Effects of Visual Accessibility and Hand Restraint on Fluency of Gesticulator and Effectiveness of Message

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 925-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen P. Lickiss ◽  
A. Rodney Wellens
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Hand Gestures ◽  
Visual Presence ◽  
Speech Disfluency ◽  
Verbal Output

The role of hand gestures in human communication was examined in an experiment that manipulated communicator-receiver visual accessibility and freedom of the communicator's hand movements. While gesturing occurred primarily during periods of speech rather than silence, the visual availability of 10 speakers' hand gestures did not significantly enhance receivers' ability to decode and act upon task-related messages. Hand restraint did not significantly affect speakers' verbal fluency or total verbal output. The mere visual presence of an interactant had a greater impact on speech disfluency than did hand restraint.

Body Movement and Verbal Encoding in the Congenitally Blind

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Blass ◽  
Norbert Freedman ◽  
Irving Steingart
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Congenitally Blind ◽  
Continuous Body ◽  
Blind Individuals

The purpose of the study was to examine the prevalence of object- and body-focused hand movements of the congenitally blind individuals engaged in an encoding task and to determine the relation of these movements to verbal performance. Ten Ss participated in a 5-min. videotaped monologue. The video portion was coded for hand movements using Freedman's categories of analysis. The audio portion was scored for grammatical complexity according to a system developed by Steingart and Freedman. It was found that: (1) Blind Ss engaged only in body-focused movements; object-focused movements were almost completely absent. (2) Blind Ss displayed significantly greater amounts of body-focused (primarily finger-to-hand) movements than a group of sighted Ss observed in a previous study. (3) There was a correlation of .51 between finger-to-hand movements and verbal fluency and a correlation of –.53 between body-touching and verbal fluency. (4) Ss with a prevalence of finger-to-hand movements showed significantly greater language skill at encoding complex sentences which portray descriptions of patterned, interrelationships among experiences, while Ss with a predominance of continuous body touching gave a less skillful language product in this regard. The findings indicate the central role of motor activity in ongoing thought construction. They also indicate that for the blind, finger-to-hand motions contribute to the evocation of sensory experiences as a necessary pre-condition for linguistic representation.

scholarly journals The Role of Synchrony and Ambiguity in Speech–Gesture Integration during Comprehension

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1845-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boukje Habets ◽  
Sotaro Kita ◽  
Zeshu Shao ◽  
Asli Özyurek ◽  
Peter Hagoort
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Integration ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Hand Gestures ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Speech Segments

During face-to-face communication, one does not only hear speech but also see a speaker's communicative hand movements. It has been shown that such hand gestures play an important role in communication where the two modalities influence each other's interpretation. A gesture typically temporally overlaps with coexpressive speech, but the gesture is often initiated before (but not after) the coexpressive speech. The present ERP study investigated what degree of asynchrony in the speech and gesture onsets are optimal for semantic integration of the concurrent gesture and speech. Videos of a person gesturing were combined with speech segments that were either semantically congruent or incongruent with the gesture. Although gesture and speech always overlapped in time, gesture and speech were presented with three different degrees of asynchrony. In the SOA 0 condition, the gesture onset and the speech onset were simultaneous. In the SOA 160 and 360 conditions, speech was delayed by 160 and 360 msec, respectively. ERPs time locked to speech onset showed a significant difference between semantically congruent versus incongruent gesture–speech combinations on the N400 for the SOA 0 and 160 conditions. No significant difference was found for the SOA 360 condition. These results imply that speech and gesture are integrated most efficiently when the differences in onsets do not exceed a certain time span because of the fact that iconic gestures need speech to be disambiguated in a way relevant to the speech context.

Multifunctionality of hand gestures and material conduct during closing argument

Gesture ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Matoesian ◽  
Kristin Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Hand Gestures ◽  
Adversarial System ◽  
Closing Argument ◽  
Speech Performance ◽  
Crucial Part

Closing argument represents the most crucial part of the adversarial system of justice. For attorneys, it provides an opportunity to showcase their persuasive skills through the full range of semiotic resources at their disposal. While studies of legal discourse have examined speech performance, few studies, if any, have analyzed how speech integrates with gesture and material conduct in the production of persuasive oratory. This work demonstrates the role of multimodal and material action in concert with speech and how an attorney employs hand movements, material objects, and speech to reinforce significant points of evidence for the jury. More theoretically, we demonstrate how beat gestures and material objects synchronize with speech to not only accentuate rhythm and foreground points of evidential significance but, at certain moments, invoke semantic imagery as well.

