Auditory and Visual Perceptual Behavioral Function of Neurologically Impaired Children

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
David A. Sabatino
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Language Model ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Neurologically Impaired ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Perceptual Function

The assessment of visual perception has become a very common means of studying those behaviors felt to be associated with neurological impairment. The question of the relationship of auditory-perceptual behaviors to visual-perceptual function and neurological impairment frequently goes unanswered. These data indicate that auditory and visual perception are different human behaviors. Auditory perception is a global complex set of behaviors that can be differentially assessed. The receptive language model and the Experimental Test of Auditory Perception (TAP) permit identification of neurologically impaired and normal (matched control) children.

The Construction and Assessment of an Experimental Test of Auditory Perception

1969 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 729-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Sabatino
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Language Model ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Neurologically Impaired ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perceptual Function

The assessment of visual perception has become a very common means of studying those behaviors felt to be associated with neurological impairment. Visual perception is only one behavior that may be interfered with due to CNS impairment. The question of the relationship of auditory perceptual behaviors to visual perceptual function and neurological impairment frequently goes unanswered. The data from this study show that auditory and visual perception are abstract human behaviors. Auditory perception is a global complex set of behaviors that can be differentiated for assessment. The receptive language model and the Experimental Test of Auditory Perception (TAP) have shown an ability to differentiate neurologically impaired from normal (matched control) subjects.

The Psychologist-Educator Views the Relationship of Vision to Reading and Related Learning Disabilities

1981 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 565-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules C. Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Visual Defects ◽  
Considerable Controversy ◽  
Visual Problems ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The role of visual problems in learning disability has been a source of considerable controversy for many years. One major issue in the continuing argument is the frequent confusion of labels and concepts in the visual field. It is important to view vision as a psychophysiologic mechanism and to differentiate it from a mechanistic orientation emphasizing the eyes. Most visual problems related to learning disability represent a breakdown in the ability of the eyes to function in an harmonious fashion, that is, some interference in binocular function. While visual defects should not be confused with defects in visual perception, the identification and treatment of visual problems is an important element in the diagnosis and remediation of learning disabilities.

The relationship of delay of gratification and time comprehension in 4-year-old children

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Zmyj
Keyword(s):  
Delay Of Gratification ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
Chance Level ◽  
Running Time ◽  
Comprehension Task ◽  
Prepotent Response ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

In a typical delay-of-gratification task, children have the choice between eating a small amount of treats immediately and waiting in order to receive a larger number of treats. To date, it has not been investigated whether children’s time comprehension is related to the ability to wait for the larger number of treats. Time comprehension can be tested by presenting children with three hourglasses containing different amounts of sand and asking them about the running time of the hourglasses (e.g., “Which hourglass will finish first?”). In this study, 75 four-year-old children were tested with a delay-of-gratification task, a time comprehension task, and a receptive language task. Children who ate the treat immediately in the delay-of-gratification task did not perform above chance level in the time comprehension task. In contrast, children who waited in the delay-of-gratification task, either for some time or until the end of the task, did perform above chance level. Correlation analyses revealed that performance in the time comprehension task and in the delay-of-gratification task correlated even after controlling for receptive language ability. Thus, children’s time comprehension is related to their ability to delay a prepotent response. The nature of this correlation is discussed.

A Pendulum Phenomenon in the Visual Perception of Apparent Movement

1952 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. L. Hall ◽  
A. E. Earle ◽  
T. G. Crookes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Apparent Movement ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Perceptual Process ◽  
Light Stimuli ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In setting up an apparatus for studying the phenomenon of apparent movement it was noticed that, when a metronome was employed for making the electrical contacts in the light-circuits, the path of apparent movement between the two lights was curved instead of straight. This deviation could not be attributed to the presence of any distorting structure in the visual field, and an experimental investigation of the conditions of the phenomenon was begun. So far five different display conditions have each been observed by ten or eleven subjects individually. No subject saw more than one condition in the experimental series, and their reports indicate that the following factors, in order of importance, are effective in leading to the perception of curved apparent movement: (1) the shape of the light-stimuli, (2) the regularity of the rhythm of presentation, (3) the gradient of brightening and dimming of the lights and (4) the sound of the metronome in synchrony with the appearance of the lights. The possible role of past experience in the perceptual process, and the relationship of this “pendular” phenomenon to Johansson's (1950) “wandering” phenomenon and to normal stroboscopic movement, are briefly discussed.

