Reactietijdmeting op Woorden in Verbonden Spraak

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Suzanne Paijmans-Hazenberg
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
The Other ◽  
Auditory Signal ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Context Factors

In order to test whether reaction times to auditory stimuli can be used as a measurement device for hearing impaired subjects, a criterion test was devel-oped with audiometrically normal subjects. It was hypothesized that these normal subjects would recognize a word in connected speech more slowly in an unfavourable than in a favourable sound-noise ratio. To test this hypothesis a pilot was run with this criterion test, consisting of 65 auditorily presented sentences each with a visually presented target. 25 subjects participated in the research. In one third of the sentences a significant correlation was found between S/N ratio and reaction time. The fact that no significant relationship was found in the other sentences may probably be attributed to a combination of factors like differences in individ-ual reaction times and in concentration, different context factors, but certainly also to the presentation of the targetword prior to the auditory signal. Before this test can be used on a larger scale, certain adaptations will have to be made.

Some Factors Affecting Reaction Times to Auditory Stimuli in Mental Patients

1954 ◽  
Vol 100 (419) ◽  
pp. 462-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. L. Hall ◽  
E. Stride
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mental Patients ◽  
Personal Equation ◽  
Work Up

A number of studies on reaction time (R.T.) latency to visual and auditory stimuli in psychotic patients has been reported since the first investigations on the personal equation were carried out. The general trends from the work up to 1943 are well summarized by Hunt (1944), while Granger's (1953) review of “Personality and visual perception” contains a summary of the studies on R.T. to visual stimuli.

Use of Magnitude-Estimation Scaling for Predicting Hemispheric Processing of Lexical Decisions

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1147-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee W. Ellis ◽  
Joan N. Kaderavek ◽  
Michael P. Rastatter
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Hemispheric Processing ◽  
Lexical Decisions ◽  
Significant Magnitude ◽  
Abstract Words

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and validity of magnitude-estimation scaling as an alternative to a traditional, somewhat more cumbersome reaction-time procedure in the assessment of hemispheric processing asymmetry. Lexical decision vocal reaction times and magnitude-estimation scaling values were obtained for 16 normal subjects to tachistoscopically presented concrete and abstract words. Analysis of variance showed identical interactions of field x stimuli for each dependent variable while all pair-wise correlations between these measures were significant. Magnitude-estimation scaling may be a sensitive measure of visual psychophysical differences in hemispheric processing and may circumvent problems with variance of latencies associated with disordered populations.

Mapping of Extracorporeal Space by Vibrotactile Reaction Times: A Far-Left-Side Disadvantage

Perception ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M Pierson-Savage ◽  
John L Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Left Part ◽  
Left And Right

Vibrotactile reaction times in normal dextrals were measured for the two hands separately when either hand was located at each of seven possible positions: 90°, 45°, and 15° to the left and right of the chest midline, and at the midline itself (0°). Reaction times for the two hands did not differ and there was no Hand by Position interaction. At 90° left, reaction times were significantly slower than at any other position except 45° right. However, none of the other positions, including 45° right, differed from each other. Performance in this task, therefore, was relatively uniform from 90° right to 45° left, but markedly slower at 90° left. This far-left-side disadvantage may reflect a difficulty (for dextrals) in focussing covert attention in the far-left part of space for a block of trials. Since vibrotactile reaction times are sensitive to attentional factors in normal subjects, the paradigm should allow quantification of the clinical symptoms of the hemineglect syndrome; some preliminary observations of this syndrome with another vibrotactile design are reported.

