Use of Magnitude-Estimation Scaling for Predicting Hemispheric Processing of Lexical Decisions

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1147-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee W. Ellis ◽  
Joan N. Kaderavek ◽  
Michael P. Rastatter
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Hemispheric Processing ◽  
Lexical Decisions ◽  
Significant Magnitude ◽  
Abstract Words

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and validity of magnitude-estimation scaling as an alternative to a traditional, somewhat more cumbersome reaction-time procedure in the assessment of hemispheric processing asymmetry. Lexical decision vocal reaction times and magnitude-estimation scaling values were obtained for 16 normal subjects to tachistoscopically presented concrete and abstract words. Analysis of variance showed identical interactions of field x stimuli for each dependent variable while all pair-wise correlations between these measures were significant. Magnitude-estimation scaling may be a sensitive measure of visual psychophysical differences in hemispheric processing and may circumvent problems with variance of latencies associated with disordered populations.

Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Lexical Decision-Making

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina R. Hale ◽  
Mark V. Gentry ◽  
Charles J. Meliska
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Smoking Abstinence ◽  
Response Accuracy ◽  
Lexical Decisions ◽  
Nicotine Delivery

10 habitual smokers, aged 19–25 yr., were randomly assigned to smoke either a very low nicotine “Placebo” cigarette (.05-mg nicotine delivery as estimated by the FTC method) or a Nicotine cigarette (.7-mg estimated nicotine delivery). Each participant was asked to abstain from smoking for 4 to 7 hr. prior to testing. After completing a presmoking test of lexical decision-making, participants smoked either a Nicotine or Placebo cigarette and were then retested for reaction times and accuracy on the lexical decision test. When presented the most difficult lexical decisions, participants responded significantly faster after smoking a Nicotine cigarette than they did before smoking; smoking a Placebo cigarette did not affect reaction times. Response accuracy was unaffected by smoking either kind of cigarette. These results suggest that smoking a nicotine cigarette may improve attention or memory retrieval after several hours of smoking abstinence.

Stability of Choice Reaction Time and Synchronicity of Peak Emg Values during Bimanual Reactions

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert De Brabander ◽  
Pol Gerits ◽  
Christophe Boone
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Measurement Period

18 volunteers of our Faculty participated in two quasi-identical experiments six months apart. Repeated measurements of reaction time and synchronicity of peak forearm EMG values during bimanual reactions are analyzed by means of analysis of variance with subjects and measurement period as factors. Using Ebel's formula, test-retest reliabilities derived from the analysis vary between .82 and .94 for reaction times on different tasks and conditions and between .75 and .92 for synchronicity of peak EMG values.

Hemispheric Processing Characteristics for Lexical Decisions in Adults with Reading Disorders

2001 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna M. Walker ◽  
Hiller Spires ◽  
Michael P. Rastatter
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Stimulus Type ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Reading Disorders ◽  
Lexical Decisions ◽  
Abstract Words ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Lexical Transfer

The present study measured unilateral tachistoscopic vocal reaction times and error responses of reading-disordered and normally reading adults to single words and nonwords in a series of lexical decision tasks at two linguistic levels (concrete and abstract words). Analysis of variance on reaction times indicated that main effects of stimulus type, visual field, and the interaction of these variables were not significant for the reading-disordered group, but visual field and an interaction of visual field and stimulus type were for the normally reading adults. Error rate showed a significant interaction of stimulus x visual field for the reading-disordered group but not for the normal reading group. Post hoc tests showed significant differences in error rates between visual fields for concrete lexicon but not for abstract or nonsense lexicon for the reading-disordered group. These findings suggest a deficit in interhemispheric lexical transfer occurs for reading-disordered samples and suggest use of a callosal relay model wherein the left hemisphere is allocated responsibility for performing central operations underlying lexical decisions by adults with reading disorders.

Emphasizing Nonword Decisions in Word-Decision Performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
C. Darren Piercey
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Instruction Condition ◽  
Decision Performance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Mean Reaction Time

A robust finding in the lexical decision literature is that decisions to words are made more quickly and accurately than decisions to nonwords. When instructions are presented to participants prior to an experiment, an emphasis is usually placed on identifying words. This study assessed whether instructing participants to emphasize nonword decisions would affect the performance of the speed and accuracy of identification. A total of 98 individuals took part, 49 in a Word Instruction condition and 49 in a Nonword Instruction condition. Analysis indicated changes in emphasis on words versus nonwords decreased the difference in mean reaction time between word and nonword decisions. An interesting finding is that the manipulation of instructions affected reaction times to words but not to nonwords. The analysis of accuracy yielded no significant comparisons. Further research is required to assess the importance of the finding that the manipulation of instructions affects only word decisions.

