Effects of Sensory Information, Movement Direction, and Hand Use on Fine Motor Precision

2012 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Maria Tous-Ral ◽  
Ruben Muiños ◽  
Liudmila Liutsko ◽  
Carlos G. Forero
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Information ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Fine Motor

scholarly journals Modern Approaches to Occupational Therapy of Children with Authistic Spectric Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
M. V. Vitomska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Maladaptive Behavior ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions

The purpose of the study is to determine the current provisions on occupational therapy interventions for children with ASD, features of their practical implementation and effectiveness based on the analysis of research data. Materials and methods. This work is the result of the analysis of scientific and methodological developments on the practical implementation of occupational therapy interventions in terms of timing and scope, complexity and role of the family; comparison of research results, which are devoted to the study of the effectiveness of behavioral therapy and SI, as the main interventions of occupational therapists. Results. Early rehabilitation of a child with ASD contributes to the formation of the necessary skills in everyday life and communication. To date, the largest evidence base has been accumulated by intervention programs, which are based on the principles of improving parent-child relations and are aimed at developing social and communication skills. Occupational therapy in ASD is aimed at overcoming motor anxiety, disorders of large and fine motor skills, coordination of movements and ability to learn, speech. SI-based occupational therapy is used to improve the processing of sensory information, improve the efficiency of "registration" and modulation of the senses, as well as help in the formation of simple adaptive responses. The effectiveness of sensory and motor interventions is manifested in positive changes in the social interaction of children, purposeful play and normalization of sensitivity. Sensory interventions of occupational therapists can reduce maladaptive behavior, hyperactivity, as well as inhibit self-stimulation, stereotyped movements and improve attention. Researchers recommend that occupational therapists combine sensory interventions with functional tasks that help the child's practice in achieving the goal of the activity. Conclusions. There is a large number of approaches and techniques used in occupational therapy for children with ASD. Given the lack of evidence to determine the most effective of them, it should be noted that additional research is needed to address this issue

scholarly journals Falls and motor behavior in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-415
Author(s):  
Renato Moraes ◽  
Rosangela A. Batistela ◽  
Luciana O. Santos ◽  
Natalia M. Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Motor Behaviors ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls

This mini-review focuses on intrinsic risk factors for falls, particularly the changes in motor behavior of faller older adults. Our purpose is to present evidence that faller older adults exhibit motor behavior changes beyond the typically investigated standing and walking tasks. We showed initially that postural control alterations with more prominent differences for fallers than non-fallers seem to depend on postural demands, availability of sensory information, and tasks performed concomitantly with the balancing task. We also provided evidence that walking speed is the most consistent aspect to differentiate fallers from non-fallers. This reduction in walking speed may be a strategy to improve gait stability to avoid a fall. More recent studies have shown that fallers presented modifications in the control of the prehension movement. These changes suggest that fallers have changes in movement categories other than balancing and walking, suggesting that fallers’ difficulties are broader than previously thought. The fact that faller older adults have modifications in the control of upper and lower limbs is indicative of a change in motor behavior involving gross and fine motor behaviors. The understanding of a faller as an individual with global changes in motor behavior has important implications for fall prevention and rehabilitation programs for these individuals.

What Do We Know About Motor Development of Preterm Children Without Major Neurological Damage and Disorder? A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Charline Madelaine ◽  
Nicolas Benguigui ◽  
Michèle Molina
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs

This review addresses the question of a possible specificity of motor development of preterm children with no diagnosis of neurological impairment or major cerebral lesion. With that goal, we proceed with a narrative review on the basis of nine studies. All the studies used standardized assessments of motor abilities with a comparison methodology of preterm and full-term groups aged between 3 and 8 years. The review stresses three major findings in the preterm groups as compared with the full-term groups: (a) inferior fine motor abilities; (b) heterogeneity in motor skills; and (c) differences in efficiency of cognitive, perceptual, and mobilization of perceptual motor processes, which do not necessarily result in lower scores in global performances. These findings suggest the need of long-term medical follow-up for all preterm children whether or not they are at risk for neurodevelopmental disorder. Focusing attention on the use of sensory information for motor control in preterm children could also lead to more precise evaluations of motor abilities, which will then provide more detailed parameters for improved learning and rehabilitation programs.

scholarly journals ENCODING OF LIMB STATE BY SINGLE NEURONS IN THE CUNEATE NUCLEUS OF AWAKE MONKEYS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Versteeg ◽  
Joshua M Rosenow ◽  
Sliman J Bensmaia ◽  
Lee E Miller
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Information ◽  
Muscle Spindles ◽  
Limb Movement ◽  
Reaching Movements ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Single Muscle ◽  
Single Neurons ◽  
Cuneate Nucleus

