scholarly journals Deixis as a Significant Element of Human Communication

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2 (6)) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Yelena Yerznkyan
Keyword(s):  
Human Communication ◽  
Significant Element

The article attempts to reveal the semantic characteristics of deixis that determine the role of deictic words in the process of communication. Deixis is viewed as a means of linguistic nomination that points out the main elements of the communication act – the place, time, the speaker and the hearer. Deictic words link two different situations – content (what is stated) and speech, extralinguistic (when, where, and by whom the communication is realized).

Music and Gesture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Zbikowski
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Charlie Chaplin ◽  
Swing Time ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the relationship between music and physical gesture, drawing on recent research on the spontaneous gestures that accompany speech. Such gestures appear to be motivated by thought processes that are independent from speech and that in many cases offer analogs for dynamic processes. The chapter outlines the infrastructure for human communication that supports language and gesture as well as music. This outline provides a framework for exploring how music and gesture are similar and for how they are different. These comparisons are made through analyses of the movements Fred Astaire makes while accompanying himself at the piano in the 1936 film Swing Time and those Charlie Chaplin makes to Brahms’s Hungarian Dance No. 5 in the 1941 film The Great Dictator. These analyses further explicate the role of syntactic processes and syntactic layers in musical grammar and introduce referential frameworks, which serve as perceptual anchors for syntactic processes.

scholarly journals Natural Leaders: Some interlocutors elicit greater convergence across conversations and across characteristics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uriel Cohen Priva ◽  
Chelsea Sanker
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Large Scale Study ◽  
Different Characteristics

Are there natural followers in human communication, speakers who consistently converge more than others? Similarly, are there natural leaders, speakers with whom others converge more? Are such tendencies consistent across different linguistic characteristics? We use the Switchboard Corpus, a large collection of telephone conversations, to perform a large-scale study of convergence of speakers in multiple conversations with different interlocutors, across six linguistic characteristics. Having data from each speaker in several conversations makes it possible to investigate whether there are individual differences in likelihood to converge, among speakers (more or less likely to converge), and among interlocutors (more or less likely to elicit convergence). We only find evidence for individual differences by interlocutor, not by speaker; this shows that there are natural leaders, who elicit greater degrees of convergence than others, across different characteristics and different conversations. The absence of a similar finding for natural followers, speakers who converge more than others, suggests that the role of social aspects in mediating convergence is stronger than that of putative individual differences in propensity to converge, or that such propensities are characteristic-specific.

Metaphors in Business Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-153
Author(s):  
Sunny Rai ◽  
Shampa Chakraverty ◽  
Devendra Kumar Tayal
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
The World ◽  
Figure Of Speech ◽  
Domain Concept

Commercial advertisements, social campaigns, and ubiquitous online reviews are a few non-literary domains where creative text is profusely embedded to capture a viewer's imagination. Recent AI business applications such as chatbots and interactive digital campaigns emphasise the need to process creative text for a seamless and fulfilling user experience. Figurative text in human communication conveys implicit perceptions and unspoken emotions. Metaphor is one such figure of speech that maps a latent idea in a target domain to an evocative concept from a source domain. This chapter explores the problem of computational metaphor interpretation through the glass of subjectivity. The world wide web is mined to learn about the source domain concept. Ekman emotion categories and pretrained word embeddings are used to model the subjectivity. The performance evaluation is performed to determine the reader's preference for emotive vs non emotive meanings. This chapter establishes the role of subjectivity and user inclination towards the meaning that fits in their existing cognitive schema.

Extended Enterprise Integration vs. Market B2B Integration

2010 ◽  
pp. 578-586
Author(s):  
Frank G. Goethals ◽  
Wilfried Lemanhieu ◽  
Monique Snoeck
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Organization Theory ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Extended Enterprise ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Enterprise Integration ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
It Department ◽  
Business To Business

The human communication processes that are involved in analyzing and designing a business and in designing, implementing, and maintaining information systems are affected by the fact that the information technology (IT) department of one company nowadays has to create software to fulfill requirements of people not only in their own company but in other companies too. In this context, the term “extended enterprise” is often used. The concept “extended enterprise” is, however, not unequivocally defined. This article first discusses the concept of the extended enterprise and opposes this form of economic organization to the two other basic forms of economic organization, namely, the firm and the market. Next, we derive from organization theory (see, e.g., Hatch, 1997; Morgan, 1996) two basic types of business-to-business integration (B2Bi), namely, extended enterprise integration and market B2Bi. We show that the extended enterprise constitutes a specific context within which information systems are being developed, integrated, and maintained, and that this context allows for/needs specific ways of integration. We discuss the role of standards and coordination for both types of B2Bi.

Populist Human-Computer Interface

2022 ◽  
pp. 165-182
Author(s):  
Emma Yann Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Computer Interface ◽  
Human Computer Interface ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Imitation Game ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Alan Turing ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Female Player ◽  
Wide Range

With advances in HCI and AI, and increasing prevalence of commercial social robots and chatbots, humans are communicating with computer interfaces for various applications in a wide range of settings. Kissenger is designed to bring HCI to the populist masses. In order to investigate the role of robotic kissing using the Kissenger device in HCI, the authors conducted a modified version of the imitation game described by Alan Turing by including the use of the kissing machine. Results show that robotic kissing has no effect on the winning rates of the male and female players during human-human communication, but it increases the winning rate of the female player when a chatbot is involved in the game.