Simple Reaction Times and Timing of Serial Reactions of Adolescents with Mental Retardation, Autism, and down Syndrome

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Inui ◽  
Masah Yamanishi ◽  
Shinji Tada
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Tracking Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Adolescents With Autism

The purpose of this study was to examine the serial information processing in adolescents with mental retardation, autism, and Down syndrome by using a serially patterned tracking task. Analyses indicated that 7 adolescents with mental retardation, 8 with autism, and 3 with Down syndrome had significantly slower and more variable simple reaction times than did 10 college students. Also, the autistic adolescents had significantly faster mean simple reaction time than those with Down syndrome. On a task of tracking serial light stimulation, mentally retarded adolescents had significantly faster reaction time than college students. The autistic subjects excessively had faster anticipatory reaction times than did the subjects in the other three groups. On the other hand, adolescents with Down syndrome had markedly slower and more variable reaction times than did adolescents with non-Down-syndrome mental retardation. As for motor organization of keystrokes on the tracking task, mentally retarded adolescents responded with six movements, in which these individuals pressed a series of keys 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, as a chunk, as exhibited by college students. Adolescents with autism and Down syndrome, however, did not produce this movement-output chunking.

scholarly journals Atención y tiempo de reacción en practicantes de kárate Shotokan

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
António VencesBrito ◽  
Carlos Silva ◽  
Luis Cid ◽  
Dora Ferreira ◽  
Ana Marques
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Distributed Attention ◽  
Karate Athletes

The aim of this study is to analyze the attention capacity and the reaction time in Portuguese karate Shotokan athletes. Participated 96 Shotokan athletes from the Portuguese Karate Association. We physically characterized the sample (weight, height, body mass index, and body fat mass percentage) and evaluated Simple Reaction Time (TRS), Choice Reaction Time (TRE), Decision Time (TD) and the Distributed Attention (AD). Data was analyzed according to athletes’ group age (15 to 19 yr, 20 to 35 yr and more than 35 yr), level of graduation (9<sup>th</sup> to 4<sup>th</sup> kyu, 3<sup>rd</sup> to 1<sup>st</sup> kyu, DAN) and by gender (male and female). Male athletes present significant differences from female athletes in height, weight, years of practice and body fat mass. In relation to TRS all groups tend to a value near to 300 ms without significant differences among them, but the TRE and the TD are significantly higher in the Dan athletes and in the +35 yrs athletes than in the other groups. On the other hand the Dan and +35 yrs athletes tend to do less mistakes. Gender does not influence significantly the reaction time in the Shotokan karate athletes, but it seems that women tend to have smaller reaction times than men. Athletes with more years of practice and more graduation need more time to reply to the stimulus than the other athletes, but they tend to do fewer mistakes on their choices than other subjects. As for distributed attention, no significant differences were found in function of the athlete graduation, nor in function of gender. However, for distributed attention, we found statistical significant differences in function of the age, with the oldest athletes presenting lower levels of distributed attention. Our results seem to show that is necessary to do some modifications in the training process of Portuguese Shotokan karate athletes.

From Simple to Complex or Vice Versa: Sequence Effects on the Detection of Embedded Figures

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 247-247
Author(s):  
I Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Presentation Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Sequence Effects ◽  
Mean Reaction Time

In a series of studies concerning part - whole perception we have investigated effects of perceptual learning, and of systematically varied presentation orders on the detection of embedded figures. In the present study the effects of increasing and decreasing complexity orders on detection performance are reported. Stimuli were 170 pairs of whole and part figures. Half of them were positive items, ie the searched part was contained in the (simultaneously presented) whole. The other half were negative items, ie the searched part was not contained in the whole. The difficulty of all figure pairs was determined from earlier data. On the basis of these difficulty parameters three presentation orders were created: (1) increasing difficulty (from simple to complex), (2) decreasing difficulty (from complex to simple), and (3) randomised order. Sixty subjects performed each of these tasks in three sessions separated by one week. Effects of practice and samples were balanced by permutating the order of the three tasks. The reaction times and error rates for all presentations were registered. The results showed marked differences between the three tasks: The lowest mean reaction time was obtained in the presentation order with increasing difficulty. Error rate, on the other hand, was lowest in the decreasing-difficulty presentation order. For the random-order presentation error rate and reaction time was in between the other orders. Furthermore, differences in benefit from practice were observed between the three orders of difficulty. Results are discussed with respect to the question of how efficient search strategies may be learned and whether one can learn to bend the rules of Gestalt organisation if required.

