Factor Analysis of the WAIS—R and Verbal Memory and Visual Memory Indices of the Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised, for a Vocational Rehabilitation Sample

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Harmon ◽  
Tanya Clausen ◽  
Ralph Scott
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Memory Scale ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Three Factor

Few empirical studies have examined factor structures of responses of vocationally impaired persons, and those studies have drawn only on aptitude scores (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised: WAIS—R). Results have been inconclusive as to whether a two- or three-factor solution is more appropriate. The present work examined the factor scores of a vocational rehabilitation sample of 54 adults who had been given the WAIS—R and the Verbal Memory and Visual Memory Indices of the Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised. Analysis indicated that combining data from the two tests yields a viable three-factor solution which may contribute to the refinement of intervention strategies for vocationally vulnerable adults.

Geschlechtseffekte bei Intelligenz- und Gedächtnisleistungen

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja C. Lepach ◽  
Wiebke Reimers ◽  
Franz Pauls ◽  
Franz Petermann ◽  
Monika Daseking
Keyword(s):  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Adult Intelligence ◽  
Wechsler Memory Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Diese Studie untersucht die Zusammenhänge von Intelligenz- und Gedächtnisleistungen in der Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV und der Wechsler Memory Scale-IV unter Berücksichtigung des Geschlechts (N = 137 Gesunde, 63 w/74 m). Ein Vorteil der weiblichen Testpersonen im verbalen episodischen Gedächtnis sowie in einzelnen Aufgaben zur Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit konnte beobachtet werden. Die männlichen Testpersonen schnitten in den Untertests Allgemeines Wissen und Visuelle Puzzles besser ab. Wie gut Gedächtnisleistungen Intelligenzleistungen erklären beziehungsweise vorhersagen, ist aufgrund unserer Ergebnisse nicht nur abhängig von den Aufgaben, sondern auch vom Geschlecht.

Impact of Cognitive Function on MMPI-2 Validity in Neurologically Impaired Patients

Assessment ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiley Mittenberg ◽  
Geoffrey Tremont ◽  
Katrina R. Rayls
Keyword(s):  
Validity Scales ◽  
Neurologically Impaired ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Memory Scale ◽  
Central Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Attention Impairment ◽  
Valid Information

The Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised (WMS-R), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R), and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Invcntory-2 (MMPI-2) were completed by 88 outpatients at a neuropsychology clinic who had diagnoses of central nervous system dysfunction. Extent of IQ, memory, or attention impairment were associated with elevations on MMPI-2 validity scales. Magnitude of estimated IQ loss separated valid from invalid profile groups more clearly than did obtained Full Scale IQ. Nonresponsivity to item content is probable when the patient scores below 70 on the WMS-R Memory or Attention/Concentration indexes, or earns a WAIS-R IQ that falls 20 points or more below expected premorbid level. These effects appear to be relatively independent of the patient's measured reading or intellectual levels. The MMPI-2 appears to provide valid information about the emotional status of patients with moderate and mild neurocognitive impairment.

Memory impairment following intentional self-poisoning with benzodiazepines: Should we pay more attention to attention?

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1428-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Salles ◽  
Jérémie Pariente ◽  
Laurent Schmitt ◽  
Dominique Lauque ◽  
Thomas Lanot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Psychiatric Assessment ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Cognitive Predictors ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Study hypothesis: In cases where patients attempt suicide through intentional self-poisoning, they often ingest drugs such as benzodiazepines that alter the central nervous system and memory. This is problematic, given that experts recommend the recovery of a patient’s cognitive capacity before any psychiatric assessment is conducted. A previous pilot study by our group showed that cognitive tests focusing on attention are the most valuable when it comes to determining whether sufficient cognitive recovery has occurred to ensure that patients will remember the assessment after intentional self-poisoning with benzodiazepines. The main aim of our study was to determine cognitive predictors of the recall of the psychiatric assessment after a suicide attempt. The second aim was to determine the threshold for episodic memory. Methods: We recruited 97 patients admitted for intentional self-poisoning. At the time of the psychiatric assessments, we quantified plasma benzodiazepine levels and performed a cognitive assessment. We then used a linear regression model to identify the associations in a control and a benzodiazepine group between cognitive functions and episodic memory scores obtained 24 hours after psychiatric assessment. Results: Our model accounted for 28% and 37%, respectively, of the variance in memory in the control and benzodiazepine groups. The most significant correlations were found for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale coding test in both groups. In the control group, tests such as visual and verbal memory were also associated with recall. Conclusions: Benzodiazepines particularly affect memory by impairing what is remembered of attentional tests. These are, however, the most suitable cognitive tests for predicting recall of the memory assessment.

