Heart-Rate and Blood-Pressure Responses to Speech Alone Compared with Cognitive Challenges in the Stroop Task

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis K. Stein ◽  
Stephen H. Boutcher
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Conflict Task ◽  
Push Button ◽  
Stressful Task ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses ◽  
Pressure Changes

Heart-rate and blood-pressure responses are assumed to reflect the “stressfulness” of cognitive tasks. Cardiovascular responses to speech are often assumed to be negligible. To test these assumptions, 34 middle-aged men (mean age 45.0 ± 6.1) performed three versions of the Stroop color-conflict task, passive responding, push-button, and verbal. Although difficulty of passive responding was rated 11.8 (fairly light), push-button 16.1 (between hard and very hard), and verbal Stroop 14.5 (hard), all were significantly differenr. Analysis of variance showed during tasks heart-rate responses and systolic blood pressure did not differ. Recovery average heart-rare and over-all heart-rate patterns were not different for the difficult tasks but were significantly different from the easy task. Diastolic blood-pressure changes during tasks were more similar for verbal tasks despite the difference in difficulty. Stressor heart-rate and systolic blood-pressure responses did not reflect the difficulty of this stressful task. Verbalization of responses contributed significantly to cardiovascular reactivity.

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Reactivity

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Whited ◽  
Kevin T. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Conflict Task ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

Sex differences in cardiovascular reactivity to stress are well documented, with some studies showing women having greater heart rate responses than men, and men having greater blood pressure responses than women, while other studies show conflicting evidence. Few studies have attended to the gender relevance of tasks employed in these studies. This study investigated cardiovascular reactivity to two interpersonal stressors consistent with different gender roles to determine whether response differences exist between men and women. A total of 26 men and 31 women were assigned to either a traditional male-oriented task that involved interpersonal conflict (Conflict Task) or a traditional female-oriented task that involved comforting another person (Comfort Task). Results demonstrated that women exhibited greater heart rate reactions than men independent of the task type, and that men did not display a higher reactivity than women on any measure. These findings indicate that sex of participant was more important than gender relevance of the task in eliciting sex differences in cardiovascular responding.

Electrocardiographic and arterial pressure changes in female dogs subjected to epidural anesthesia with different doses of morphine

2017 ◽  
Vol XXII (130) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Mariana Werneck Fonseca ◽  
Verônica Batista de Albuquerque ◽  
Gabriel T. N. Martins Ferreira ◽  
Marcelo Augusto de Araújo ◽  
Wagner Luis Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Epidural Anesthesia ◽  
Epidural Morphine ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Different Doses

This article investigates the electrocardiographic and blood pressure changes caused by different doses of morphine administered epidurally to bitches undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. Twenty-four healthy bitches weighing 9.8 ± 4.1 kg were assigned to three experimental groups (in each group, n = 8): (i) group M0.1: 0.1 mg/kg morphine; (ii) group M0.15: 0.15 mg/kg morphine; and (iii) group M0.2: 0.2 mg/kg morphine. In all groups, levobupivacaine was added to achieve a total volume of 0.33 mL/kg. During the procedures, the following parameters were controlled: heart rate and rhythm, systolic blood pressure, rectal temperature and blood lactate. The data were analyzed by means of statistical methods of analysis of variance, such as Kruskal-Wallis, Fisher and Tukey tests. Epidural morphine did not cause significant electrocardiographic or blood pressure changes in the tested doses, which makes the use of this drug a viable alternative for epidural anesthesia.