Music and Gesture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Zbikowski
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Charlie Chaplin ◽  
Swing Time ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the relationship between music and physical gesture, drawing on recent research on the spontaneous gestures that accompany speech. Such gestures appear to be motivated by thought processes that are independent from speech and that in many cases offer analogs for dynamic processes. The chapter outlines the infrastructure for human communication that supports language and gesture as well as music. This outline provides a framework for exploring how music and gesture are similar and for how they are different. These comparisons are made through analyses of the movements Fred Astaire makes while accompanying himself at the piano in the 1936 film Swing Time and those Charlie Chaplin makes to Brahms’s Hungarian Dance No. 5 in the 1941 film The Great Dictator. These analyses further explicate the role of syntactic processes and syntactic layers in musical grammar and introduce referential frameworks, which serve as perceptual anchors for syntactic processes.

The role of language ability in verbal fluency of individuals with multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 102846
Author(s):  
Amy L. Lebkuecher ◽  
Nancy D. Chiaravalloti ◽  
Lauren B. Strober
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Language Ability

scholarly journals Deixis as a Significant Element of Human Communication

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2 (6)) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Yelena Yerznkyan
Keyword(s):  
Human Communication ◽  
Significant Element

The article attempts to reveal the semantic characteristics of deixis that determine the role of deictic words in the process of communication. Deixis is viewed as a means of linguistic nomination that points out the main elements of the communication act – the place, time, the speaker and the hearer. Deictic words link two different situations – content (what is stated) and speech, extralinguistic (when, where, and by whom the communication is realized).

scholarly journals Natural Leaders: Some interlocutors elicit greater convergence across conversations and across characteristics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uriel Cohen Priva ◽  
Chelsea Sanker
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Large Scale Study ◽  
Different Characteristics

Are there natural followers in human communication, speakers who consistently converge more than others? Similarly, are there natural leaders, speakers with whom others converge more? Are such tendencies consistent across different linguistic characteristics? We use the Switchboard Corpus, a large collection of telephone conversations, to perform a large-scale study of convergence of speakers in multiple conversations with different interlocutors, across six linguistic characteristics. Having data from each speaker in several conversations makes it possible to investigate whether there are individual differences in likelihood to converge, among speakers (more or less likely to converge), and among interlocutors (more or less likely to elicit convergence). We only find evidence for individual differences by interlocutor, not by speaker; this shows that there are natural leaders, who elicit greater degrees of convergence than others, across different characteristics and different conversations. The absence of a similar finding for natural followers, speakers who converge more than others, suggests that the role of social aspects in mediating convergence is stronger than that of putative individual differences in propensity to converge, or that such propensities are characteristic-specific.

The role of conversational hand gestures in a narrative task

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Jacobs ◽  
Alan Garnham
Keyword(s):  
Hand Gestures

Creativity in Children: The Role of Child Abuse, Socio-Economic Status and Age

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhay Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Creative Development ◽  
Abused Children ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Verbal Creativity

Present study endeavored to investigate the role of child abuse, socio-economic status and age in creative development of children. A 2x3x3 factorial design with two groups (abused and non-abused), socio-economic status (High, Middle, Low) and three age group (Childs i.e., 6 – 10 Yrs., Preadolescents i.e., 11 – 14 Yrs. & Adolescents i.e., 15 – 18 Yrs.). A total of 90 children from Gorakhpur belonging to deferent strata of society participated as respondents. Child abuse checklist (Pandey, 2002) was used to determine various forms of abused and non-abused cases, and to determine the deferent forms of creativity in children, verbal and non-verbal tests of creative  thinking (Mehdi, 1973)  was also used. Results revealed that the level of creativity varied across different group of children. Moreover, abused children were found inferior on verbal fluency, verbal flexibility, elaboration N (picture), elaboration V (title), originality N (picture), and originality V (title) than non-abused children. Low SES children achieved poor on verbal related fluency, flexibility, originality as well as non-verbal related elaboration N (picture), elaboration V (title), originality N (picture), and originality V (title) than middle and high SES. Furthermore, Childs scored very poor on various dimensions of verbal and non-verbal creativity than pre-adolescents and adolescents respectively. Results have been discussed in the light of individual and social factors

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