Concept and Verbal Ability as Related to the Cerebral Hemispheres

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman D. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Cooperative Interaction ◽  
Goal State ◽  
Error Detector ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Functions

A new theory of human brain function is outlined in terms of the cooperative interaction of the cerebral hemispheres. The well-established verbal, symbolic functions of the left hemisphere and the wholistic, spatial functions of the right hemisphere are seen as separate and independent manifestations of the normally integrated verbal-analytic (or “error detector”) and conceptual (or “goal state”) functions of the left and right, respectively. The relationship between the hemispheres is described in terms of the “goal-directed” system of cybernetics and then compared with related ideas previously presented by Dimond, Penfield, and Piaget.

Effects of Left and Right Cerebral Lesions on the Naming Process

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis M. Nehemkis ◽  
Peter M. Lewinsohn
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Semantic Interference ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Right Hemisphere Damage ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

This experiment tested two major hypotheses: (1) Left hemisphere damage will have a more adverse effect on the naming process than on the ability to read and (2) increments in semantic interference will disrupt the performance of patients with left-hemisphere damage more than that of patients with right-hemisphere damage. Patients with left cerebral lesions consistently performed more poorly than the right-hemisphere-damage patients across all stimulus and response conditions. Aphasic lefts had more difficulty with naming than with reading. Hypothesis 2 was not supported. The findings are discussed with reference to the adequacy of the “verbal-nonverbal” dichotomy for describing functional differences between the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

Bihemispheric Language: How the Two Hemispheres Collaborate in the Processing of Language

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman D. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Linguistic Processing ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
The Right

Speech production in most people is strongly lateralized to the left hemisphere (LH), but language understanding is generally a bilateral activity. At every level of linguistic processing that has been investigated experimentally, the right hemisphere (RH) has been found to make characteristic contributions, from the processing of the affective aspects of intonation, through the appreciation of word connotations, the decoding of the meaning of metaphors and figures of speech, to the understanding of the overall coherency of verbal humour, paragraphs and short stories. If both hemispheres are indeed engaged in linguistic decoding and both processes are required to achieve a normal level of understanding, a central question concerns how the separate language functions on the left and right are integrated. This chapter reviews relevant studies on the hemispheric contributions to language processing and the role of interhemispheric communications in cognition.

Right-Hemisphere Linguistic Functioning

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caven S. McLoughlin ◽  
Patricia J. McLoughlin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Linguistic Processing ◽  
Language Functioning ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Processing Abilities ◽  
Left And Right

This review examined the linguistic processing abilities and potential of adults' nondominant hemisphere. Relevant literature was reviewed for experimental evidence of qualitative and quantitative differences in language functioning between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Selected studies representing typical methodologies and subjects were included.

Right hemisphere speech perception revealed by amobarbital injection and electrical interference

Neurology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Boatman ◽  
J. Hart ◽  
R. P. Lesser ◽  
N. Honeycutt ◽  
N. B. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Sodium Amobarbital ◽  
The Right ◽  
Electrical Interference

Objective: To investigate the right hemispheric speech perception capabilities of an adult right-handed patient with seizures.Methods: Consecutive, unilateral, intracarotid sodium amobarbital injections and left hemispheric electrical interference mapping were used to determine lateralization and localization of speech perception, measured as syllable discrimination.Results: Syllable discrimination remained intact after left and right intracarotid sodium amobarbital injections. Language otherwise strongly lateralized to the left hemisphere. Despite evidence of bilateral speech perception capabilities, electrical interference testing in the left posterior temporal lobe impaired syllable discrimination.Conclusions: The results suggest a functionally symmetric, parallel system in the adult brain with preferential use of left hemispheric pathways for speech perception.

Postnatal Development of a Left-Right Atrial Pressure Gradient

1956 ◽  
Vol 186 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Harreveld ◽  
F. E. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Equal Thickness

The mean left and right atrial pressures were measured in six groups of 10 kittens each. One group was examined between the 12th and 24th hour after birth, one group after 3 days, after 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month and 2 months. The left and right atrial pressures were almost equal in the first group. With age an increasing left to right pressure gradient developed. In the oldest group the pressure in the left atrium was almost twice as great as in the right. Parallel with the pressure gradient a difference developed in the wall thicknesses of the left and right ventricles. At birth the ventricular walls were of about equal thickness; at age 2 months the left ventricle wall was more than twice as thick as the right. The relationship between ventricle wall thicknesses and atrial pressures is discussed.

