Vocal Reaction Times of Stuttering Subjects to Tachistoscopically Presented Concrete and Abstract Words

1987 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Rastatter ◽  
Carl Dell
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Functional Localization ◽  
Past Data ◽  
Abstract Words ◽  
The Right

The present study was an attempt to investigate further the issues pertaining to cerebral organization for visual language processing in the stuttering population. Employing a lexical decision task, vocal reaction times were obtained for a group of 14 stutterers to unilateral, tachistoscopically presented concrete and abstract words. Results of an analysis of variance showed that a significant interaction occurred between visual fields and stimuli. Posthoc tests showed that the right hemisphere was superior for analyzing the concrete words while the left hemisphere was responsible for processing the abstract items. Compared to past data from normal subjects, these findings were interpreted as suggesting that some form of linguistic competition may exist between the two hemispheres, possibly reflecting a disturbance in functional localization in the stuttering population.

Vocal Reaction Times to Tachistoscopically Presented High- and Low-Frequency Verbs: Some Evidence for Selective Minor Hemisphere Linguistic Analysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Rastatter ◽  
Catherine Loren
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Intact Brain ◽  
The Right

The current study investigated the capacity of the right hemisphere to process verbs using a paradigm proven reliable for predicting differential, minor hemisphere lexical analysis in the normal, intact brain. Vocal reaction times of normal subjects were measured to unilaterally presented verbs of high and of low frequency. A significant interaction was noted between the stimulus items and visual fields. Post hoc tests showed that vocal reaction times to verbs of high frequency were significantly faster following right visual-field presentations (right hemisphere). No significant differences in vocal reaction time occurred between the two visual fields for the verbs of low frequency. Also, significant differences were observed between the two types of verbs following left visual-field presentation but not the right. These results were interpreted to suggest that right-hemispheric analysis was restricted to the verbs of high frequency in the presence of a dominant left hemisphere.

Influence of Vocabulary-Age on Unilateral Picture-Naming Reaction Times of Normal Subjects

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 1047-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Rastatter ◽  
Richard McGuire ◽  
Gail Scukanec
Keyword(s):  
Picture Naming ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Clinical Literature ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Developmental Hierarchy

The present study measured naming reaction times of normal subjects to unilaterally presented pictures corresponding to vocabulary levels of < 5.5, 9.5–10.5, and >18.0 years of age. An analysis of variance of latencies showed a significant interaction between visual fields and stimuli. Post hoc tests were interpreted to suggest that the normal right hemisphere was capable of performing certain differential picture encoding operations up to 10.5 years of age and not beyond. Also, unlike the left hemisphere, the right hemisphere does not appear to be organized on a developmental hierarchy, which corresponds with the clinical literature.

Reaction Times of Moderate and Severe Stutterers to Monaural Verbal Stimuli

1987 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Rastatter ◽  
Carl W. Dell
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Verbal Stimuli ◽  
The Right ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Verbal Analysis ◽  
Bilateral Model

Fourteen right-handed stutterers and 14 normal speakers (7 men & 7 women) responded to monaurally presented stimuli with their right and left hands. Results of an ANOVA with repeated measures showed that a significant ear-hand interaction existed in the normal subjects' data, with the right-ear, right-hand configuration producing the fastest responses. These findings were in concert with an efficiency model of neurolinguistic organization that suggests that the left hemisphere is dominant for language processing with the right hemisphere being capable of performing less efficient auditory-verbal analysis. Results of a similar ANOVA procedure showed that all main effects and interactions were nonsignificant for the stutterers. From these data a bilateral model of neurolinguistic organization was derived for the stutterers where both hemispheres must participate simultaneously in the decoding process. This held true regardless of sex or severity of stuttering.

Linguistic Processing and Reaction Time Differences in Stutterers and Nonstutterers

1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rebekah Hand ◽  
William O. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Linguistic Processing ◽  
Hemispheric Processing ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Response Modes ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
The Right ◽  
Visual Hemifields

Linguistic processing by the left and right cerebral hemispheres was investigated in 10 adult male stutterers and l0 matched nonstutterers. Subjects performed a lexical decision task in which nonword and real-word stimuli were presented tachistoscopically to the right and left visual hemifields. Vocal and manual reaction times to real words were measured to assess hemispheric participation in processing linguistic information and to determine differences between response modes. The stuttering group exhibited a left visual field efficiency or right hemisphere preference for this task and were slower in both vocal and manual reaction times. Ramifications for hemispheric processing theories and laryngeal dysfunction hypothesis are discussed.

Attention and Hemispheric Differences in Reaction Time during Simultaneous Audio-Visual Tasks

1973 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Geffen ◽  
J. L. Bradshaw ◽  
N. C. Nettleton
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Auditory Task ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Hemispheric Differences ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
The Right

The effect of different types of competing auditory tasks on laterality differences in visual perception was investigated. Right-handed subjects were presented with digits which occurred randomly in the left or right visual fields. They responded vocally to previously specified digits in a go, no-go reaction time situation. In the absence of any competing auditory task, digits presented in the right visual field were processed more quickly. This visual field difference in reaction time was in the same direction while subjects performed a secondary musical task. However, when a secondary verbal task had to be performed, digits in the left visual field received faster responses. The results support the view that the right hemisphere is capable of some language functions, and that hemispheric differences in performance have at their basis a quantitative asymmetry, which can be reversed even in normal subjects by overloading their limited capacity.