Vocal Reaction Times of Stuttering Subjects to Tachistoscopically Presented Concrete and Abstract Words

1987 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Rastatter ◽  
Carl Dell
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Functional Localization ◽  
Past Data ◽  
Abstract Words ◽  
The Right

The present study was an attempt to investigate further the issues pertaining to cerebral organization for visual language processing in the stuttering population. Employing a lexical decision task, vocal reaction times were obtained for a group of 14 stutterers to unilateral, tachistoscopically presented concrete and abstract words. Results of an analysis of variance showed that a significant interaction occurred between visual fields and stimuli. Posthoc tests showed that the right hemisphere was superior for analyzing the concrete words while the left hemisphere was responsible for processing the abstract items. Compared to past data from normal subjects, these findings were interpreted as suggesting that some form of linguistic competition may exist between the two hemispheres, possibly reflecting a disturbance in functional localization in the stuttering population.

Reactietijdmeting op Woorden in Verbonden Spraak

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Suzanne Paijmans-Hazenberg
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
The Other ◽  
Auditory Signal ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Context Factors

In order to test whether reaction times to auditory stimuli can be used as a measurement device for hearing impaired subjects, a criterion test was devel-oped with audiometrically normal subjects. It was hypothesized that these normal subjects would recognize a word in connected speech more slowly in an unfavourable than in a favourable sound-noise ratio. To test this hypothesis a pilot was run with this criterion test, consisting of 65 auditorily presented sentences each with a visually presented target. 25 subjects participated in the research. In one third of the sentences a significant correlation was found between S/N ratio and reaction time. The fact that no significant relationship was found in the other sentences may probably be attributed to a combination of factors like differences in individ-ual reaction times and in concentration, different context factors, but certainly also to the presentation of the targetword prior to the auditory signal. Before this test can be used on a larger scale, certain adaptations will have to be made.

Reaction Time during Walking

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-262E ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiko Sajiki ◽  
Norio Moriai ◽  
Atsushi Isagoda ◽  
Ryuichi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Arousal Level ◽  
Attentional Demands ◽  
The Difference

Reaction times (RTs) of vocalization were examined for 20 normal subjects under two conditions, standing and walking. The RT during walking was not related to the phases of walking cycle. The difference in RTs (ΔRT) was obtained by subtracting RT for standing from that of walking. The correlation coefficient between RT for standing and ΔRT was significant and negative. ΔRTs for subjects with fast RT for standing were positive, whereas those with slow RT were negative. Assuming that the arousal level when standing is different between the faster and slower reactors, the probe-RT during walking would reflect not only the extra-attentional demands of walking but also the shift in arousal.

Typewriting Rate as a Function of Reaction Time

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1179-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Hayes ◽  
G. D. Wilson ◽  
R. L. Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Instructional Methodology ◽  
Average Reaction Time ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Alphabetic Character ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

This study was designed to determine the relationship between reaction time and typewriting rate. Subjects were 24 typists ranging in age from 19 to 39 yr. Reaction times (.001 sec.) to a light were recorded for each finger and to each alphabetic character and three punctuation marks. Analysis of variance yielded significant differences in reaction time among subjects and fingers. Correlation between typewriting rate and average reaction time to the alphabetic characters and three punctuation marks was —.75. Correlation between typewriting rate and the difference between the reaction time of the hands was —.42. Factors influencing typewriting rate may include reaction time of the fingers, difference between the reaction time of the hands, and reaction time to individual keys on the typewriter. Implications exist for instructional methodology and further research.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Reaction Time and Accuracy Rate in Normal Subjects, MCI, and Dementia Using Serious Games

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Yen-Ting Chen ◽  
Chun-Ju Hou ◽  
Natan Derek ◽  
Shuo-Bin Huang ◽  
Min-Wei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Reaction Performance ◽  
State Examination

The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the differences in the reaction time and accuracy rate of three categories of subjects using our serious games. Thirty-seven subjects were divided into three groups: normal (n1 = 16), MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment) (n2 = 10), and dementia—moderate-to-severe (n3 = 11) groups based on the MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination). Two serious games were designed: (1) whack-a-mole and (2) hit-the-ball. Two dependent variables, reaction time and accuracy rate, were statistically analyzed to compare elders’ performances in the games among the three groups for three levels of speed: slow, medium, and fast. There were significance differences between the normal group, the MCI group, and the moderate-to-severe dementia group in both the reaction-time and accuracy-rate analyses. We determined that the reaction times of the MCI and dementia groups were shorter compared to those of the normal group, with poorer results also observed in accuracy rate. Therefore, we conclude that our serious games have the feasibility to evaluate reaction performance and could be used in the daily lives of elders followed by clinical treatment in the future.

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