Cardiovascular reflex responses in Bangladeshi and European subjects

1991 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Rahman ◽  
I. Farquhar ◽  
T. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Valsalva Manoeuvre ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Reflex Responses ◽  
Forearm Vascular Resistance

1. Cardiovascular responses to three different interventions, namely the Valsalva manoeuvre, deep breathing and a cold stimulus on the face, were studied in two ethnic groups (European and Bangladeshi) that have been shown to differ in the prevalence of hypertensive-vascular disease. The data obtained consisted of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure, heart rate measured by using a beat-by-beat non-invasive blood pressure monitor (the Finapres), forearm blood flow determined by venous occlusion plethysmography, and calculated forearm vascular resistance. 2. The resting haemodynamic status was similar in European and Bangladeshi subjects. However, Bangladeshi subjects showed a greater increase in heart rate, but only after 20 s into the Valsalva manoeuvre, and greater overshoots in mean blood pressure after the manoeuvre than the European subjects. Furthermore, after cold face stimulation the fall in forearm vascular resistance to baseline levels was delayed in Bangladeshi subjects relative to that in the European subjects. 3. There were no inter-group differences in the reflex bradycardia relative to mean blood pressure or in the cardiac baroreflex sensitivity estimated from systolic blood pressure and pulse interval after the Valsalva manoeuvre. In addition, values for the mean difference between maximum and minimum pulse intervals during deep breathing did not differ in Bangladeshi and European subjects. 4. These findings together suggest that, although cardiac vagal reflex responses appear similar in the two groups, sympatho-adrenal influences on the heart and vasculature may be greater in Bangladeshi subjects than in European subjects.

Oxygen Consumption, Heart Rate, Rating of Perceived Exertion, and Systolic Blood Pressure with Water Treadmill Walking

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Dolbow ◽  
Richard S. Farley ◽  
Jwa K. Kim ◽  
Jennifer L. Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Water Treadmill

The purpose of this study was to examine the cardiovascular responses to water treadmill walking at 2.0 mph (3.2 km/hr), 2.5 mph (4.0 km/hr), and 3.0 mph (4.8 km/hr) in older adults. Responses to water treadmill walking in 92 °F (33 °C) water were compared with responses to land treadmill walking at 70 °F (21 °C) ambient temperature. After an accommodation period, participants performed 5-min bouts of walking at each speed on 2 occasions. Oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were significantly higher during therapeutic water treadmill walking than during land treadmill walking. Furthermore, VO2, HR, and RPE measures significantly increased with each speed increase during both land and water treadmill walking. SBP significantly increased with each speed during water treadmill walking but not land treadmill walking. Thus, it is imperative to monitor HR and blood pressure for safety during this mode of activity for older adults.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF HAEMODYNAMIC STABILITY WITH 0.5% AND 0.75% HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE DURING SPINAL ANAESTHESIA IN WOMEN UNDERGOING CAESAREAN SECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2078-81
Author(s):  
Hina Iftikhar ◽  
Aneel Aslam ◽  
Habib Ur Rehman ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali ◽  
Mohammad Ali Abbass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Spinal Anaesthesia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Haemodynamic Stability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Objective: To compare the effect of 0.5% and 0.75% hyperbaric Bupivacaine on haemodynamic stability in terms of mean systolic blood pressure and heart rate recorded at 4 min in patients undergoing caesarian section in spinal anesthesia. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesiology, Combined Military Hospital, Malir, from Jul to Dec 2018. Methodology: The patients were assigned in two groups (A and B) using lottery method. Group A received 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine solution. Group B received 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine solution. Spinal anaesthesia was given, blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 23. Both groups were compared for mean systolic blood pressure and heart rate by using independent sample t-test. Results: The mean age of patients was 29.62 ± 6.21 years in 0.75% Bupivacaine group while 29.31 ± 6.20 years in 0.5% Bupivacaine group. The mean systolic blood pressure of patients was 111.63 ± 5.96 mmHg in 0.75% Bupivacaine group while 117.16 ± 7.12 mmHg in 0.5% Bupivacaine group. The difference was significant in both groups (p-value <0.05). The mean heart rate of patients was 92.27 ± 4.71 beats per min (bpm) in 0.75% Bupivacaine group while 97.68 ± 4.58 bpm in 0.5% Bupivacaine group. The difference was significant in both groups (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine was better than 0.75% hyperbaric Bupivacaine solution in spinal anaesthesia during caesarean section.

scholarly journals Effects of Lower Body Positive Pressure on Cardiovascular Responses During Walking in Elderly Women