An Evaluation of Recent Trends in Preschool Programming for Hearing-Impaired Children

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Reich Musselman ◽  
Peter H. Lindsay ◽  
Anne Keeton Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Communication Mode ◽  
Program Type ◽  
Total Communication ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Educational Variables ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Impaired Children

A longitudinal study was conducted of 139 children with severe and profound hearing losses. The children were between 3 and 5 years of age at the commencement of the 4-year study. The relationship of several background and educational variables with the linguistic, academic, and social development of the children was investigated. Age, hearing loss, and intelligence were related to most of the dependent measures. Relationships involving communication mode (auditory/oral vs. total communication) varied with the measure being considered. The variable of program type (individual vs. group) interacted with the degree of hearing loss and with communication mode. Although early intervention was related to certain dependent measures, no relationships were found that involved direct instruction by parents or integration.

scholarly journals Gastric Flora in Gastrostomy Fed Children with Neurological Impairment on Antacid Medication

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Bradley De Souza ◽  
Susan E. Richardson ◽  
Eyal Cohen ◽  
Sanjay Mahant ◽  
Yaron Avitzur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspiration Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Gastric Ph ◽  
Neurologically Impaired ◽  
Neurologically Impaired Children ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Impaired Children

This prospective cohort study aimed to: (1) describe types, concentrations and sensitivity profiles of bacteria found in gastric aspirates of neurologically impaired children; (2) compare flora between outpatients and those admitted with aspiration pneumonia; and (3) examine predictors of bacterial colonization. Gastric aspirates from gastrostomy fed, neurologically impaired children on antacid medication were measured for pH and sent for microbiological testing. The outpatient arm included 26 children at their baseline; the inpatient arm included 31 children with a clinical diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia. Descriptive statistics summarized the ecology and resistance patterns of microbial flora. Predictors of total bacterial colonization were explored with linear regression. High concentrations of potentially pathogenic fecal-type bacteria were detected in 50/57 (88%) gastric aspirates. pH was found to be the only predictor of bacterial growth; children with gastric pH ≥ 4 had significantly higher concentrations of aerobic growth, while those with no bacterial growth had a pH < 4. Further studies to evaluate optimal gastric pH, the role of gastric bacteria in causing aspiration pneumonia, and the optimal empiric therapy for aspiration pneumonia are recommended.

scholarly journals Reduced Laryngeal Sensitivity and its Association with Dysphagia and Cough in Children with Neurological Impairment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Freitag ◽  
Pia Tews ◽  
Nicole Hübl ◽  
Katrin Krug ◽  
Julia Kristin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Control Cohort ◽  
Endoscopic Evaluation ◽  
Neurologically Impaired ◽  
Airway Reflex ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Different Levels

Background Silent aspirations are frequent in children with neurological impairment. They dramatically increase the risk for acute and chronic respiratory insufficiencies leading to high morbidity and mortality. Laryngeal sensitivity deficits have been linked to aspirations in adults and are a suspected cause for dysphagia in children. In a similar neurological circuit as swallowing, laryngeal receptors trigger coughing as a protective airway reflex. The aim of this study was to examine the association between reduced laryngeal sensitivity, aspiration and coughing in neurologically impaired children. Design and Methods In a retrospective study, 110 children with suspected dysphagia who received a clinical evaluation of swallowing and a flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) between 2013 and 2019 in the children’s university clinic Düsseldorf were analyzed. Laryngeal sensitivity was tested by the endoscopic touch method. Fifty-four patients (49.1%) had neurological impairments, 56 patients (5.9%) had no or other comorbidities and served as a control cohort. Associations were computed using χ2-test. Results Children with neurological impairment suffered from laryngeal sensory deficit significantly more often and seemed to cough less frequently than children with no or other comorbidities. Reduced laryngeal sensitivity could not be correlated to less coughing. Coughing acted as a predictor of aspiration only in the neurologically impaired group of children with reduced laryngeal sensitivity. Conclusion Reduced laryngeal sensitivity is a potential cause of silent aspirations in children with neurological impairment. However, reduced laryngeal sensitivity did not lead to significantly less coughing which might be due to a lack of discrimination between different levels of sensitivity deficits by the endoscopic touch.

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