Development and Validation of an Adult Greek-American Identity Scale

The current investigation demonstrates the development of an identity instrument, specifically for the measurement of Greek-American ethnic identity: the Adult Greek-American Identity Scale (AGIS). This scale construct validity was assessed with data collected from six Greek Orthodox parishes in northeastern Ohio. As an expansion of earlier research, this study demonstrates that the Greek-American Identity Scale successfully captures the salient elements of this complex and multifaceted phenomenon under four constructs: Ethos, Network, Diaspora, and Attitude. This study makes contributions to three areas of ethnic studies. First, it contributes to the literature on Greek-Americans, a small and understudied ethnic group. Second, this study provides an example of scale development which, although ethnic group specific, can be modified and applied to other ethnic groups. Third, this study makes a contribution to the growing literature that uses structural equation modeling (SEM) in the study of ethnic identity.

Download Full-text

Development and Validation of Learning Style Scale for E-Learners

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/21582440211022324 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 215824402110223

Author(s):

Nabia Luqman Siddiquei ◽

Ruhi Khalid

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Learning Styles ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Learning Style ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Scale Scores ◽

Significant Addition ◽

Development And Validation

The present study aimed to develop an indigenous measure of learning styles for e-learners in Pakistan and to establish its psychometric properties. The objectives of the study were attained via three studies. First, the items for the development of the Learning Style Scale for e-Learners (e-LSS) were generated empirically based on a 5-point Likert-type scale. In Study I, the internal consistency and dimensionality of the measure were determined by sampling 360 e-learners aged from 20 to 40 years through a convenient sampling technique, whereas other demographic characteristics were kept in close consideration. For this purpose, exploratory factor analysis was utilized. In Study II of scale development, the factor structure that emerged in Study I was confirmed via confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling. In Study III, the convergent and divergent validities of the newly constructed scale were established by correlating scores with preestablished scale scores that assess the similar construct (i.e., LSS) and with scores on the discriminant construct (i.e., Solving Problems Survey). The sample for this study consisted of 80 e-learners aged from 20 to 40 years. A total of 29 items were confirmed in the final scale with 8 distinctive factors (namely, visual, auditory, kinesthetic, global, analytical, individual, collaborative, and technological type) with sound psychometric properties. To conclude, the newly constructed scale was a significant addition to assess learning styles particularly of e-learners in the context of Pakistan.

Download Full-text

Social isolation: development and validation of measures

Benchmarking An International Journal ◽

10.1108/bij-11-2018-0371 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1905-1920

Author(s):

Sushant Ranjan ◽

Rama Shankar Yadav

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Well Being ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

External Criterion ◽

Validity Data ◽

Content Type ◽

Development And Validation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and empirically validate items on social isolation. The comprehensive literature review of existing studies on the measures of social isolation, loneliness and the related construct was conducted. The paper seeks to conceptualize, validate and present items to measure social isolation. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on theoretical and empirical investigation of the measures of social isolation, loneliness and related constructs such as social others, social loneliness and feeling of sociability. The items were generated through theoretical exploration of previous literature and later modified. The author examined the items through exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and further checked for external criterion validity. Data collected from 128 individuals, in India, were examined to design and validate the scale. Findings The finding of the paper is a ten-item social isolation scale. Using structural equation modeling, we have found extraversion and well-being significantly associated with final items in the present study, confirming the external quality of the scale. Practical implications Organizations may benefit by close examination of the presence of social isolation in employees along with providing support and assistance to employees so as to reduce negative consequences of social isolation and can address the well-being of the employee. Originality/value There is a dearth of developed and validated measures of social isolation in the literature. The study reveals the conceptualization and empirical validation of measures of social isolation in the Indian context so that researchers can move forward to develop theories on social isolation.

Download Full-text

Measuring Intrapersonal Psychological Empowerment and Ethnic Identity: Highlighting Strengths of Urban Black Girls

Youth & Society ◽

10.1177/0044118x20970226 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 0044118X2097022

Author(s):

Ijeoma Opara ◽

David T. Lardier ◽

Pauline Garcia-Reid ◽

Robert J. Reid

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Identity ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Psychological Empowerment ◽

Black Girls ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Factorial Validity ◽

Control Scale ◽

Sociopolitical Control ◽

Preliminary Support

Limited research has examined intrapersonal psychological empowerment (PE) among Black girls solely. This study aims to fill a gap in empowerment literature by examining the factor structure of the Sociopolitical Control Scale for Youth (SPCS-Y) among Black girls ( N = 377) between the ages of 14–17 years old. We also examine the association with ethnic identity as a conceptually related variable. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the factorial validity of the abbreviated, eight-item SPCS-Y among Black girls. Results support the two-dimensional factor structure of the abbreviated SPCS-Y among Black girls, as well as the association intrapersonal PE has with ethnic identity. Findings provide preliminary support for the empirical and theoretical relationship between intrapersonal PE and ethnic identity among Black girls.

