scholarly journals Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Sewage Treatment Plants between January 2020 and July 2021 in Taiwan

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1611
Author(s):  
Wei-Lun Huang ◽  
Wen-Bin Fann ◽  
Rong-Jun Shen ◽  
Yi Chu ◽  
Jyh-Yuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Taipei City ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Different Parts

An outbreak of a new type of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, at the end of 2019, and it later spread to other areas of China and around the world. Taiwan reported the first confirmed case from an individual who returned from Wuhan, China, in January 2020 for Chinese New Year. Monitoring microbes in environmental sewage is an important epidemiological indicator, especially for pathogens that can be shed in feces such as poliovirus. We have conducted additional SARS-CoV-2 sewage testing since January 2020 using a well-established poliovirus environmental sewage surveillance system in Taiwan. Wastewater samples were collected from 11 sewage treatment plants from different parts of Taiwan twice a month for laboratory testing. By the end of July 2021, 397 wastewater specimens had been tested, and two samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2. These two wastewater samples were collected in the northern region of Taiwan from Taipei (site A) and New Taipei City (site C) at the beginning of June 2021. This result is consistent with the significant increase in confirmed COVID-19 cases observed in the same period of time. As the pandemic ebbed after June, the wastewater samples in these areas also tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 in July 2021.

New type of sludge density meter using microwaves for application in sewage treatment plants

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Seiji Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Difference ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Microwave Measurement ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Type

Sludge density is an important index for the control of sewage and sludge treatment processes. A new measuring method for sludge density, the microwave phase difference method, has been tested with a good correlation between density and phase difference. Comparison tests with conventional ultrasonic density meters have shown characteristics that are superior to the flow-through type and equivalent to the defoaming type. We developed a sludge density meter that uses this method and made long-term field tests on the sludge pipelines in sewage treatment plants. Results demonstrated a good correlation with the values that were obtained by manual analysis, with excellent linearity from low density of less than 1% to high density of about 30%. This new microwave measurement method is less affected by soil build-up and air bubbles, is able to measure a wide range of densities from low to high, and is capable of continuous measurement. It is a highly reliable measuring method for practical applications.

scholarly journals Rotavirus Genotypes in Sewage Treatment Plants and in Children Hospitalized with Acute Diarrhea in Italy in 2010 and 2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco M. Ruggeri ◽  
Paolo Bonomo ◽  
Giovanni Ianiro ◽  
Andrea Battistone ◽  
Roberto Delogu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Molecular Surveillance ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
High Level ◽  
Genotype G1

ABSTRACTAlthough the molecular surveillance network RotaNet-Italy provides useful nationwide data on rotaviruses causing severe acute gastroenteritis in children in Italy, scarce information is available on rotavirus circulation in the general Italian population, including adults with mild or asymptomatic infection. We investigated the genotypes of rotaviruses present in urban wastewaters and compared them with those of viral strains from clinical pediatric cases. During 2010 and 2011, 285 sewage samples from 4 Italian cities were tested by reverse transcription-PCRs (RT-PCRs) specific for rotavirus VP7 and VP4 genes. Rotavirus was detected in 172 (60.4%) samples, 26 of which contained multiple rotavirus G (VP7 gene) genotypes, for a total of 198 G types. Thirty-two samples also contained multiple P (VP4 gene) genotypes, yielding 204 P types in 172 samples. Genotype G1 accounted for 65.6% of rotaviruses typed, followed by genotypes G2 (20.2%), G9 (7.6%), G4 (4.6%), G6 (1.0%), G3 (0.5%), and G26 (0.5%). VP4 genotype P[8] accounted for 75.0% of strains, genotype P[4] accounted for 23.0% of strains, and the uncommon genotypes P[6], P[9], P[14], and P[19] accounted for 2.0% of strains altogether. These rotavirus genotypes were also found in pediatric patients hospitalized in the same areas and years but in different proportions. Specifically, genotypes G2, G9, and P[4] were more prevalent in sewage samples than among samples from patients, which suggests either a larger circulation of the latter strains through the general population not requiring medical care or their greater survival in wastewaters. A high level of nucleotide identity in the G1, G2, and G6 VP7 sequences was observed between strains from the environment and those from patients.

scholarly journals Environmental Occurrence of the Whipple’s Disease Bacterium (Tropheryma whippelii)

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 760-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Maiwald ◽  
Frank Schuhmacher ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Ditton ◽  
Axel von Herbay
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Whipple’S Disease ◽  
Whipple's Disease ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Analysis ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Tropheryma Whippelii ◽  
Systemic Disorder ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACT Whipple’s disease is a systemic disorder in which a gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium is constantly present in infected tissues. After numerous unsuccessful attempts to culture this bacterium, it was eventually characterized by 16S rRNA gene analysis to be a member of the actinomycetes. The name Tropheryma whippelii was proposed. Until now, the bacterium has only been found in infected human tissues, but there is no evidence for human-to-human transmission. Here we report the detection of DNA specific for the Whipple’s disease bacterium in 25 of 38 wastewater samples from five different sewage treatment plants in the area of Heidelberg, Germany. These findings provide the first evidence that T. whippeliioccurs in the environment, within a polymicrobial community. This is in accordance with the phylogenetic relationship of this bacterium as well as with known epidemiological aspects of Whipple’s disease. Our data argue for an environmental source for infection with the Whipple’s disease bacterium.