scholarly journals A-65 Verbal Abilities May Influence Performance in Assessment of Verbal Short-Term Memory Tasks

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 925-925
Author(s):  
A Guerra ◽  
J Moses ◽  
J Rivera ◽  
M Davis ◽  
K Hakinson
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Verbal Abilities ◽  
Three Factor

Abstract Objective Examine whether verbal abilities may help explain the learning strategies people employ when completing a short-term verbal memory task. Methods The assessment records of 296 American Veterans with diverse neuropsychiatric conditions were analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analyses. There were no exclusion criteria. All participants completed the Benton Serial Digit Learning Test – 9 Digits (SDL-9) and Visual Naming (VisNam), Sentence Repetition (SenRep), Controlled Word Association (COWA), and Token Tests of the Multilingual Aphasia Examination (MAE). Individual assessment instruments were factored using Principal Component Analyses (PCA). A three-factor solution of the SDL-9 was co-factored with the verbal components of the MAE to identify common sources of variance. Results A three-factor solution of the SDL-9 separated trials into three overlapping factors consisting of early (SDL-9_Early), middle (SDL-9_Middle), and late (SDL-9_Late) trials. Co-factoring the three new scales with the verbal components of the MAE produced a four-factor model explaining 67.85% of the shared variance: 1) SenRep loaded with SDL-9_Early, 2) COWAT loaded with SDL-9_Middle and SDL-9_Late, 3) Token loaded with SDL-9_Late, and 4) Vis Nam loaded with SDL-9_Late. Conclusions The results suggest that individuals may engage verbal abilities differently as they progress from simpler to more difficult verbal short-term memory tasks. It appears performance in early trials is mostly associated with rote repetition and performance on middle trials is mostly associated with verbal fluency, while performance on the late trials is associated with a combination of verbal fluency, auditory comprehension, and conceptual organization/naming. This may therefore indicate a shift in learning strategy to meet increased cognitive demands.

Memory Characteristics of College Students Who Volunteer for Research

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Kreiner ◽  
Matilda Alvarado ◽  
Shawna R. Shockley
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
General Population ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Wechsler Memory Scale ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Student Volunteers ◽  
Research Volunteers ◽  
Memory Characteristics

Volunteers for psychological research can differ in important ways from nonvolunteers and from the general population. The memory abilities of a sample of 80 college student research volunteers were measured using the Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised. Compared to general population norms, the sample scored significantly higher on General Memory and Visual Memory compared to those with more than 12 years of education, the sample scored significantly lower on General Memory, Verbal Memory, and Attention but significantly higher on Visual Memory. Although results may vary at different universities, researchers should be cautious in assuming that the memory abilities of samples of college student volunteers accurately represent the population.

scholarly journals Psychosocial and clinical factors of cognitive functioning of patients with coronary heart disease after coronary stent

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.Yu. Schyolkova ◽  
D.A. Eremina
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Memory Disorders ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cerebral Pathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sick Children

Memory disorders are a common pathology in children with convulsive paroxysms. The present study tested the hypothesis that the pathology of memory in children with paroxysmal states have quantitative and qualitative specificity. The study involved 107 children aged 6–10 years. 59 people had a history of paroxysmal state, 12 people with epileptiform activity on EEG without seizures in history. A comparison group comprised 36 people with residual cerebral pathology without a history of seizures. The study used experimental psychological and neuropsychological research methods memory. The results of empirical studies have shown that increasing importance in the picture of violations mnestic activity in children with convulsive paroxysms addition to short-term verbal memory disorders have impaired short-term visual memory, the phenomenon of amnestic aphasia and modal-nonspecific memory disorders. The degree of short-term verbal memory disorders correlates with the age of onset of seizures, visual memory - with the number of attacks in history. Consideration of the results will allow to organize the process of providing psychological assistance to sick children more effectively.

