Optimizing Land Use in Lumajang Regency

Land use in Lumajang Regency is dominated by agricultural land. However, over time there was a conversion of agricultural land into residential land as a result of an increase in population. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern and area of optimal land-use allocation increase economic value in Lumajang Regency. The method used in this study was linear programming with the simplex method. The maximum farming income obtained from optimizing land use is Rp710,306,800,000.00. The optimal land-use area for paddy fields is 42,686.71 ha, the protected forest is 12,652 ha, and residential land is 18,284 ha. The optimal proportion of land use is 58% rice fields, 17% protected forests, and 25% settlements. The optimal paddy field area has decreased by 6,003.26 ha from the land area in 2018 because there are paddy fields that do not match their characteristics. The largest area of rice field reduction in Candipuro District is 2,138.51 ha. Meanwhile, the direction for the allocation of residential land has increased settlement land from 2018 with an area of 1,114.1 ha. The development of residential land is allocated to land that has been planned for settlement in the Spatial Planning (RTRW), potential land that has a slope value of 0 - 25%, and areas with low population density. The largest additional area of residential land in Pronojiwo District is 300 ha.

Geophysical investigations of the Tabernacle (Yilki) Cemetery, Encounter Bay, South Australia

Geophysical investigations were undertaken using ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic induction (EMI) at the Congregational Tabernacle (Yilke) Cemetery, Encounter Bay. These yielded 25 probable and 16 possible grave locations, identified due to the presence of adjacent stratigraphic breaks in the soil profile on multiple GPR lines. Two larger areas of disturbance were identified in the GPR survey and an additional area by the EMI survey which may represent possible locations of the former Congregational Church, founded by Reverend Ridgeway Newland in 1846. While the results show no direct evidence of coffins and approximately half of the site was inaccessible to GPR survey, the results show that the currently accepted number of burials for this site (29) is probably too low.

An Ensemble-Variational Inversion System for the Estimation of Ammonia Emissions using CrIS Satellite Ammonia Retrievals

An ensemble-variational inversion system is developed for the estimation of ammonia emissions using ammonia retrievals from the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) for use in the Global Environmental Multiscale – Modelling Air quality and Chemistry (GEM-MACH) chemical weather model. A novel hybrid method to compare logarithmic retrieval parameters to model profiles is presented. Inversions for the monthly mean ammonia emissions over North America were performed for May to August 2016. Inversions using the hybrid comparison method increased ammonia emissions at most locations within the model domain, with total monthly mean emissions increasing by 11–41 %. The use of these revised emissions in GEM-MACH reduced biases with surface ammonia observations by as much as 25 %. The revised ammonia emissions also improved the forecasts of total (fine+coarse) ammonium and nitrate and ammonium wet deposition, with biases decreasing by as much as 13 %, but did not improve the forecasts of just the fine components of ammonium and nitrate. An additional area of 1.3 × 105 km2 of upland forests in Canada were estimated to exceed the ecosystem's critical load due to the changes in ammonia deposition from the inversion. A comparison of biases resulting from inversions using different comparison methods shows favourable results for the hybrid comparison method.

Halide perovskite memristors as flexible and reconfigurable physical unclonable functions

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) address the inherent limitations of conventional hardware security solutions in edge-computing devices. Despite impressive demonstrations with silicon circuits and crossbars of oxide memristors, realizing efficient roots of trust for resource-constrained hardware remains a significant challenge. Hybrid organic electronic materials with a rich reservoir of exotic switching physics offer an attractive, inexpensive alternative to design efficient cryptographic hardware, but have not been investigated till date. Here, we report a breakthrough security primitive exploiting the switching physics of one dimensional halide perovskite memristors as excellent sources of entropy for secure key generation and device authentication. Measurements of a prototypical 1 kb propyl pyridinium lead iodide (PrPyr[PbI3]) weak memristor PUF with a differential write-back strategy reveals near ideal uniformity, uniqueness and reliability without additional area and power overheads. Cycle-to-cycle write variability enables reconfigurability, while in-memory computing empowers a strong recurrent PUF construction to thwart machine learning attacks.

Configurable simultaneously single-threaded (multi-)engine processor

As the multi-core computing era continues to progress, the need to increase single- thread performance, throughput, and seemingly adapt to thread-level parallelism (TLP) remain important issues. Though the number of cores on each processor continues to increase, expected performance gains have lagged. Accordingly, com- puting systems often include Simultaneously Multi-Threaded (SMT) processors as a compromise between sequential and parallel performance on a single core. These processors effectively improve the throughput and utilization of a core, however often at the expense of single-thread performance as threads per core scale. Accordingly, applications which require higher single-thread performance must often resort to single-thread core multi-processor systems which incur additional area overhead and power dissipation. In attempts to improve single- and multi-thread core efficiency, this work introduces the concept of a Configurable Simultaneously Single-Threaded (Multi-)Engine Processor (ConSSTEP). ConSSTEP is a nuanced approach to multi- threaded processors, achieving performance gains and energy efficiency by invoking low overhead reconfigurable properties with full software compatibility. Experimen- tal results demonstrate that ConSSTEP is able to increase single-thread Instruc- tions Per Cycle (IPC) up to 1.39x and 2.4x for 2-thread and 4-thread workloads, respectively, improving throughput and providing up to 2x energy efficiency when compared to a conventional SMT processor.

