Detection of Norovirus, Rotavirus and Astrovirus Antigens in Hand Swabs and Stool Specimens of Employees in Dairy Processing Plants

This survey was conducted to identify specific environmental sources of Listeria and Yersinia in Vermont dairy plants, and to further determine whether the type of plant and specific conditions existing within plants influenced the incidence of positive microbiological results. A total of 361 environmental samples, focusing on floors and other nonproduct contact surfaces, was taken from all of Vermont's 34 dairy processing plants. The incidence of Listeria monocytogenes (1.4%) was low compared to the incidence of Listeria innocua (16.1%). While only 2.5% yielded other Yersinia species, 10.5 % of the sites were positive for Yersinia enterocolitica. Sites positive for either Listeria or Yersinia were statistically more likely to produce a positive result for both (P<.05). Fluid plants had the highest incidence of both Listeria and Yersinia when compared to cheese plants or other types of dairy manufacturing plants. Areas associated with case washers in fluid plants had the highest incidence of microbial contamination. An additional area of concern for all types of plants was sanitizing floor mats and foot baths from which positive microbiological results were obtained. Contamination in wet areas was significantly greater than in dry areas of the plants (P<.05). Identification of the sources and conditions associated with these problematic bacterial pathogens is an important step in learning to control their incidence in dairy processing environments.

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Potential Impacts of Routing Milk to Dairy Processing Plants on the Basis of Assembly Cost and Protein Content,

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(86)80624-5 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 69 (7) ◽

pp. 1972-1986 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M.E. Warner ◽

J.E. Pratt ◽

A.M. Novakovic

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Assembly Cost ◽

Dairy Processing ◽

Processing Plants

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Fly and Rodent Control in Dairy Processing Plants

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(54)91262-x ◽

1954 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 348-351

Author(s):

T.L. Hugé

Keyword(s):

Rodent Control ◽

Dairy Processing ◽

Processing Plants

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Biological Aerosols: A Review of Airborne Contamination and its Measurement in Dairy Processing Plants

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-52.7.512 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 52 (7) ◽

pp. 512-524 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

YOUNG-JAE KANG ◽

JOSEPH F. FRANK

Keyword(s):

Control Point ◽

Additional Stress ◽

Processing Plant ◽

Selective Media ◽

Critical Control Point ◽

Biological Aerosols ◽

Dairy Processing ◽

Airborne Contamination ◽

Processing Plants ◽

Dairy Plant

Processing plant air is a source of post-pasteurization contamination of dairy products. Little is known about the extent to which biological aerosols contaminate pasteurized products, however evidence indicates that air within a packaging area is a critical control point for both pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. Consequently, it is important to understand the characteristics of biological aerosols, learn how to control their occurrence, and discover practical and valid monitoring methods. Methods used for monitoring viable particles in air include the use of sedimentation plates, impingers, slit and sieve impactors, filters, and centrifugal samplers. Each of these methods has limitations on its usefulness for dairy plant air monitoring. Microorganisms are often injured due to the stresses of the aerosolized state and consequently may not grow on selective media. Sampling methods such as impingement and filtration which subject the organisms to additional stress may cause sufficient injury to prevent growth on non-selective media. However, gentler collection methods such as centrifugal samplers may not generate enough force to collect the smallest viable particles. Aerosols are generated within the dairy plant by worker activity, sink and floor drains, water spraying, and air conditioning systems. Environmental sanitation, air filtration, air flow control, and control over personnel cleanliness and activity are useful control measures. The adoption of “clean room” design principles for a packaging area will aid in controlling biological aerosols in new dairy processing plants.

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The pollution level of wastewater from dairy processing enterprises of the Tyumen Region

Samara Journal of Science ◽

10.17816/snv202091107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 49-54

Author(s):

Olga Viktorovna Kovaleva ◽

Natalya Vladislavovna Sannikova ◽

Olga Viktorovna Shulepova

Keyword(s):

Dairy Products ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Industrial Complex ◽