Functional Locus of Intensity Effects in Choice Reaction Time Tasks

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Jaśkowski ◽  
Izabela Szumska ◽  
Edyta Sasin
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Response Choice ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Functional Locus ◽  
Readiness Potentials

Long reaction times (RT) paradoxically occur with extremely loud auditory stimuli ( Van der Molen & Keuss, 1979 , 1981 ) or with ultrabright and large visual stimuli ( Jaśkowski & Włodarczyk, 2006 ) when the task requires a response choice. Van der Molen and Keuss (1981 ) hypothesized that this effect results from an arousal-driven elongation of response-selection processes. We tested this hypothesis using visual stimuli and chronopsychophysiological markers. The results showed that the latency of both early (P1 recorded at Oz) and late (P300) evoked potentials decreased monotonically with intensity. In contrast, the latency of stimulus-locked lateralized readiness potentials (LRP) abruptly increased for the most intense stimuli, thus mirroring the reaction time–intensity relationship. Response-locked LRPs revealed no dependency on intensity. These findings suggest that the processes responsible for the van der Molen-Keuss effect influence processing stages that are completed before the onset of LRP. The van der Molen-Keuss effect likely occurs later than those represented by early sensory potentials. This is in keeping with the hypothesis of van der Molen-Keuss.

Auditory signal detectability and facilitation of simple reaction time in psychiatric patients and non-patients

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard E. Bruder ◽  
Samuel Sutton ◽  
Harvey Babkoff ◽  
Barry J. Gurland ◽  
Allan Yozawitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Auditory Signal ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Affective Psychoses ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Signal Detectability

SynopsisPatients diagnosed on the basis of structured interviews as having affective psychoses were less sensitive in detecting the presence of a transient auditory signal than were schizophrenic patients or non-patients. Patients with affective psychoses also benefited more (their reaction time was more reduced) than the other two groups from the presence of a second auditory transient.

Practice and Serial Reaction Time of Adolescents with Autism

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Inui ◽  
Kan-Ichiro Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Motor Program ◽  
The Other ◽  
Light Stimulation ◽  
Practice Analysis ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Adolescents With Autism ◽  
Serial Reaction

This study examined effects of practice on timing of serial reactions by 7 adolescents diagnosed with autism by using a task requiring they track a series of timed lights. The adolescents showed significantly slower and more variable mean simple reaction time than 10 normal control subjects of the same age. On a task of tracking a serial light stimulation for 4 days, on the other hand, significant effects of practice on timing of serial reactions were observed for mean serial reaction times of them. In addition, from individual variations in reaction times and anticipatory reaction times, four of seven subjects with autism showed significant effects of practice. Analysis suggested that these autistic adolescents may be chunlung together the whole series of responses and are unable to coordinate the timing of individual responses with individual sumuli. Our data indicate that at least some adolescents with autism are able to form and utilise a motor program with practice.

Decisions concerning the Rejected Channel

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everdina A. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Verbal Messages

It was thought that the physical aspects of auditory stimuli were possibly transmitted via separate pathways from those transmitting the verbal aspects. Three experiments were designed to test this hypothesis. In these experiments subjects had to perform a shadowing task and had to respond simultaneously on response keys to pips superimposed in either ear on verbal messages. The response to these pips was of increasing complexity, in that it was a simple reaction time which was measured in the first experiment, a choice reaction time in the second experiment and a more complex choice reaction time in the third experiment. Subjects were able to perform these tests although the increasing difficulty was reflected in longer reaction times and more errors. The reaction times to the pips presented to the ear which was not being shadowed were slower, and the errors, made to pips in both channels, were “false positives” rather than errors of omission. These results were taken as favouring the hypothesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document