Configurable simultaneously single-threaded (multi-)engine processor

As the multi-core computing era continues to progress, the need to increase single- thread performance, throughput, and seemingly adapt to thread-level parallelism (TLP) remain important issues. Though the number of cores on each processor continues to increase, expected performance gains have lagged. Accordingly, com- puting systems often include Simultaneously Multi-Threaded (SMT) processors as a compromise between sequential and parallel performance on a single core. These processors effectively improve the throughput and utilization of a core, however often at the expense of single-thread performance as threads per core scale. Accordingly, applications which require higher single-thread performance must often resort to single-thread core multi-processor systems which incur additional area overhead and power dissipation. In attempts to improve single- and multi-thread core efficiency, this work introduces the concept of a Configurable Simultaneously Single-Threaded (Multi-)Engine Processor (ConSSTEP). ConSSTEP is a nuanced approach to multi- threaded processors, achieving performance gains and energy efficiency by invoking low overhead reconfigurable properties with full software compatibility. Experimen- tal results demonstrate that ConSSTEP is able to increase single-thread Instruc- tions Per Cycle (IPC) up to 1.39x and 2.4x for 2-thread and 4-thread workloads, respectively, improving throughput and providing up to 2x energy efficiency when compared to a conventional SMT processor.

How GWEPs Are Impacting Age Friendly and Dementia-Friendly Communities: Baystate Health

Baystate has collaborated with Community Based Organizations (CBOs) to secure designation for Springfield, MA as both age and dementia friendly. We worked together so our city could be recognized as the first in the nation which was age and dementia friendly and also had an age-friendly health system within it. Baystate joined a Springfield coalition of CBOs; with the assistance of the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Coalition, AARP, State and local Elder Affairs, the Massachusetts Councils on Aging and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, we secured and celebrated all three recognitions at a public forum in June 2019. The event was attended by the Mayor, Baystate Health and local Elder Affairs leaders, the press and other stakeholders as well as older adults from the community. Along with ongoing efforts to improve transportation and housing, access to age-friendly health care is now also an additional area of focus for the coalition.

Ocean planning for species on the move provides substantial benefits and requires few trade-offs

Societies increasingly use multisector ocean planning as a tool to mitigate conflicts over space in the sea, but such plans can be highly sensitive to species redistribution driven by climate change or other factors. A key uncertainty is whether planning ahead for future species redistributions imposes high opportunity costs and sharp trade-offs against current ocean plans. Here, we use more than 10,000 projections for marine animals around North America to test the impact of climate-driven species redistributions on the ability of ocean plans to meet their goals. We show that planning for redistributions can substantially reduce exposure to risks from climate change with little additional area set aside and with few trade-offs against current ocean plan effectiveness. Networks of management areas are a key strategy. While climate change will severely disrupt many human activities, we find a strong benefit to proactively planning for long-term ocean change.

Comparing Groundwater Storage Changes in Two Main Grain Producing Areas in China: Implications for Sustainable Agricultural Water Resources Management

Balancing groundwater supply and food production is challenging, especially in large regions where there is often insufficient information on the groundwater budget, such as in the North China Plain (NCP) and the Northeast China Plain (NECP), which are major food producing areas in China. This study aimed to understand this process in a simple but efficient way by using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data, and it focused on historical and projected groundwater storage (GWS) changes in response to changes in grain-sown areas. The results showed that during 2003–2016, the GWS was depleted in the NCP at a rate of −17.2 ± 0.8 mm/yr despite a decrease in groundwater abstraction along with an increase in food production and a stable sown area, while in the NECP, the GWS increased by 2.3 ± 0.7 mm/yr and the groundwater abstraction, food production and the sown area also increased. The scenario simulation using GRACE-derived GWS anomalies during 2003–2016 as the baseline showed that the GWS changes in the NCP can be balanced (i.e., no decreasing trend in storage) by reducing the area of winter wheat and maize by 1.31 × 106 ha and 3.21 × 106 ha, respectively, or by reducing both by 0.93 × 106 ha. In the NECP, the groundwater can sustain an additional area of 0.62 × 106 ha of maize without a decrease in storage. The results also revealed that the current groundwater management policies cannot facilitate the recovery of the GWS in the NCP unless the sown ratio of drought-resistance wheat is increased from 90% to 95%. This study highlights the effectiveness of using GRACE to understanding the nexus between groundwater supply and food production at large scales.

A Summarized Review on Friction Stir Welding for Aluminum Alloys

This paper explains the precept and methodology of FSW. It covers some of the technical sides which influence the process and quality of FSW joint. Large advance has been accomplished in friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum in every side of tool manufacture, microstructure properties estimate in the last decennia. With the development of reliable welding tools and precise control systems, FSW of aluminum has reached a new level of technical maturity. influence on butt joint arrangement is studied. Effect on welding quality of main parameters: rotation speed, travel speed, tool tilt angle, axial force and weld time has been studied. Finally, FSW is identified as an additional area for research can be carried out in the welding science.