The cuneate nucleus (CN) is among the first sites along the neuraxis where proprioceptive signals can be integrated, transformed, and modulated. The objective of the study was to characterize the proprioceptive representations in CN. To this end, we recorded from single CN neurons in three monkeys during active reaching and passive limb perturbation. We found that many neurons exhibited responses that were tuned approximately sinusoidally to limb movement direction, as has been found for other sensorimotor neurons. The distribution of their preferred directions (PDs) was highly non-uniform and resembled that of muscle spindles within individual muscles, suggesting that CN neurons typically receive inputs from only a single muscle. We also found that the responses of proprioceptive CN neurons tended to be modestly amplified during active reaching movements compared to passive limb perturbations, in contrast to cutaneous CN neurons whose responses were not systematically different in the active and passive conditions. Somatosensory signals thus seem to be subject to a 'spotlighting' of relevant sensory information rather than uniform suppression as has been suggested previously.

An Artificial Myotatic Reflex: A Potential Avenue to Fine Motor Control

1989 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Grundfest-Broniatowski ◽  
Michael Broniatowski ◽  
Charles R. Davies ◽  
Gordon B. Jacobs ◽  
Jerald C. Kasick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Sensory Innervation ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Fine Motor Control ◽  
Nerve Muscle

When a striated muscle becomes paralyzed, not only its motor function, but its sensory innervation may be Impaired. Methods of rehabilitation have previously focused only on motor innervation, although striated muscles are submitted to self-regulation of length and tension. Indeed, reinnervated muscle may not contract appropriately unless sensory information is available, nor is it known whether sensory receptors are included in the reinnervation process. We hypothesized that the myotatic reflex (MR) would be absent in the event these sensory organs are not reinnervated, and that an artificial myotatic reflex (AMR) would be useful in reestablishing fine motor control. The strap muscles were exposed in six anesthetized rabbits. The MR was verified by stretching an intact sternohyoid muscle. Next, loss of the reflex was documented after the ipsllateral ansa hypoglossl was divided, and a crossover nerve-muscle pedicle (NMP) was brought In from the opposite sternothyroid. After 3 months, the MR was still absent; however, stretch of the contralateral sternohyoid produced a reflex response on the reinnervated side. A strain gauge sutured to the reinnervated muscle was linked to an electronic modulator so that stretch induced electric stimulation of the NMP and contraction (the AMR). We conclude that (1) proprioception is not reestablished in the reinnervated muscle; (2) by contrast, sensory Information from the muscle of origin of the NMP Is conveyed to the reinnervated side; and (3) the AMR offers promise toward more sophisticated control of paralyzed (I.e., facial, laryngeal) musculature.

scholarly journals Sensory Contributions to Balance in Boys with Developmental Coordination Disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik J.A. Deconinck ◽  
Dirk De Clercq ◽  
Rudy Van Coster ◽  
Ann Oostra ◽  
Griet Dewitte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Normal Score ◽  
Specific Subgroup ◽  
Movement Assessment ◽  
Coordination Disorder ◽  
Condition Interaction

This study examined and compared the control of posture during bilateral stance in ten boys with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) of 6-8 years old and ten matched typically developing boys in four sensory conditions (with or without vision, on a firm or complaint surface). In all conditions mean postural sway velocity was larger for the boys with DCD, in spite of a normal score on the balance items of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children. A Group X Condition interaction revealed a larger dependency on vision in the boys with DCD when standing on a firm surface. These results suggest that in this specific subgroup of boys with DCD with predominantly problems in fine motor and ball skills postural control problems may still be prevalent and may possibly be associated with difficulties to re-weight sensory information in response to environmental demands.

scholarly journals Ocular stability and set-point adaptation

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1718) ◽  
pp. 20160199 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Zee ◽  
P. Jareonsettasin ◽  
R. J. Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Information ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Vestibular Nuclei ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Steady Level ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex

A fundamental challenge to the brain is how to prevent intrusive movements when quiet is needed. Unwanted limb movements such as tremor impair fine motor control and unwanted eye drifts such as nystagmus impair vision. A stable platform is also necessary to launch accurate movements. Accordingly, nature has designed control systems with agonist (excitation) and antagonist (inhibition) muscle pairs functioning in push–pull, around a steady level of balanced tonic activity, the set-point . Sensory information can be organized similarly, as in the vestibulo-ocular reflex, which generates eye movements that compensate for head movements. The semicircular canals, working in coplanar pairs, one in each labyrinth, are reciprocally excited and inhibited as they transduce head rotations. The relative change in activity is relayed to the vestibular nuclei, which operate around a set-point of stable balanced activity. When a pathological imbalance occurs, producing unwanted nystagmus without head movement, an adaptive mechanism restores the proper set-point and eliminates the nystagmus. Here we used 90 min of continuous 7 T magnetic field labyrinthine stimulation (MVS) in normal humans to produce sustained nystagmus simulating vestibular imbalance. We identified multiple time-scale processes towards a new zero set-point showing that MVS is an excellent paradigm to investigate the neurobiology of set-point adaptation. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Movement suppression: brain mechanisms for stopping and stillness’.