2013 ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. SOTA ◽  
S. MATSUO ◽  
Y. UCHIDA ◽  
H. HAGINO ◽  
Y. KAWAI
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Lower Body Positive Pressure ◽  
Body Positive

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of lower body positive pressure (LBPP) on cardiovascular responses during a 15-min walking trial in young (22.1±0.4 years) and elderly women (67.8±1.1 years). The application of 20 mm Hg LBPP reduced ground reaction forces by 31.2±0.5 kgw in both groups. We hypothesized that cardiovascular responses to LBPP during walking were different between the young and elderly subjects. Applying 20 mm Hg of LBPP increased diastolic and mean blood pressure but not systolic blood pressure in both groups. LBPP-induced reduction in heart rate (HR) occurred more quickly in the young group compared to the elderly group (p<0.05). Applying LBPP also decreased double product (systolic blood pressure x HR) in both groups, suggesting that LBPP reduces myocardial oxygen consumption during exercise. These results suggest that heart rate responses to LBPP during exercise vary with increasing age.

Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Responses to Static Handgrip Exercise of Different Intensities: Reliability and Adult versus Child Differences

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Turley ◽  
D. Eric Martin ◽  
Eric D. Marvin ◽  
Kelley S. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Static Exercise ◽  
Handgrip Exercise ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

To determine the reliability of cardiovascular responses to isometric exercise of different intensities, and to compare adult versus child responses, 27 boys (7–9 years old) and 27 men (18–26 years old) performed static handgrip exercise at 10, 20, and 30% of previously determined maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for three min each on different days, while heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were measured. HR reliability was moderately high at all intensities in both boys and men ranging from R = 0.52–0.87. BP reliability was moderate in men and boys at 30% MVC while at 10% and 20% MVC reliability was very low for boys and only moderate for men. HR response from pre- to 3-min of static exercise was not different between boys versus men at any intensity. At 30% MVC diastolic (20.2 vs. 29.3 mmHg), systolic (17.4 vs. 36.2 mmHg) and mean (19.2 vs. 31.6 mmHg) BP responses were lower in boys versus men, respectively. At 20% MVC SBP (6.8 vs. 14.3 mmHg) and MBP (8.4 vs. 12.6 mmHg) responses were lower in boys versus men, respectively. In conclusion, the reliability of cardiovascular response to isometric exercise is low at low contraction intensities and moderate at higher contraction intensities. Further, BP response in men at 30% MVC is higher than boys, while responses are similar at lower contraction intensities.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular responses during isometric exercise following lengthening and shortening contractions

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Seed ◽  
Benjamin St. Peters ◽  
Geoffrey A. Power ◽  
Philip J. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Force Depression ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses ◽  
Shortening Contractions

The present study investigated the effects of prior lengthening or shortening contractions on cardiovascular responses during isometric exercise. We utilized the history dependence of skeletal muscle, where active 2-s lengthening or shortening before an isometric contraction can increase [residual force enhancement (RFE)] or decrease [force depression (FD)] force production. Matching torque output between RFE and FD conditions yields lower and higher electromyography (EMG) values, respectively. In study 1, heart rate and perceived exertion (PE; Borg10) were measured in 20 participants during 20-s isometric plantar flexion contractions at low (16 ± 4% MVC)-, moderate (50 ± 5% MVC)-, and high (88 ± 7% MVC)-intensity. In study 2, heart rate and blood pressure were measured in 14 participants during 2-min isometric plantar flexion contractions (40% MVC). In both studies, torque output was held constant between FD and RFE conditions resulting in differences in soleus EMG activity ( P < 0.05). In study 1, PE was lower during the RFE condition ( P < 0.01), while increases in heart rate were similar between FD and RFE at low (∆2 ± 8 vs. 3 ± 6 beats/min, P > 0.99) and moderate (∆14 ± 9 vs. 14 ± 9 beats/min, P > 0.99) intensity but smaller during RFE at high intensity (∆35 ± 13 vs. 29 ± 13 beats/min, P = 0.004). In study 2, heart rate responses were smaller in the RFE condition following the initial 20-s period; diastolic blood pressure responses were smaller during the last 80 s. A 2-s active change in muscle length before an isometric contraction can influence heart rate and blood pressure responses; however, these differences appear to be modulated by both intensity and duration of the contraction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using the history dependence of isometric force to alter maximal torque production and motor unit activation between residual force enhancement and force depression conditions, we observed that heart rate responses were different between conditions during a subsequent 20-s high-, but not low- or moderate-, intensity isometric contraction. A 2-min moderate-intensity contraction revealed time-dependent effects on heart rate and diastolic blood pressure. Active 2-s shortening and lengthening before an isometric contraction can influence the cardiovascular responses.