Minimal Risk ◽

Best Available Technologies ◽

Sources Of Pollution ◽

Dairy Processing ◽

Processing Plants ◽

Treatment Facilities

The agro-industrial complex has a huge potential for increasing the efficiency of the use of natural resources, which means it is a good platform for introducing the best available technologies. The main problem is the formation of wastewater. Since dairy enterprises use large enough volumes of water to process containers, equipment, for floor washing as well as use them to cool dairy products. Naturally, the main pollutants are organic compounds. Wastewater from dairy processing plants contains: suspended solids (solids from dairy processing), fats (their content varies depending on the variety of products produced by the enterprise), nitrogen (in the form of amino groups of protein compounds). The pH of the water itself also changes, the value of this indicator will also vary from the volume and range of products. As a result, it was revealed that in the production of 53982 tons of dairy products per year, 496929,2 tons of wastewater is formed, which is 9 times more than the volume of the companys production. In addition, most enterprises in the Tyumen Region do not have an opportunity to drain the resulting wastewater into the central sewage treatment plants for various reasons. This is either a tens of times excess of discharge standards, or the lack of sewage treatment facilities in the settlements where the enterprises are located. In this regard, enterprises of the agro-industrial complex are sources of pollution not only of the atmosphere, soil, but also of water bodies, so the wastewater of dairy plants should be treated and discharged with minimal risk of environmental pollution.

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Organizational forms and technical efficiency of the dairy processing industry in Southern Brazil

Agricultural and Food Economics ◽

10.1186/s40100-021-00195-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Caetano Luiz Beber ◽

Sebastian Lakner ◽

Ioannis Skevas

Keyword(s):

Technical Efficiency ◽

Economies Of Scale ◽

Profit Maximization ◽

Organizational Forms ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Bayesian Techniques ◽

Firm Structure ◽

Dairy Processing ◽

Management Capacity ◽

Processing Plants

AbstractThe objective of this article is to assess the determinants of the technical efficiency of dairy processing firms in Southern Brazil while accounting for their different organizational forms, namely cooperatives and investor-owned firms. The data from 243 milk processors in southern Brazil, including firm structure, management capacity, and organizational choice of dairies, were analyzed. A production frontier is specified to estimate technical efficiency and identify its potential driving sources. Bayesian techniques are used to estimate the model. An average efficiency of 77% indicates that the actual output is 23% below its potential, which implies that output could, on average, be increased by approximately 31.6%, under ceteris paribus conditions. Economies of scale were also detected. The analysis reveals that the management capacity within companies is the main determinant of efficiency. Idle capacities of processing plants are an important source of inefficiencies and cooperatives are more efficient than investor-owned firms, despite their transaction costs potentially being higher and the five vaguely defined property rights inherent to the traditional cooperatives which they must overcome. Knowledge about the cooperatives’ objectives other than profit maximization would provide a more realistic comparison against investor-owned firms. This study assessed the determinants of the efficiency levels of dairy processing companies in an emerging economy using a unique own dataset with data collected at a plant level. Based on the results, manifold managerial and political implications have been derived that can benefit the dairy industry of developing and emerging economies.

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Evaluation of Air Samplers for Recovery of Biological Aerosols in Dairy Processing Plants

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-52.9.655 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 52 (9) ◽

pp. 655-659 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

YOUNG-JAE KANG ◽

JOSEPH F. FRANK

Keyword(s):

Membrane Filter ◽

Ice Cream ◽

Processing Plant ◽

Milk Processing ◽

Air Sampler ◽

Biological Aerosols ◽

Dairy Processing ◽

Processing Plants ◽

Stage 1 ◽

Number Of Particles

An All Glass Impinger-30 (AGI-30), Andersen 6-stage Sieve Air Sampler (Andersen impactor), Reuter centrifugal air sampler (RCS sampler), and the Millipore open type membrane filter sampler (Filter sampler) were evaluated for viable particle recovery in three dairy processing plant environments. There were two size distribution peaks for viable particles, at stage 1 (>7.0 μm) and stage 3 (3.3–4.7 μm). About 10–12% of the particles were smaller than 2.1 μm in size and were mostly non-molds. During milk processing, the highest number of particles were >7.0 μm in size. But, during ice cream processing and in the idle ice cream room, the highest number of particles were 3.3–4.7 μm in size and were mostly molds. Mean viable particle recovery decreased in the order of AGI-30, Andersen impactor, RCS sampler, and Filter sampler for each of the three sampling environments. These results contrast to those obtained using laboratory-generated aerosols where both the AGI-30 and RCS sampler exhibited low recovery. The increased aerosol recovery by AGI-30 in processing plant compared to laboratory-generated aerosols indicates the presence of carrier and passenger type aerosol particles which disintegrate upon impingement. A comparison of the percent of non-mold cfu recovered by the RCS sampler vs. Andersen impactor indicates that the RCS sampler has a bias toward the detection of non-mold containing particles at all three of the locations tested. The Andersen impactor proved to be the most reliable sampler for recovering biological aerosols from dairy processing plant air.

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