scholarly journals Encoding of limb state by single neurons in the cuneate nucleus of awake monkeys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Versteeg ◽  
Joshua M. Rosenow ◽  
Sliman J Bensmaia ◽  
Lee E Miller
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Information ◽  
Muscle Spindles ◽  
Limb Movement ◽  
Reaching Movements ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Single Muscle ◽  
Single Neurons ◽  
Cuneate Nucleus

The cuneate nucleus (CN) is among the first sites along the neuraxis where proprioceptive signals can be integrated, transformed, and modulated. The objective of the study was to characterize the proprioceptive representations in CN. To this end, we recorded from single CN neurons in three monkeys during active reaching and passive limb perturbation. We found that many neurons exhibited responses that were tuned approximately sinusoidally to limb movement direction, as has been found for other sensorimotor neurons. The distribution of their preferred directions (PDs) was highly non-uniform and resembled that of muscle spindles within individual muscles, suggesting that CN neurons typically receive inputs from only a single muscle. We also found that the responses of proprioceptive CN neurons tended to be modestly amplified during active reaching movements compared to passive limb perturbations, in contrast to cutaneous CN neurons whose responses were not systematically different in the active and passive conditions. Somatosensory signals thus seem to be subject to a "spotlighting" of relevant sensory information rather than uniform suppression as has been suggested previously.

Intersegmental Dynamics Are Controlled by Sequential Anticipatory, Error Correction, and Postural Mechanisms

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 1045-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Sainburg ◽  
C. Ghez ◽  
D. Kalakanis
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Reaching Movements ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Inertial Load ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Intersegmental Dynamics ◽  
Applied Forces

Intersegmental dynamics are controlled by sequential anticipatory, error correction, and positional control mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to examine the mechanisms underlying control of intersegmental dynamics during reaching movements. Two experiments were conducted to determine the relative contributions of anticipatory and somatosensory feedback mechanisms in controlling intersegmental dynamics and whether adaptation to novel intersegmental dynamics generalizes across a range of movement directions. The mechanisms used to control interaction torques were examined by altering the inertial load of the forearm. Movements were restricted to the shoulder and elbow and supported on a horizontal plane by a frictionless air-jet system. Subjects made rapid out-and-back movements over a target line presented on a computer screen. The screen cursor disappeared at movement onset, and hand paths were displayed after each movement. After subjects adapted to a novel inertial configuration, the position of an attached mass was changed on pseudorandom trials. During these “surprise” trials, movements were initiated with the torque patterns appropriate to the previously learned inertial condition. As a result, characteristic errors in initial movement direction were predicted by an open-looped forward simulation. After these errors occurred, feedback mediated changes in torque emerged that, surprisingly, further decreased the accuracy of movement reversals. Nevertheless at the end of movement, the hand consistently returned to the starting position. It is plausible that the final position was determined completely by feedback-mediated changes in torque. In a second experiment, adaptation to a novel inertial load during movements made in a single direction showed limited transfer across a range of directions. These findings support and extend those of previous reports, which indicated combined anticipatory and postural mechanisms to coordinate rapid reaching movements. The current results indicate a three-stage control system that sequentially links anticipatory, error correction, and postural mechanisms to control intersegmental dynamics. Our results, showing limited generalization across directions, are consistent with previous reports examining adaptation to externally applied forces and extend those findings to indicate that the nervous system uses sensory information to recalibrate internal representations of the musculoskeletal apparatus itself.

Relation Between Level of Prefrontal Activity and Subject's Performance

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Casini ◽  
Françoise Macar ◽  
Marie-Hélène Giard
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Practice Phase ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Anagram Task ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Processing Mechanism

Abstract The experiment reported here was aimed at determining whether the level of brain activity can be related to performance in trained subjects. Two tasks were compared: a temporal and a linguistic task. An array of four letters appeared on a screen. In the temporal task, subjects had to decide whether the letters remained on the screen for a short or a long duration as learned in a practice phase. In the linguistic task, they had to determine whether the four letters could form a word or not (anagram task). These tasks allowed us to compare the level of brain activity obtained in correct and incorrect responses. The current density measures recorded over prefrontal areas showed a relationship between the performance and the level of activity in the temporal task only. The level of activity obtained with correct responses was lower than that obtained with incorrect responses. This suggests that a good temporal performance could be the result of an efficacious, but economic, information-processing mechanism in the brain. In addition, the absence of this relation in the anagram task results in the question of whether this relation is specific to the processing of sensory information only.

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