Download Full-text

Korean MLB players: the effects of motives and identification on fan loyalty

Sport Business and Management An International Journal ◽

10.1108/sbm-04-2018-0031 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 239-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kyu-soo Chung ◽

Christopher Brown ◽

Jennifer Willett

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Identity ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Moderating Effect ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Team Identification ◽

Content Type ◽

Behavioral Loyalty ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Baseball Fans

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that motivate Korean baseball fans to support Korean Major League Baseball (MLB) players and to identify the effects of the motivations on identification and behavioral loyalty. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire at three Korean universities. A model was designed to see which three motivations (commitment to Korean baseball, interests in MLB and ethnic identity) affect loyalty behaviors to support Korean MLB players. In the model, the mediating effect of player identification is set to the relation between the three motivations and behavioral loyalty. The moderating effect of team identification is also set to the relation between player identification and behavioral loyalty. Collected data (n=294) were first analyzed via confirmatory factor analysis to ascertain the factor structure of the study model. Then, the study performed a structural equation modeling which finds the magnitude and significance of each causal path among designed factors. Findings All the effects were found to be significantly positive except team identification whose moderating effect was not significant. Interests in MLB had the greatest impact on the fan’s player identification followed by commitment to the Korean baseball league and their ethnic identity. It was also found that the influence of player identification was positive on behavioral loyalty. Originality/value This work can help MLB expand their fan base internationally, especially in Asian countries.

Download Full-text

Development and validation of the Online Learning Self-efficacy Scale (OLSS): A structural equation modeling approach

American Journal of Distance Education ◽

10.1080/08923647.2020.1831357 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Yan Sun ◽

Reenay Rogers

Keyword(s):

Online Learning ◽

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Modeling Approach ◽

Development And Validation

Download Full-text

Teaching Digital Competence and Eco-Responsible Use of Technologies: Development and Validation of a Scale

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12187721 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (18) ◽

pp. 7721 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Raquel Barragán-Sánchez ◽

María-Carmen Corujo-Vélez ◽

Antonio Palacios-Rodríguez ◽

Pedro Román-Graván

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Digital Technologies ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Content Validation ◽

Digital Competence ◽

Validation Process ◽

Modeling Techniques ◽

Development And Validation

The environmental impact produced by digital technologies is one of the fundamental contents to be developed by teachers of the 21st century. Different investigations raise the need to redesign education towards sustainable models and promote a critical look at digital technologies. The main objective of this manuscript is to design a valid, reliable and useful scale to measure self-perceived teacher digital competence regarding the eco-responsible use of technologies. The instrument has been designed based on a detailed analysis of the main frameworks for the development of digital competence in Europe: INTEF and DigCompEdu. A content validation process has been followed through the expert judgment method. Subsequently, its reliability and validity are estimated using structural equation modeling techniques. The results obtained guarantee the reliability and validity of the model. Therefore, the need to establish environmental teacher training plans and more awareness about the eco-responsible use of technologies is established.

Download Full-text

Entrepreneurship Traits among Engineering Students: Instrument Development and Validation Procedure using Structural Equation Modeling

International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering ◽

10.30534/ijatcse/2019/21822019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 235-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Siti Norbaya Daud ◽

◽

Nor Alina Ismail ◽

Morina Abdullah ◽

Norihan Abu Hassan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Instrument Development ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Engineering Students ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Validation Procedure ◽

Development And Validation

Download Full-text

Introduction

The Greek Orthodox Church in America ◽

10.7591/cornell/9781501749438.003.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Alexander Kitroeff

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

The United States ◽

American Identity ◽

Orthodox Church ◽

Greek Language ◽

Greek Orthodox ◽

Eastern Orthodoxy ◽

Greek Orthodox Church ◽

Language Schools ◽

Greek Americans

This chapter provides an account of the Greek Orthodox Church's interrelationship with the Greek Americans throughout the twentieth century. It analyzes the Orthodox Church in the United States that plays a determining role in community affairs not seen anywhere else, such as its control of Greek-language schools. It also establishes the hegemony of the Greek Orthodox Church over the Greek American community. This chapter argues that the Greek Orthodox Church helped shape Greek American identity throughout the twentieth century and did so by adapting to the steady Americanization of the Greek Americans. It also reaches beyond the domain of Eastern Orthodoxy in America as it illustrates the way a relatively small, ethnically rooted religion can survive in the wider religious marketplace of America.

Download Full-text

Using cultural factors to explore sport consumption behaviors of ethnic minority groups

International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship ◽

10.1108/ijsms-04-2016-009 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 130-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jae-Pil Ha ◽

Mary Hums ◽

T. Christopher Greenwell

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Identity ◽

Host Country ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Sport Management ◽

Asian Population ◽

Cultural Factors ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Limited Attention ◽

Content Type ◽

Sport Consumption

Purpose – Despite the remarkable economic power and rapid growth of the Asian population in the USA, relatively little attention has been paid to this group in the sport management literature compared to African-Americans and Hispanics. In addition, sport management scholars have paid limited attention to two important cultural factors: ethnic identity and acculturation. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – This study attempted to examine a comprehensive sport consumption model for Asians by testing theoretical relationships between these two cultural factors (ethnic identity and acculturation), fan identification, and sport consumption behavior. Findings – The structural equation modeling results indicated that ethnic identity indirectly affected consumption of sport products reflecting attributes of a native country, e.g. ethnic player popular sports in a native country through identification with the sport products. In contrast acculturation indirectly affected consumption of sport products reflecting attributes of a host country, e.g. popular sports in a host country. Originality/value – The results of this study provide implications on how sport marketers should effectively design sport products based on the Asians’ levels of acculturation and ethnic identity.

Download Full-text