Hemispheric Asymmetries in a Signal Detection Task

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Andreassi ◽  
Charles S. Rebert ◽  
Ferol F. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Verbal Stimulus ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Central Fixation

Reaction time and signal detection performance were measured during a 78-min. vigilance task. 12 right-handed male subjects served in two experimental sessions. Subjects focused on a central fixation point and responded to signals presented at unpredictable times in one of three locations: 2.5° to right of central fixation, central, and 2.5° to the left of center. Subjects decided whether to press a response key with either the left or right hand with each presentation. Over-all vigilance performance (signal detections and response time) was similar for left and right visual-field presentations. Evidence from reaction times indicated that responses controlled by the left hemisphere were faster to a verbal stimulus (T) while reactions controlled by the right hemisphere were faster to an apparent non-verbal stimulus, an inverted T.

scholarly journals Unexpected Reading Dissociation in a Brazilian “nisei” with Crossed Aphasia

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Caramelli ◽  
M. A. M. P. Parente ◽  
M. L. Hosogi ◽  
M. Bois ◽  
A. R. Lecours
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Crossed Aphasia ◽  
The Right ◽  
Reading Impairments

There is an increased interest in reading impairments in the Japanese language, due to its particular writing system which includes two different scripts, Kanji (logograms) and Kana (phonograms). Reading dissociations between Kanji and Kana have been described, showing that each system is processed differently by the cerebral hemispheres. We describe the case of a 68 year old Brazilian “nisei” (i.e. born from Japanese parents) who had knowledge of both Japanese and Portuguese. He presented an ischemic stroke affecting the right hemisphere and subsequently developed a Broca's aphasia and an unexpected reading dissociation, with an impairment in Kana reading comprehension and a good performance in Kanji and in Portuguese. These findings suggest that the patient's right and left hemispheres have assumed opposite roles not only for oral but also for written language decodification.

Cortical Representation of Swallowing: A Modified Dual Task Paradigm

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1029-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie K. Daniels ◽  
David M. Corey ◽  
Cristen L. Barnes ◽  
Nikki M. Faucheaux ◽  
Daniel H. Priestly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Left Index Finger ◽  
Cortical Representation ◽  
Word Repetition ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

It is unclear whether the cortical representation of swallowing is lateralized to the left cerebral hemisphere, right hemisphere, or bilaterally represented. As dysphagia is common in acute stroke, it is important to elucidate swallowing lateralization to facilitate earlier detection of stroke patients who may be at greater risk for dysphagia and aspiration. In this study, a modified dual task paradigm was designed to study laterality of swallowing in a group of 14 healthy, young, right-handed, male adults. The subjects were studied at baseline and with interference. Baseline conditions, performed separately, were continuous swallowing, finger tapping using the right and left index fingers, and word repetition. Interference tasks, including tapping with the right index finger, tapping with the left index finger, and word repetition, were completed with and without swallowing. Finger-tapping rate was measured, and x-ray samples of the swallowing task were taped to measure swallowing rate and volume swallowed. At baseline, the rate of tapping the right index finger was significantly faster than that of the left index finger. There was a significant decline in the tapping rates of both left and right index fingers with swallowing interference. The volume per swallow was significantly reduced during the interfering language task of silent repetition. These results offer partial support for a bilateral representation of swallowing as well as suggest an important left hemispheric contribution to swallowing. However, it cannot be concluded that the left hemisphere is more important than the right, as a comparable right hemisphere task was not studied.

scholarly journals Drawing with the Non-dominant Hand: Implications for the Study of Construction

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherma Zacharias ◽  
Andrew Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right And Left Hand

ABSTRACT:Background:Constructional impairment following left vs. right hemisphere damage has been extensively studied using drawing tasks. A confounding factor in these studies is that right-handed patients with left hemisphere damage (LHD) are often forced by weakness to use their non-dominant (left) hand or hemiparetic dominant hand. Qualitative differences in the drawing characteristics of left and right hand drawings by normal subjects have not previously been characterized. The present study was undertaken to determine the qualitative differences between left and right hand drawings of normal subjects.Methods:Thirty right-handed, elderly subjects without a history of neurological disease were asked to draw, from memory, seven objects using the right and left hand. Half of the subjects were randomly assigned to draw with the left hand first, and half the right hand first. Right and left hand drawings were compared using a standardized scoring system utilized in several previous studies of drawing in focal and diffuse neurological disease. Each drawing was scored on eighteen criteria. Right and left hand drawing scores were then compared using the t-test for paired samples or the Wilcoxon matched-pairs testResults:Drawings made using the left hand were found to be significantly simpler, more tremulous and of poorer overall quality than drawings made by the same subjects using the right hand.Conclusions:The deficits found in left versus right hand drawings of normals are similar to those found in patients with LHD, suggesting that much of the drawing impairment seen following LHD is due to an elementary motor disturbance related to use of the non-dominant hand.

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