 2017 and 2018, followed by ‘Daguazao’, ‘Gaga’, ‘Honeyjar’, Maya’, ‘Redland’, and ‘Sugarcane’. ‘GA866’, ‘Alcalde #1’, ‘Zaocuiwang’, and ‘Sandia’ had the lowest yields among the 15 cultivars tested. ‘Alcalde #1’ was the earliest to mature with large fruit, suitable for marginal regions with short growing seasons, whereas ‘Sandia’ had the best fruit quality among all cultivars tested, suitable for commercial growers and home gardeners. ‘Maya’, ‘Gaga’, ‘Honeyjar’, and ‘Russian 2’ were very productive, early-midseason cultivars with small fruit but excellent fruit quality—a perfect fit for the home gardener market. ‘Li’, ‘Daguazao’, ‘Redland’, and ‘Shanxi Li’ were productive with large fruit. Cultivars grew faster and produced higher yields, larger fruit, and higher soluble solids at more southerly locations. This article discusses cultivars’ early performance up to the fourth year after planting. This is the first jujube cultivar trial report in the United States since the 1950s.

scholarly journals Impacts of rising air temperatures and emissions mitigation on electricity demand and supply in the United States: a multi-model comparison

2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McFarland ◽  
Yuyu Zhou ◽  
Leon Clarke ◽  
Patrick Sullivan ◽  
Jesse Colman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
The United States ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Emissions Mitigation

Effectiveness of Hot-Water Immersion Against Brevipalpus yothersi (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) as a Postharvest Treatment for Lemons

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M Revynthi ◽  
Jorge E Peña ◽  
Jessica M Moreno ◽  
Andrea L Beam ◽  
Catharine Mannion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Postharvest Treatment ◽  
Citrus Leprosis ◽  
Hot Water Immersion

AbstractCitrus leprosis is a destructive disease of citrus caused by several viruses (CiLVs) that are quarantine pests in the United States. Brevipalpus yothersi Baker (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) vectors the most virulent strain of CiLV. This mite is present in the United States and could facilitate the spread of the disease if CiLV reaches the country. Postharvest treatments could mitigate B. yothersi on imported commodities from areas where CiLV exists. The current study explores the effectiveness of hot-water immersion as a postharvest treatment against B. yothersi. Lemons were immersed in water at 21, 48, 53, or 63°C for 5, 10, and 15 min. Immersions at 53 and 63°C for all time schedules dislodged over 99% of adult mites. Lemon fruit quality and B. yothersi egg viability after hot-water immersion were also evaluated. Fruit quality significantly decreased in lemons treated at 63°C resulting in decay (grade 3, rejection), while at 53°C there was a quality reduction (grade 2, minimum acceptable market level) compared to lemons immersed at 21°C or nontreated controls (grade 1). None of the eggs hatched when the lemons were immersed in water at 63°C and an average of 1.5% hatched at 53°C for all time schedules. Immersion in water at 53°C for 5 min dislodged 99.71% and 57.14% of adult and immature mites, respectively, and resulted in 98.11% unhatched eggs without significant fruit quality reduction. Hot-water immersion could be a key component in a systems approach to control B. yothersi on imported citrus fruits from countries where citrus leprosis is present.

scholarly journals IMPORTING PLANT GERMPLASM INTO THE UNITED STATES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 609b-609
Author(s):  
Mary E. Dale
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Plant Germplasm ◽  
Other Information ◽  
The Media ◽  
Bare Root

International plant germplasm resources are an invaluable source of information, and bringing viable plant materials into the United States is a necessity for many researchers. Quarantine regulations vary based on the plant pests and pathogens occurring in the country of origin to prevent the introduction of injurious plant pests and diseases. These regulations also depend on the type of germplasm (such as live plant, cuttings, or seeds), size and age of specimen, and the media grown in. Plants in soil are prohibited, while those in agar, or bare root may be allowed to enter. Procedures to follow for bringing plant germplasm of international origin (including CITES species), forms and permits, ports of entry, delays to expect or avoid along with other information on successfully bringing plant germplasm resources into the United States will be discussed.

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