Hemispheric Picture-Naming Hierarchies in Stuttering Subjects

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Rastatter ◽  
Andrew Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Picture Naming ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Naming Latencies ◽  
Verbal Output ◽  
Vocabulary Score

The present study was done to investigate the linguistic organization of the right hemisphere of stuttering subjects and the interhemispheric interactions that underlie verbal output in this population. Naming reaction times of 14 stuttering adults were measured to unilaterally presented pictures corresponding to vocabulary levels of <5.5, 9.5–10.5, and > 18.0 years of age. An analysis of variance of latencies showed a significant main effect for picture vocabulary-age. Post hoc tests were interpreted as suggesting that the right hemisphere of stuttering subjects was capable of differential picture-encoding operations in a manner similar to the left hemisphere of normal speakers. Also, naming latencies favored left visual-field stimulations by 34 msec. Taken with significant and high correlations between visual fields for each level of picture vocabulary score, the right hemispheres of the stuttering subjects appeared responsible for picture-encoding operations. Left-hemispheric stimulus processing was not predicted, suggesting differences may exist in interhemispheric interactions underlying picture-naming functions in stuttering populations.

Role of Anterior and Posterior Attention Networks in Hemispheric Asymmetries during Lexical Decisions

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuko Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Prime Target

The role of the left and right hemisphere was examined during semantic priming by antonyms, remote associates, and unrelated words. Targets presented directly to the left hemisphere showed an early facilitation and a late developing inhibition, while targets presented directly to the right hemisphere showed a late developing facilitation of strong and weak associations and little evidence of inhibition. When a visual cue was given prior to each target word, reaction times were facilitated equally in both visual fields and for all prime target relationships. When the priming task was combined with shadowing, reaction times generally increased and all evidence of inhibition in left hemisphere processing disappeared. This supported the idea that the inhibition found in the left hemisphere was due to its interaction with the anterior attention network.

scholarly journals No Evidence of Improved Emotion Perception Through Unilateral Hand Contraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Stanković ◽  
Milkica Nešić
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Contralateral Hemisphere ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
The Right

Previous studies have identified improved cognitive performance from unilateral hand contraction to effect contralateral hemisphere activation. As little is known of whether this activation can improve emotion perception, this study examined any differences in perception accuracy and reaction times of matching photographs of human facial expressions presented to the left or right visual fields after left versus right hemisphere activation triggered by unilateral hand contractions. We used photographs of happy, sad, and neutral facial expressions presented briefly and simultaneously (two photographs in each presentation) either unilaterally (intrahemisphere condition) or bilaterally (interhemisphere condition). We recruited 68 university student participants (aged 19–23 years) and randomly assigned half of them to squeeze a dynamometer with the right hand, while the other half squeezed with the left hand, prior to performing the Dimond face-matching task. Matching of happy faces was faster than matching of sad faces. In females (but not males), perception accuracy was higher when stimuli were presented in the right (vs. left) visual field. We found no difference in emotion perception of photographs in either unilateral (intrahemispheric) or bilateral (interhemispheric) stimuli presentations as a function of hand contractions.

scholarly journals When brain damage “improves” perception: neglect patients can localize motion-shifted probes better than controls

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 3351-3358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania de Vito ◽  
Marine Lunven ◽  
Clémence Bourlon ◽  
Christophe Duret ◽  
Patrick Cavanagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Stimulus Motion ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Position Shift ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Better Than

When we look at bars flashed against a moving background, we see them displaced in the direction of the upcoming motion (flash-grab illusion). It is still debated whether these motion-induced position shifts are low-level, reflexive consequences of stimulus motion or high-level compensation engaged only when the stimulus is tracked with attention. To investigate whether attention is a causal factor for this striking illusory position shift, we evaluated the flash-grab illusion in six patients with damaged attentional networks in the right hemisphere and signs of left visual neglect and six age-matched controls. With stimuli in the top, right, and bottom visual fields, neglect patients experienced the same amount of illusion as controls. However, patients showed no significant shift when the test was presented in their left hemifield, despite having equally precise judgments. Thus, paradoxically, neglect patients perceived the position of the flash more veridically in their neglected hemifield. These results suggest that impaired attentional processes can reduce the interaction between a moving background and a superimposed stationary flash, and indicate that attention is a critical factor in generating the illusory motion-induced shifts of location.

Use of Magnitude-Estimation Scaling for Predicting Hemispheric Processing of Lexical Decisions

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1147-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee W. Ellis ◽  
Joan N. Kaderavek ◽  
Michael P. Rastatter
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Hemispheric Processing ◽  
Lexical Decisions ◽  
Significant Magnitude ◽  
Abstract Words

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and validity of magnitude-estimation scaling as an alternative to a traditional, somewhat more cumbersome reaction-time procedure in the assessment of hemispheric processing asymmetry. Lexical decision vocal reaction times and magnitude-estimation scaling values were obtained for 16 normal subjects to tachistoscopically presented concrete and abstract words. Analysis of variance showed identical interactions of field x stimuli for each dependent variable while all pair-wise correlations between these measures were significant. Magnitude-estimation scaling may be a sensitive measure of visual psychophysical differences in hemispheric processing and may circumvent problems with variance of latencies associated with disordered populations.

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