The Impact of Workload on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure in En-Route and Tower Air Traffic Control

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Vogt ◽  
Tim Hagemann ◽  
Michael Kastner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Ambulatory Monitoring ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Impact

This paper reports three studies on the application of ambulatory monitoring in air traffic control (ATC). The aim of the first study was to explore a set of psychophysiological measures with respect to ATC workload sensitivity and feasibility at the workplace. Nearly all physiological measures showed the expected changes during work. Significant positive correlations were found between cardiovascular responses and the number of aircraft under control, especially heavy, fast, climbing, and descending aircraft. The following en-route (Study 2) and tower (Study 3) simulations identified the relative impact of air traffic features. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, self-reported concentration, and upset were significantly higher in the simulations with 12 aircraft continuously under control compared to only 6. A high versus low number of potential conflicts between aircraft in the en-route setting (Study 2) also caused significant increases of heart rate, systolic blood pressure, self-reported concentration, and upset. On the basis of these results, a new workload model for air traffic controllers was suggested and implemented.

Effects of walking and strength training on resting and exercise cardiovascular responses in patients with intermittent claudication

VASA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 390-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grizzo Cucato ◽  
de Moraes Forjaz ◽  
Kanegusuku ◽  
da Rocha Chehuen ◽  
Riani Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Intermittent Claudication ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Rate Pressure Product ◽  
Borg Scale ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Walking Capacity

Background: Exercise training is recommended as the first-line therapy for intermittent claudication patients. However, the effects of exercise therapy on cardiovascular function of these patients have been poorly studied. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of walking and strength training on cardiovascular responses assessed at rest and during exercise in patients with intermittent claudication. Patients and methods: Thirty-four patients with stable symptoms of intermittent claudication were randomized into two groups: strength training (ST) consisting of eight exercises, three sets of 10 repetitions, intensity of 11 - 13 on 15-grade Borg scale, 2-min interval between sets; and walking training (WT) consisting of walking on a treadmill, 15 bouts of 2-min, intensity of 11 - 13 on 15-grade Borg scale, with a 2-min interval between bouts. Before and after 12 weeks, blood pressure, heart rate and rate pressure product were measured at rest and during a progressive treadmill test until maximal claudication pain. Results: Fifteen patients in each group completed the training program. After the training programs, resting systolic blood pressure (ST:-6 ± 13 mmHg and WT:-3 ± 18 mmHg, P = .04), heart rate (ST: -6 ± 10 bpm and WT:-2 ± 9 bpm, P = .03), and rate pressure product (ST:-1485 ± 1442 mmHg*bpm and WT:- 605 ± 2145 mmHg*bpm, P = .01) decreased significantly and similarly in both groups. Submaximal systolic blood pressure (ST: -14 ± 23 mmHg and WT:-6 ± 23 mmHg, P = .02), and rate pressure product (ST:-1579 ± 3444 mmHg*bpm and WT: -1264 ± 3005 mmHg*bpm, P = .04) decreased significantly and similarly in both groups. There were no changes in submaximal heart rate after ST and WT. Maximal systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and rate pressure product did not change in either group, although maximal exercise time increased similarly in the ST and WT groups (+31 ± 19 %, and +31 ± 32 %, respectively, P < .01). Conclusions: Strength and walking trainings promoted similar increases in walking capacity and decreases in resting and submaximal exercise cardiovascular load.

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