Repetition of Educational AIDS Advertising Affects Attitudes

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Schindler ◽  
Marc-Andréa Reinhard ◽  
Dagmar Stahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Theory ◽  
Repetition Frequency ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Internet Study

In educational AIDS campaigns, initiators often use advertisements to warn about the threat of AIDS. The present Internet study ( N = 283) tested the assumption of an inverted U-shaped relationship between the number of educational AIDS advertisements in a magazine and the perceived threat of AIDS among different groups (i.e., homosexual men and heterosexual men and women). This expectation was primarily based on signaling theory, which assumes that recipients use repetition frequency as a cue for judgments about the message. Results provided support for the expected inverted U-curve.

Seroprevalence and Determinants of Eight High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Types in Homosexual Men, Heterosexual Men, and Women: A Population-Based Study in Amsterdam

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 672-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlies Heiligenberg ◽  
Kristina M. Michael ◽  
Merlijn A. Kramer ◽  
Michael Pawlita ◽  
Maria Prins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Men And Women

scholarly journals Sexual Orientation and Neuroanatomy: An MRI Study of Gray Matter Differences in Homosexual, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Women and Men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Klimaj ◽  
Adam Safron ◽  
David Sylva ◽  
A.M. Rosenthal ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Bisexual Women ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Heterosexual Women ◽  
Subcortical Volumes

In this study, we attempted to replicate past work focusing on differences in neuroanatomical structures between heterosexual and homosexual men and women. We also performed the first analyses of sexual orientation and neuroanatomy to include bisexual men and women. Sex differences in raw subcortical volumes were consistent with past work and a broader literature on sex differences, showing larger raw subcortical volumes in male groups than female groups. However, we did not confirm past findings showing larger raw volumes in heterosexual than in homosexual men in the left thalamus or right thalamus. Additionally, we did not confirm past findings showing thicker cortices in heterosexual men than in homosexual men in visual/occipital areas (right cuneus, right lingual gyrus, right pericalcarine cortex) or a frontal area (right pars triangularis). Exploratory whole-brain analyses revealed several areas of difference between women that may be of interest for future confirmatory research. Bisexual women had smaller volumes in a region of the olfactory tubercule than heterosexual women as well as a thicker right anterior insula region than homosexual women. Homosexual women had smaller volumes in regions of the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) than both heterosexual women and bisexual women. The functional relevance of these brain areas in terms of understanding female sexual orientation is unclear. However, based on these areas, future work may wish to consider the potential social, emotional, attentional, interoceptive, or general reward-related characteristics that may differentiate women with different attraction patterns. In contrast to previous work, no differences were found between groups of men (heterosexual, bisexual, or homosexual) in any of our analyses. Finally, in terms of whole-brain analyses of sex differences, heterosexual women had both thicker cortices and larger (relative to the whole brain) gray matter volume than heterosexual men in the superior frontal gyrus, in contrast to large-scale studies of sex difference. Although statistically significant at a stringent threshold (FWE-corrected), our whole-brain findings should be interpreted and generalized with caution. The heterogeneity of patterns across analyses of sexual orientation and brain structure (and even across studies of sex/gender and brain structure) suggests that findings may potentially depend upon particular sample characteristics, and potentially Type 1 error due to the testing of many different brain areas.

Primary Relationships Affect the Psychological Health of Homosexual Men at Risk for Aids

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerth O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Primary Relationships ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Hiv Aids

Less is known about the effects of primary relationships on psychological health for homosexual men and women than for heterosexual men and women. Given the HIV/AIDS epidemic, the primary relationships of homosexual men are especially important to examine at the present time. Using questionnaire data collected from 259 homosexual men, this study examined the effects of status and quality of relationship on psychological health. Analysis indicated that homosexual men who are in primary relationships experience fewer depressive symptoms and greater well-being than other homosexual men but that being in a relationship does not predict changes in these outcomes over time. Men who report high quality of relationship show improvements over time in psychological health. These findings are discussed in light of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

Nasality in Homosexual Men: A Comparison with Heterosexual Men and Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1443-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belle Vanpoucke ◽  
Marjan Cosyns ◽  
Kim Bettens ◽  
John Van Borsel
Keyword(s):  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Men And Women

THE RELATION OF BIRTH ORDER TO SEXUAL ORIENTATION IN MEN AND WOMEN

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAY BLANCHARD ◽  
KENNETH J. ZUCKER ◽  
MARVIN SIEGELMAN ◽  
ROBERT DICKEY ◽  
PHILIP KLASSEN
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Heterosexual Women ◽  
Older Brothers ◽  
High Birth Order ◽  
The Brain

Homosexual men have a higher mean birth order than do heterosexual men, primarily because they have a greater number of older brothers. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the same difference occurs in homosexual vs heterosexual women. The probands were 964 homosexual and heterosexual, male and female volunteers, from whom birth order data were collected with self-administered questionnaires. The homosexual men had more older brothers than the heterosexual men, but they did not have more older sisters, younger brothers, or younger sisters. The homosexual women did not differ from the heterosexual women with regard to any class of sibling. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the high birth order of homosexual men reflects the progressive immunization of certain mothers to H-Y antigen by succeeding male fetuses, and the increasing effects of H-Y antibodies on sexual differentiation of the brain in succeeding male fetuses.

scholarly journals Sexual orientation and cognitive ability: A multivariate meta-analytic follow-up

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Xu ◽  
Sam Norton ◽  
Qazi Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Heterosexual Women

A cross-sex shift model of human sexual orientation differences predicts that homosexual men should perform or score in the direction of heterosexual women, and homosexual women in the direction of heterosexual men, in behavioral domains such as cognition and personality. In order to test whether homosexual men and women’s cognitive performance was closer to that of heterosexual men or that of heterosexual women (i.e., sex atypical for their sex), we conducted a multivariate meta-analysis based on data from our previous meta-analysis (Xu, Norton, & Rahman, 2017). A subset of this data was used and comprised a total of 49 samples and 251,393 participants. The multivariate meta-analysis revealed that homosexual men were indeed sex-atypical in mental rotation (Hedges’ g = -0.36) and the Water Level Test (Hedges’ g = -0.55). In mental rotation, homosexual men were somewhat in-between heterosexual men and women. There was no significant group difference on spatial location memory. Homosexual men were also sex atypical on male-favoring spatial-related tasks (Hedges’ g = -0.54), and female-favoring spatial-related tasks (Hedges’ g = 0.38). Homosexual women tended to be sex-typical (similar to heterosexual women). There were no significant group differences on male-favoring other tasks or female-favoring verbal-related tasks. Heterosexual men and women differed significantly on female-favoring other tasks. These results support the cross-sex shift hypothesis which predicts that homosexual men perform in the direction of heterosexual women in sex differentiated cognitive domains. However, the type of task and cognitive domain tested is critical.

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