Creativity and meaning: including meaning as a component of creative solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sääksjärvi ◽  
Milene Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Students ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Design Engineering ◽  
Separate Component ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
Item Scale ◽  
Three Factor

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to examine meaning as a component of creativity. We take a demand-based approach for conceptualizing meaning, and propose that it emerges from user needs instead of emerging from already existing creative solutions. Meaning is proposed as a third component of creativity, alongside novelty and usefulness. We test this proposition in a pre-study, and two empirical studies. In the pre-study, designers define creativity and provide examples of solutions that they deem creative. The results of the pre-study yield a 24-item scale for assessing creativity. Then, we conduct two empirical studies, in which we utilize the created scale for measuring creativity, and for examining the components arising thereof. In the first study, we ask creators (design engineering students) to generate ideas for one of two design briefs. Afterwards, creators were asked to rate their own creations, on the 24-item creativity scale. Here, we find a four-factor solution for creative outcomes, consisting of the dimensions novelty, usefulness, cleverness, and meaning. In the second study, we ask independent evaluators (individuals with related and relevant degrees) to assess the creators’ work on the creativity scale. Here, we find a three-factor solution for creative outcomes, consisting of the dimensions novelty, usefulness, and meaning. In both studies, meaning emerged as a separate component of creativity. Additionally, in both studies, it accounted for variance that was unaccounted for by novelty and usefulness, thereby increasing the overall explanatory power of creative solutions. These findings strongly speak of meaning as a third component of creativity.

Effect of Warning on Feigned Malingering on the Wais—R in College Samples

1998 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith L. Johnson ◽  
C. Garth Bellah ◽  
Tim Dodge ◽  
William Kelley ◽  
Mary Margaret Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Personal Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Memory Scale ◽  
Personal Injury Litigation ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Better Than

Research indicates claimant malingering of cognitive deficits to be common in personal injury litigation. Efforts have been made to either detect such tendencies or deter efforts at malingering. The present study examined whether warning people that feigned malingering efforts would be detected results in more valid profiles on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised. Undergraduates ( N = 48) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: feigned malingerers without warning, feigned malingerers with warning, and controls. Analysis indicated both feigned malingerer groups performed significantly worse than the control group; however, feigned malingerers with warning did not perform significantly better than those without warning. Unlike previous research using the Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised, results did not support effectiveness of warning in reducing feigned malingering scores.

scholarly journals Differential Classification of Dementia

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mohr ◽  
P. Brouwers ◽  
J. J. Claus ◽  
S. E. Purdon ◽  
M. Gagnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Memory Scale ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

In the absence of biological markers, dementia classification remains complex both in terms of characterization as well as early detection of the presence or absence of dementing symptoms, particularly in diseases with possible secondary dementia. An empirical, statistical approach using neuropsychological measures was therefore developed to distinguish demented from non-demented patients and to identify differential patterns of cognitive dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease. Age-scaled neurobehavioral test results (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised and Wechsler Memory Scale) from Alzheimer's (AD) and Huntington's (HD) patients, matched for intellectual disability, as well as normal controls were used to derive a classification formula. Stepwise discriminant analysis accurately (99% correct) distinguished controls from demented patients, and separated the two patient groups (79% correct). Variables discriminating between HD and AD patient groups consisted of complex psychomotor tasks, visuospatial function, attention and memory. The reliability of the classification formula was demonstrated with a new, independent sample of AD and HD patients which yielded virtually identical results (classification accuracy for dementia: 96%; AD versus HD: 78%). To validate the formula, the discriminant function was applied to Parkinson's (PD) patients, 38% of whom were classified as demented. The validity of the classification was demonstrated by significant PD subgroup differences on measures of dementia not included in the discriminant function. Moreover, a majority of demented PD patients (65%) were classified as having an HD-like pattern of cognitive deficits, in line with previous reports of the subcortical nature of PD dementia. This approach may thus be useful in classifying presence or absence of dementia and in discriminating between dementia subtypes in cases of secondary or coincidental dementia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document