Detection of Lung Cancer Tumor in CT Scan Images Using Novel Combination of Super Pixel and Active Contour Algorithms

Lung cancer is a problem that has become increasingly widespread in recent years due to smoking, poor nutrition and other factors. If lung cancer cells are identified at an early stage, they will be crucial in saving lives. Machine learning-based approaches to detecting lung cancer tumors have reduced the need for manpower, reduced human error and reduced medical costs. CT scan images are one of the efficient image types to identify these tumors in the lung. However, the random location and shape of the tumors and poor quality of CT scans are biggest challenges in lung cancer tumor detection. In this paper, a multi-step method for detecting cancer tumors in CT scans is proposed. In the proposed method, the images are first clustered using the super pixel algorithm. The morphological operators are then used to cut the unconnected parts. Finally, the cancerous nodules and tumors are identified using the active contour algorithm. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated on benchmark LIDC database in terms of Dice similarity measure which is 84.88%. Results show the higher performance of the proposed approach in comparison with state-of-the-art methods in this area.

The Social Justice Impact of the Transit-Oriented Development

Transit-oriented development (TOD) is often considered a solution for automobile dependency in the pursuit of sustainability. Although TOD has shown various benefits as sustainable development and smart growth, there are potential downsides, such as transit-induced gentrification (TIG). Even if there were no displacement issues with TIG, existing residents could be disadvantaged by a TOD due to affordability problems. This study focuses on these potential affordability issues and aims to evaluate the effects of TOD using residents’ discretionary income (DI) as an indicator of affordability. The light rail transit-oriented development (LRTOD) in Phoenix, AZ, is selected because of the timing of the introduction of development and the simplicity of the light rail transit line. In order to counteract problems induced by a non-random location of TODS, propensity score matching is used. The results indicate that LRTOD can give benefit to all TOD residents. Moreover, the effects of LRTOD on discretionary income of various types of households are not statistically significantly different. We have identified the different magnitudes of the effects of TOD between propensity score matching (PSM)-controlled and uncontrolled models. These indicate the existence of the selection bias of TOD implementation, justifying the adoption of the PSM method.

Estimation of errors in determining corrosion grain sizes by analysis of diffuse light reflection signal

The approaches to estimation of lower boundary of the inverse problem solution error concerning the sizing the corrosion micro defects inside the submillimeter corrosion spots has been proposed. It is assumed that pointed error depends on random location of the corrosion spots. The method based on comparison of two estimations of light diffusion reflectance sensor’s signal discrepancy. The first estimation is based on the standard deviation for the discrepancy caused by randomly located corrosion spots. The second one is based on corrosion grains’ size deviation. Also, it is found that the discrepancy based on deviations of signal peaks positions provides more stable solution for the corrosion micro defects sizes.

Pericentromere clustering in Tradescantia section Rhoeo involves self-associations of AT- and GC-rich heterochromatin fractions, is developmentally regulated, and increases during differentiation

A spectacular but poorly recognized nuclear repatterning is the association of heterochromatic domains during interphase. Using base-specific fluorescence and extended-depth-of-focus imaging, we show that the association of heterochromatic pericentromeres composed of AT- and GC-rich chromatin occurs on a large scale in cycling meiotic and somatic cells and during development in ring- and bivalent-forming Tradescantia spathacea (section Rhoeo) varieties. The mean number of pericentromere AT-rich domains per root meristem nucleus was ca. half the expected diploid number in both varieties, suggesting chromosome pairing via (peri)centromeric regions. Indeed, regular pairing of AT-rich domains was observed. The AT- and GC-rich associations in differentiated cells contributed to a significant reduction of the mean number of the corresponding foci per nucleus in relation to root meristem. Within the first 10 mm of the root, the pericentromere attraction was in progress, as if it was an active process and involved both AT- and GC-rich associations. Complying with Rabl arrangement, the pericentromeres preferentially located on one nuclear pole, clustered into diverse configurations. Among them, a strikingly regular one with 5–7 ring-arranged pericentromeric AT-rich domains may be potentially engaged in chromosome positioning during mitosis. The fluorescent pattern of pachytene meiocytes and somatic nuclei suggests the existence of a highly prescribed ring/chain type of chromocenter architecture with side-by-side arranged pericentromeric regions. The dynamics of pericentromere associations together with their non-random location within nuclei was compared with nuclear architecture in other organisms, including the widely explored Arabidopsis model.

