Decreased Aggressive and Locomotor Behaviors in Betta Splendens after Exposure to Fluoxetine

The failure of sewage treatment plants to remove pharmaceuticals such as fluoxetine from waste water has become a concern given that these products are being detected in the surface waters of many countries of the world. The effects of fluoxetine in sub-lethal doses on the neural systems and behaviors of aquatic life are worthy of investigation. This study investigated the effects of sub-lethal amounts fluoxetine dissolved in water on the aggressive and locomotor behaviors of 44 male Betta splendens. Fish treated with 705 μg/1 of fluoxetine and 350 μg/1 of fluoxetine generally demonstrated significant decreases in locomotion and number of aggressive attacks compared to 0 μg/1 of fluoxetine (controls) on Days 11 and 19 of drug exposure and persisted for at least 13 days after removal of fluoxetine. Consistent with decreases in the number of aggressive attacks, there was a significant increase in aggression-response time to a perceived intruder for treated males on Days 11 and 19 and persisted for 6 days following removal of fluoxetine. However, the differences in aggressive and locomotor behaviors seen in the fluoxetine-treated groups were indistinguishable from controls three weeks following drug removal.

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Occurrence of 70 pharmaceutical and personal care products in Tone River basin in Japan

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2007.801 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 56 (12) ◽

pp. 133-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

N. Nakada ◽

K. Komori ◽

Y. Suzuki ◽

C. Konishi ◽

I. Houwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Personal Care Products ◽

Personal Care ◽

Population Total ◽

Total Load ◽

Sewage Treatment Plants ◽

Flow Profiles

The occurrence of 70 pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) was investigated in the Tone River. The river has the largest basin in Japan, and the water is utilized not only for farming, but also as a source of water supply. One day in both January and October 2006, surface waters in the river and its tributaries and effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) directly discharging into the Tone River were collected, the location of which ranged over 150 km along the river. The 70 PPCPs in the samples were concentrated by solid phase cartridge and were measured by LC-MS/MS using three analytical methods. Fifty-seven PPCPs were detected in one or more samples. Bezafibrate, caffeine, carbamazepine, clarithromycin, crotamiton and sulpiride were frequently detected. Mass flow profiles of some PPCPs (e.g., crotamiton) were comparable to cumulative inhabitants in the basin, suggesting that these PPCPs could be markers of population. Total load of each PPCP into the basin from upstream, the tributaries, and the STPs were calculated. The contribution of selected PPCPs from the tributaries with lower sewerage system coverage was dominant compared to those from upstream and the STPs, suggesting the installation of sewerage systems is necessary to reduce the load of PPCPs in the Tone River basin.

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Comment on “Estrogenicity Determination in Sewage Treatment Plants and Surface Waters from the Catalonian Area (NE Spain)”

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/es010799u ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 35 (20) ◽

pp. 4156-4156 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Robert J. Fensterheim

Keyword(s):

Surface Waters ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plants ◽

Ne Spain

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Occurrence of residues of the veterinary drug crystal (gentian) violet in wild eels caught downstream from municipal sewage treatment plants

Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.1071/en08008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 194 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Andrea Schuetze ◽

Thomas Heberer ◽

Susanne Juergensen

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Crystal Violet ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Gentian Violet ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Ornamental Fish ◽

Municipal Sewage ◽

Oral Exposure ◽

Veterinary Drug ◽

Sewage Treatment Plants

Environmental context. Crystal violet (CV), also known as gentian violet, is a triphenylmethane dye used as a veterinary drug for the treatment of ornamental fish infected with the parasitic protozoa Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. CV is a suspected carcinogen not registered for use with food-producing animals in the European Union, Australia, the US and some other countries. The results from this study now demonstrate that residues of leuco CV, the main metabolite of CV, may occur as an organic contaminant in samples of wild eels caused by discharges of municipal sewage effluents. Abstract. Crystal violet (CV) and leucocrystal violet (LCV) were found in the tissues of wild eels caught from surface waters under the influence of effluents discharged by municipal sewage treatment plants (STPs). LCV was the dominant residue detected with total concentrations up to 6.7 μg kg–1 fresh weight in tissues of eels caught from lakes, rivers and a canal in Berlin, Germany. The occurrence of the residues found in 35 out of 45 samples could directly be linked to the presence of discharges by municipal STPs into the receiving surface waters. CV is a multiple-use compound that is also used as a biological stain and to colour materials such as textiles, paints and printing inks. Thus, it seems very likely that the residues of CV found in the eel samples originate from such uses and from legal uses of CV as a veterinary drug for the treatment of ornamental fish. The results obtained from this study are the first report of background contamination by CV found in samples of fish not intentionally treated with this agent. Although the residues of CV and LCV measured in the tissues of the eels were very low, an oral exposure to residues of CV or LCV should be avoided with regard to their mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. According to European Union law, zero tolerance applies to all residues of CV and LCV found in food for human consumption, as CV is not registered for use as a veterinary drug.

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Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Sewage Treatment Plants between January 2020 and July 2021 in Taiwan

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10121611 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1611

Author(s):

Wei-Lun Huang ◽

Wen-Bin Fann ◽

Rong-Jun Shen ◽

Yi Chu ◽

Jyh-Yuan Yang

Keyword(s):

Surveillance System ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Northern Region ◽

Sewage Treatment Plants ◽

Two Samples ◽

Taipei City ◽

The World ◽

New Type ◽

Wastewater Samples ◽

Different Parts

An outbreak of a new type of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, at the end of 2019, and it later spread to other areas of China and around the world. Taiwan reported the first confirmed case from an individual who returned from Wuhan, China, in January 2020 for Chinese New Year. Monitoring microbes in environmental sewage is an important epidemiological indicator, especially for pathogens that can be shed in feces such as poliovirus. We have conducted additional SARS-CoV-2 sewage testing since January 2020 using a well-established poliovirus environmental sewage surveillance system in Taiwan. Wastewater samples were collected from 11 sewage treatment plants from different parts of Taiwan twice a month for laboratory testing. By the end of July 2021, 397 wastewater specimens had been tested, and two samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2. These two wastewater samples were collected in the northern region of Taiwan from Taipei (site A) and New Taipei City (site C) at the beginning of June 2021. This result is consistent with the significant increase in confirmed COVID-19 cases observed in the same period of time. As the pandemic ebbed after June, the wastewater samples in these areas also tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 in July 2021.

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