Mediation Analysis and Warranted Inferences in Media and Communication Research: Examining Research Design in Communication Journals From 1996 to 2017

2020 ◽  
pp. 107769902096151
Author(s):  
Michael Chan ◽  
Panfeng Hu ◽  
Macau K. F. Mak
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Communication Research ◽  
Media And Communication

The number of studies employing mediation analysis has increased exponentially in the past two decades. Focusing on research design, this study examines 387 articles in the Journal of Communication, Human Communication Research, Communication Research, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, and Media Psychology between 1996 and 2017. Findings show that while most studies report statistically significant indirect effects, they are inadequate to make causal inferences. Authors also often infer that they uncovered the “true” mediator(s) while alternative models and mediators are rarely acknowledged. Future studies should pay more attention to the role of research design and its implications for making causal inferences.

scholarly journals Whistling shares a common tongue with speech: bioacoustics from real-time MRI of the human vocal tract

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1911) ◽  
pp. 20191116
Author(s):  
Michel Belyk ◽  
Benjamin G. Schultz ◽  
Joao Correia ◽  
Deryk S. Beal ◽  
Sonja A. Kotz
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Voice

Most human communication is carried by modulations of the voice. However, a wide range of cultures has developed alternative forms of communication that make use of a whistled sound source. For example, whistling is used as a highly salient signal for capturing attention, and can have iconic cultural meanings such as the catcall, enact a formal code as in boatswain's calls or stand as a proxy for speech in whistled languages. We used real-time magnetic resonance imaging to examine the muscular control of whistling to describe a strong association between the shape of the tongue and the whistled frequency. This bioacoustic profile parallels the use of the tongue in vowel production. This is consistent with the role of whistled languages as proxies for spoken languages, in which one of the acoustical features of speech sounds is substituted with a frequency-modulated whistle. Furthermore, previous evidence that non-human apes may be capable of learning to whistle from humans suggests that these animals may have similar sensorimotor abilities to those that are used to support speech in humans.

scholarly journals Light as a visual source domain for the divine in the 17th century painting

Jezikoslovlje ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-324
Author(s):  
Janja Čulig
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Divine Presence ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Religious Paintings

The aim of this paper is to explain the motivation behind the creation of religious visual art in which light plays the role of the signifier of divine presence. We will endeavor to show that representations of light in paintings from a particular socio-cultural period and context are based on metaphorization. The meaning that arises from this metaphorization establishes a connection between depicted light and the basic conceptual metaphor KNOWING IS SEEING. Our aim is to show that the understanding of these kinds of representations by the viewer as the presence of the divine is based on the fundamental human capacity to conceptualize abstract notions through concrete ones. We propose that a visual representation of light would not be completely understandable if the viewer did not possess an inherent knowledge of basic conceptual metaphors of light. The visual material selected for this article comprises samples of 17th century religious paintings of the Western artistic tradition, in which light serves as the primary carrier of divine meaning and the central element of the composition. Our proposition is based on the conjoining of two disciplines into an interdisciplinary approach to analyzing paintings from the Baroque period. The selected theoretical framework includes Conceptual Metaphor Theory and the conceptualization of abstract notions (Lakoff & Johnson 1980; Gibbs 1994, 2008; Kövecses 2005; Forceville & Urios-Aparisi 2009; Sharifian 2011; Raffaelli 2012; Forceville 2017), as well as art-historical insights into the utilization of pictorial elements of light in the formal visual language of the Baroque (Haskell 1963; Lambert 2007; Toman 2007; Cvetnić 2007). The significance of this kind of research lies in the prospects of interdisciplinary approaches to concepts in general. This combination of scientific perspectives could enable us to approach the concept of light from a wider perspective, which could lead to a deeper understanding of the concept, its use in human communication, and its significance for the structuring of the knowledge of the world by an individual, but also by the wider socio-cultural collective to which they belong.

scholarly journals The role of cat eye narrowing movements in cat–human communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasmin Humphrey ◽  
Leanne Proops ◽  
Jemma Forman ◽  
Rebecca Spooner ◽  
Karen McComb
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Emotional Communication ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Eye Closure ◽  
Neutral Expression

Abstract Domestic animals are sensitive to human cues that facilitate inter-specific communication, including cues to emotional state. The eyes are important in signalling emotions, with the act of narrowing the eyes appearing to be associated with positive emotional communication in a range of species. This study examines the communicatory significance of a widely reported cat behaviour that involves eye narrowing, referred to as the slow blink sequence. Slow blink sequences typically involve a series of half-blinks followed by either a prolonged eye narrow or an eye closure. Our first experiment revealed that cat half-blinks and eye narrowing occurred more frequently in response to owners’ slow blink stimuli towards their cats (compared to no owner–cat interaction). In a second experiment, this time where an experimenter provided the slow blink stimulus, cats had a higher propensity to approach the experimenter after a slow blink interaction than when they had adopted a neutral expression. Collectively, our results suggest that slow blink sequences may function as a form of positive emotional communication between cats and humans.

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