Performance of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) with Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC)

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) has been promised for fifth generation (5G) cellular wireless network that can serve multiple users at same radio resources time, frequency, and code domains with different power levels. In this paper, we present a new simulation compression between a random location of multiple users for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) and Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) that depend on Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) and generalized the suggested joint user pairing for NOMA and beyond cellular networks. Cell throughput and Energy Efficiency (EE) are gained are developed for all active NOMA user in suggested model. Simulation results clarify the cell throughput for NOMA gained 7 Mpbs over OMA system in two different scenarios deployed users (3 and 4). We gain an attains Energy Efficiency (EE) among the weak power users and the stronger power users.

Microsaccades during high speed continuous visual search

Here, we provide an analysis of the microsaccades that occurred during continuous visual search and targeting of small faces that we pasted either into cluttered background photos or into a simple gray background. Subjects continuously used their eyes to target singular 3-degree upright or inverted faces in changing scenes. As soon as the participant’s gaze reached the target face, a new face was displayed in a different and random location. Regardless of the experimental context (e.g. background scene, no background scene), or target eccentricity (from 4 to 20 degrees of visual angle), we found that the microsaccade rate dropped to near zero levels within only 12 milliseconds after stimulus onset. There were almost never any microsaccades after stimulus onset and before the first saccade to the face. One subject completed 118 consecutive trials without a single microsaccade. However, in about 20% of the trials, there was a single microsaccade that occurred almost immediately after the preceding saccade’s offset. These microsaccades were task oriented because their facial landmark targeting distributions matched those of saccades within both the upright and inverted face conditions. Our findings show that a single feedforward pass through the visual hierarchy for each stimulus is likely all that is needed to effectuate prolonged continuous visual search. In addition, we provide evidence that microsaccades can serve perceptual functions like correcting saccades or effectuating task-oriented goals during continuous visual search.

An IoT Based Efficient Waste Collection System with Smart Bins

<div>Waste collection and management is an integrated</div><div>part of both city and village life. Lack of optimized and efficient waste collection system vastly affect public health and costs more. The prevailing traditional waste collection system is neither optimized nor efficient. Internet of Things (IoT) has been playing a great role in making human life easier by making systems smart, adequate and self sufficient. Thus, this paper proposes an IoT based efficient waste collection system with smart bins. It does real-time monitoring of the waste bins and determines which bins are to emptied in every cycle of waste collection. The system</div><div>also presents an enhanced navigation system that shows the best route to collect wastes from the selected bins. Four waste bins are assumed in the city of Mount Pleasant, Michigan at random location. The proposed system decreases the travel distance by 30.76% on an average in the assumed scenario, compared to the traditional waste collection system. Thus it reduces the fuel cost and human labor making the system optimized and efficient by enabling real-time monitoring and enhanced navigation.</div>

An IoT Based Efficient Waste Collection System with Smart Bins

<div>Waste collection and management is an integrated</div><div>part of both city and village life. Lack of optimized and efficient waste collection system vastly affect public health and costs more. The prevailing traditional waste collection system is neither optimized nor efficient. Internet of Things (IoT) has been playing a great role in making human life easier by making systems smart, adequate and self sufficient. Thus, this paper proposes an IoT based efficient waste collection system with smart bins. It does real-time monitoring of the waste bins and determines which bins are to emptied in every cycle of waste collection. The system</div><div>also presents an enhanced navigation system that shows the best route to collect wastes from the selected bins. Four waste bins are assumed in the city of Mount Pleasant, Michigan at random location. The proposed system decreases the travel distance by 30.76% on an average in the assumed scenario, compared to the traditional waste collection system. Thus it reduces the fuel cost and human labor making the system optimized and efficient by enabling real-time monitoring and enhanced navigation.</div>