Psychophysical Method and Phoria as Variables Determining Apparent Motion Perception

1966 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Rusnak
Keyword(s):  
Motion Perception ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Psychophysical Method ◽  
Perceived Motion ◽  
Method Of Constant Stimuli

Psychophysical method, degree of heterophoria, and type of heterophoria (esophoria and hyperphoria) were studied as variables affecting the perception of beta motion in 25 male Ss and 25 female Ss. Esophoria was more disruptive of motion perception than hyperphoria, for all Ss, with the stimuli presented in a horizontal plane. The method of constant stimuli produced greater mean durations of perceived motion in the male Ss than the method of serial exploration but was non-significant for females. Degree of heterophoria did not significantly affect mean durations of perceived motion for either group, leading to the conclusion that beta motion is a highly stable phenomenon

Effect of Element Size on Stereoscopic Apparent Motion

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1187-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Ito
Keyword(s):  
Motion Perception ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Spatial Displacement ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Element Size ◽  
Random Dot Stereograms ◽  
Perceived Motion

Spatial displacement limits in stereoscopic (cyclopean) apparent motion were measured from sequentially presented two-frame random-depth configurations. Each depth configuration was defined by stereoscopically near or far elements of various sizes. The limits were compared with those in luminance-defined apparent motion. The subject's task was 2-alternative forced-choice of the perceived motion direction of the sequentially presented two-frame random-dot stereograms. The spatial displacement limit below which correct motion perception arose with stereoscopic configurations was larger in proportion to increases in size of elements. The values were almost consistent with those measured by luminance-defined configurations with the same element sizes. This result suggests that the strategy for discrimination of motion direction of random configurations is similar in both stereoscopic and luminance-defined apparent motion.

A Response-Time Approach for Estimating Sensitivity to Auditory Tempo Changes

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Pouliot ◽  
Simon Grondin
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Psychophysical Method ◽  
Dynamic Stimuli ◽  
Tempo Change ◽  
Sensitive Tool ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
Musical Condition ◽  
Method Of Constant Stimuli

One of the features of the auditory system is its ability to efficiently process events that occur in rapid succession. The aim of the present study is to propose a new way of investigating sensitivity to auditory tempo changes. More specifically, it proposes to compare the relative sensitivity (bias) to acceleration and deceleration in both musical and monotonal conditions. Bias was measured with (1) a conventional psychophysical method known as the method of constant stimuli (MCS) and (2) a so-called method of dynamic stimuli (MDS). The latter method consists in responding with a finger press as soon as a near-continual tempo change is detected. With the MCS, there was no preference, as estimated by the point of subjective equality, between acceleration and deceleration in the monotonal condition, but there was a preference in the musical condition that indicated more facility for estimating decelerations than accelerations. The results obtained with the MDS are consistent with the MCS results, given that the response time was faster for decelerations than accelerations in the musical condition but not in the monotonal condition. We conclude that the MDS is a sensitive tool for investigating slight tempo variations.

Neurobiological correlates of apparent motion perception in the human visual system using magnetoencephalography

NeuroImage ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 893
Author(s):  
C.I. Horenstein ◽  
R.R. Ramirez ◽  
E. Kronberg ◽  
U. Ribary ◽  
R.R. Llinas
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Human Visual System

A General Correspondence Approach to Apparent Motion

Perception ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Caelli ◽  
Mark Manning ◽  
David Finlay
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Constraint Satisfaction ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Feature Weights ◽  
General Correspondence ◽  
Perceived Motion

A general framework is considered for how different features of image parts determine the perceived direction of apparent motion between these parts as a function of their internalized feature weights. It is shown how the compatibility and constraints between pairwise part correspondences also play important roles in the types of perceived motion between parts; this process is modelled via a multivariate constraint-satisfaction procedure.

Optokinetic Responses of the Crab, Carcinus to a Single Moving Light

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-274
Author(s):  
G. A. HORRIDGE
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Complete Darkness ◽  
Intermittent Light ◽  
Optokinetic Responses ◽  
Dark Room

1. A crab in an otherwise dark room will stabilize its eye position by reference to a single small light, so long as the illumination at the eye exceeds about 0.0003 lux. 2. The eye movements follow the movements of the light. 3. Responses to a light moving in a horizontal plane resemble those to a striped drum, but at lower percentage following. 4. Apparent motion is an effective stimulus; with intermittent light the response is reduced. If there is a period of complete darkness after the first light the subsequent movement, when the second light comes on, is slower for longer dark periods. 5. The crab learns, after some repetitions, to discriminate between a continuous light and an intermittent one, as shown by its eventually stabilizing them at different points on its retina.

4. Motion perception

2017 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Brian Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Motion Perception ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Time To Contact ◽  
Motion System ◽  
Visual Systems ◽  
Temporal Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Induced Motion ◽  
After Effect ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The ability to detect motion is one of the most important properties of our visual system and the visual systems of nearly every other species. Motion perception is not just important for detecting the movement of objects—both for catching prey and for avoiding predators—but it is also important for providing information about the 3-D structure of the world, for maintaining balance, determining our direction of heading, segregating the scene and breaking camouflage, and judging time-to-contact with other objects in the world. ‘Motion perception’ describes the spatio-temporal process of motion perception and the perceptual effects that tell us something about the characteristics of the motion system: apparent motion, the motion after-effect, and induced motion.

Perceptual Organization in Multistable Apparent Motion

Perception ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilayanur S Ramachandran ◽  
Stuart M Anstis
Keyword(s):  
Motion Perception ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Perceptual Organization ◽  
Necker Cube ◽  
The Other ◽  
Horizontal Oscillation ◽  
Random Location ◽  
Single Figure ◽  
Looking Back

Is motion perception based on a local piecemeal analysis of the image or do ‘global’ effects also play an important role? Use was made of bistable apparent-motion displays in trying to answer this question. Two spots were flashed simultaneously on diagonally opposite corners of a 1 deg wide square and then switched off and replaced by two spots appearing on the other two corners. One can either see vertical or horizontal oscillation and the display is bistable just as a Necker cube is. If several such bistable figures are randomly scattered on the screen and presented simultaneously, then one usually sees the same motion axis in all of them, suggesting the presence of field-like effects for resolving ambiguity in apparent motion. While viewing a single figure observers experience hysteresis: they tend to adhere to one motion axis or the other and can switch the axis only by looking away and looking back after 10–30 s have elapsed. The figure can be switched off and made to reappear at some other random location on the screen and it is then always found to retain its motion axis. Several such demonstrations are presented to show that spatial induction effects in metastable motion displays may provide a particularly valuable probe for studying ‘laws’ of perceptual organization.

Can Illusory Motion Disrupt Tracking Real Motion?

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J Andrews ◽  
Allison N McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Motion Perception ◽  
Retinal Image ◽  
Optokinetic Nystagmus ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Illusory Motion ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Critical Rate ◽  
Real Motion ◽  
Actual Motion ◽  
Perceived Motion

When rotating stripes or other periodic stimuli cross the retina at a critical rate, a reversal in the direction of motion of the stimuli is often seen. This illusion of motion perception was used to explore the roles of retinal and perceived motion in the generation of optokinetic nystagmus. Here we show that optokinetic nystagmus is disrupted during the perception of this illusion. Thus, when perceived and actual motion are in conflict, subjects fail to track the veridical movement. This observation suggests that the perception of motion can directly influence optokinetic nystagmus, even in the presence of a moving retinal image. A conflict in the neural representation of motion in different brain areas may explain these findings.

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