Empirical Evidence for Assumptions Underlying Time Orientation in Undergraduates

1992 ◽  
Vol 74 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1171-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Fidler ◽  
Kim A. Dawson ◽  
Roy Gallant
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Unidirectional Flow ◽  
Significant Life Experience ◽  
Significant Life ◽  
Past Experiences

282 undergraduate students between 17 and 68 years of age were asked to list the 5 most significant experiences of their lives, to assign time zones to these experiences, and to provide estimates of emotional valence corresponding to each significant life experience they listed. Subjects also provided judgements of time perspective on a Life Line. The sample showed a near-past orientation and a positive emotional valence across the experiences reported. However, the first experiences reported were distant past experiences significantly more frequently than expected by chance, while the last experiences in the Experiential Inventory were significantly more often located in the distant future. While this result validates the prevailing assumption of a unidirectional flow of past to future, empirical evidence was also found for the larger magnitude and variability of future as compared with past perspective. This suggests a bidirectional model of time should be invoked to explain the differing character of the opponent temporal processes of recall and anticipation in human experience.

A New Circle of Hell: The Postwar Gulag and the Rise of the Special Camps

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Social World ◽  
Political Institution ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Life Experience ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Significant Life

This chapter takes the Gulag into the postwar era when authorities used the institution in an attempt to reassert social control. At the same time, arrivals from the newly annexed western territories and former Red Army soldiers dramatically altered the social world of the Gulag prisoner. New prisoner populations of war veterans, nationalist guerrillas, and peoples with significant life experience outside the Soviet Union provided a potentially combustible mix. The isolation and concentration of many of these prisoners in a small number of special camps raised even further the potential explosiveness of the population. The Gulag was a political institution, though, and it was only the death of the system's founder that would set off the explosions.

The Sport Experience of Athletes with Intellectual Disabilities: A National Survey of Special Olympics Athletes and Their Families

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coreen M. Harada ◽  
Gary N. Siperstein
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Special Olympics ◽  
Significant Life Experience ◽  
Significant Life ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The U.S

The purpose of this study was to examine the sport experience for athletes with intellectual disabilities (ID) who participate in Special Olympics (SO). This study included a nationally representative sample of 1,307 families and 579 athletes in the U.S., focusing on sport involvement over the lifespan and motives for participating and for leaving SO. Athletes with ID are similar to athletes without disabilities in that sport is a significant life experience. They participate in sport for fun (54%) and social interaction (21%). Like athletes without disabilities, SO athletes leave sport because of changes in interest (38%) but also because of program availability (33%). These findings suggest that we continue to document the involvement of people with ID in sports and work to expand the sport opportunities available.

A Qualitative Investigation of a Personal-Disclosure Mutual-Sharing Team Building Activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G.H. Dunn ◽  
Nicholas L. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Life Experience ◽  
Team Building ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Significant Life Experience ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Building Activity ◽  
Significant Life ◽  
Personal Disclosure

This study examined 27 male intercollegiate ice hockey players’ subjective responses to a personal-disclosure mutual-sharing team building activity (cf. Crace & Hardy, 1997; Yukelson, 1997) delivered at a national championship tournament. Athletes participated in semistructured interviews 2 to 4 weeks after the team building meetings. Results revealed that the meetings were emotionally intense, and some participants described their involvement in these meetings as a significant life experience. Participants perceived certain benefits associated with the meetings including enhanced understanding (of self and others), increased cohesion (closeness and playing for each other), and improved confidence (confidence in teammates and feelings of invincibility). Results are discussed in terms of their potential to guide future applied evaluation research of team building programs in sport.

Perspectives concerning the future when time is suspended: Analysing inmates’ discourse

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-311
Author(s):  
Renato Gomes Carvalho ◽  
Regina Capelo ◽  
Diana Nuñez
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
Life Domains ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Future Time ◽  
The Future ◽  
Male Prisoners ◽  
Relevant Factors ◽  
Future Plans

Research has shown the importance of prospective thinking in the understanding of individual behaviour across different contexts. However, there has not been extensive attention paid to individuals’ future time perspective (FTP) in non-normative contexts, such as prison, especially using qualitative research methods. In this study, we qualitatively analyse the FTP of 16 Portuguese male prisoners, ranging in age from 24 to 51 years ( M = 35, SD = 8 (idem)) and serving sentences from one to 25 years ( M = 8.6, SD = 7.3). Through content analysis of data obtained in semi-structured interviews, four main categories emerged: life prior to prison, adaptation to prison, activities in prison, and perspectives concerning the future. Considering the primary features of FTP (content, extension, valence), we determined that prisoners develop FTP in different life domains. However, the extension and emotional valence of their FTP were influenced by the sentence time and perceived social support. The results are discussed regarding the importance of counselling and of the construction of future plans in the context of prison as relevant factors for individual adaptability.

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