Decreased Aggressive and Locomotor Behaviors in Betta Splendens after Exposure to Fluoxetine

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jess G. Kohlert ◽  
Brian P. Mangan ◽  
Christine Kodra ◽  
Linsay Drako ◽  
Emily Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Betta Splendens ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
The World ◽  
Locomotor Behaviors ◽  
Lethal Doses

The failure of sewage treatment plants to remove pharmaceuticals such as fluoxetine from waste water has become a concern given that these products are being detected in the surface waters of many countries of the world. The effects of fluoxetine in sub-lethal doses on the neural systems and behaviors of aquatic life are worthy of investigation. This study investigated the effects of sub-lethal amounts fluoxetine dissolved in water on the aggressive and locomotor behaviors of 44 male Betta splendens. Fish treated with 705 μg/1 of fluoxetine and 350 μg/1 of fluoxetine generally demonstrated significant decreases in locomotion and number of aggressive attacks compared to 0 μg/1 of fluoxetine (controls) on Days 11 and 19 of drug exposure and persisted for at least 13 days after removal of fluoxetine. Consistent with decreases in the number of aggressive attacks, there was a significant increase in aggression-response time to a perceived intruder for treated males on Days 11 and 19 and persisted for 6 days following removal of fluoxetine. However, the differences in aggressive and locomotor behaviors seen in the fluoxetine-treated groups were indistinguishable from controls three weeks following drug removal.

Seasonal movement of trace-element discharge in a typical south-Indian suburban community

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1035-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick Ian Joshua ◽  
Sumith Abeykoon ◽  
Izumi Watanabe ◽  
Lucyna Paszek ◽  
Keshava Balakrishna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Anthropogenic Input ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Seasonal Movement ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Abstract Four conventional activated sludge sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Southern India were chosen to investigate the occurrence of major ions and trace metals in dissolved fraction of the wastewater. Samples were collected from inlet and outlet of STPs during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. Except for a few elements (Mn, Mo and Ni), the concentrations of the rest increased at the outlet of STPs, suggesting that there is an addition of these elements during the treatment process. The increase in concentrations at the STP outlet ranged from 1.25 times for Mn to 3,254 times for Ag during the pre-monsoon. In the monsoon, the increase ranged from 1.75 (Fe) to 1,510 (Ag). This suggests that there is a substantial anthropogenic input of these elements as they pass through the treatment process. Removal rates of elements in STPs also varied. 59% of Mn was removed during the treatment process during pre-monsoon as compared to 67% removal during monsoon.

scholarly journals Differentiation of six Eucalyptus trees grown in Mexico by ITS and six chloroplast barcoding markers

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fladung ◽  
H. Schroeder ◽  
C. Wehenkel ◽  
B. Kersten
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The World ◽  
Genus Eucalyptus ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract Different species of the genus Eucalyptus, originally native to Australia, are being cultivated in different parts of the world due to their fast growth and beneficial wood properties. In Mexico, probably up to 25 different Eucalyptus species (many of them with unknown species declaration) were introduced early in the 20th century. Many Eucalyptus species are cross compatible and information about provenances of the single eucalypt species is rare. In this study, an experimental plantation established in 1984 and located in Northeast of Mexico was chosen as example to re-assign the species name of six randomly selected Eucalyptus trees growing in this plantation. First, a phylogenetic tree was constructed from complete chloroplast sequences of 31 Eucalyptus species available in the NCBI database. The phylogenetic tree includes three of the nine Eucalyptus species known to be introduced to Mexico, namely E. camaldulensis, E. saligna and E. grandis, which belong to a clade named “Symphyomyrts”. By employing combined BLASTN and UPGMA analyses of six chloroplast (cp) regions, three of the six unknown eucalypt samples (Euc4, 5, 6) cluster together with E. microtheca and E. cladocalyx, whereas the other three (Euc1, 2, 3) were more similar to a group containing E. camaldulensis, E. grandis and E. saligna. UPGMA analysis of the ITS region overall shows the same rough clustering, but provide more detailed information for two samples being most likely assigned to E. camaldulensis.

A New Type of Wedge Colorimeter used in a Biological Investigation of Sewage

1929 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Biological Study ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Biological Investigation ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Research Scholarship ◽  
New Type

For two years, from June, 1927, the writer held a Research Scholarship in Sanitary Science from the Grocers' Company, the terms of reference including a biological study of the fauna of sewage-treatment plants. Special attention was paid to the free-living nematodes since in mere quantity they form an important section of the fauna in many treatment units, and they have been much neglected as a group in comparison with the protozoa and bacteria.

COVID 19: REALS AND CHALLENGES AGAINST DOCTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-87
Author(s):  
Zen Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Pneumonia Case ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
Health Organization

Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) is a contagious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which was discovered in December 2019 in China. This disease can cause clinical manifestations in the airway, lung and systemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) representative of China reported a pneumonia case with unknown etiology in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China on December 31, 2019. The cause was identified as a new type of coronavirus on January 7, 2020 with an estimated source of the virus from traditional markets (seafood market). ) Wuhan city

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