Hemispheric Picture-Naming Hierarchies in Stuttering Subjects

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Rastatter ◽  
Andrew Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Picture Naming ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Naming Latencies ◽  
Verbal Output ◽  
Vocabulary Score

The present study was done to investigate the linguistic organization of the right hemisphere of stuttering subjects and the interhemispheric interactions that underlie verbal output in this population. Naming reaction times of 14 stuttering adults were measured to unilaterally presented pictures corresponding to vocabulary levels of <5.5, 9.5–10.5, and > 18.0 years of age. An analysis of variance of latencies showed a significant main effect for picture vocabulary-age. Post hoc tests were interpreted as suggesting that the right hemisphere of stuttering subjects was capable of differential picture-encoding operations in a manner similar to the left hemisphere of normal speakers. Also, naming latencies favored left visual-field stimulations by 34 msec. Taken with significant and high correlations between visual fields for each level of picture vocabulary score, the right hemispheres of the stuttering subjects appeared responsible for picture-encoding operations. Left-hemispheric stimulus processing was not predicted, suggesting differences may exist in interhemispheric interactions underlying picture-naming functions in stuttering populations.

Influence of Vocabulary-Age on Unilateral Picture-Naming Reaction Times of Normal Subjects

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 1047-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Rastatter ◽  
Richard McGuire ◽  
Gail Scukanec
Keyword(s):  
Picture Naming ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Clinical Literature ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Developmental Hierarchy

The present study measured naming reaction times of normal subjects to unilaterally presented pictures corresponding to vocabulary levels of < 5.5, 9.5–10.5, and >18.0 years of age. An analysis of variance of latencies showed a significant interaction between visual fields and stimuli. Post hoc tests were interpreted to suggest that the normal right hemisphere was capable of performing certain differential picture encoding operations up to 10.5 years of age and not beyond. Also, unlike the left hemisphere, the right hemisphere does not appear to be organized on a developmental hierarchy, which corresponds with the clinical literature.

Vocal Reaction Times to Tachistoscopically Presented High- and Low-Frequency Verbs: Some Evidence for Selective Minor Hemisphere Linguistic Analysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Rastatter ◽  
Catherine Loren
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Intact Brain ◽  
The Right

The current study investigated the capacity of the right hemisphere to process verbs using a paradigm proven reliable for predicting differential, minor hemisphere lexical analysis in the normal, intact brain. Vocal reaction times of normal subjects were measured to unilaterally presented verbs of high and of low frequency. A significant interaction was noted between the stimulus items and visual fields. Post hoc tests showed that vocal reaction times to verbs of high frequency were significantly faster following right visual-field presentations (right hemisphere). No significant differences in vocal reaction time occurred between the two visual fields for the verbs of low frequency. Also, significant differences were observed between the two types of verbs following left visual-field presentation but not the right. These results were interpreted to suggest that right-hemispheric analysis was restricted to the verbs of high frequency in the presence of a dominant left hemisphere.

Vocal Reaction Times of Stuttering Subjects to Tachistoscopically Presented Concrete and Abstract Words

1987 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Rastatter ◽  
Carl Dell
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Functional Localization ◽  
Past Data ◽  
Abstract Words ◽  
The Right

The present study was an attempt to investigate further the issues pertaining to cerebral organization for visual language processing in the stuttering population. Employing a lexical decision task, vocal reaction times were obtained for a group of 14 stutterers to unilateral, tachistoscopically presented concrete and abstract words. Results of an analysis of variance showed that a significant interaction occurred between visual fields and stimuli. Posthoc tests showed that the right hemisphere was superior for analyzing the concrete words while the left hemisphere was responsible for processing the abstract items. Compared to past data from normal subjects, these findings were interpreted as suggesting that some form of linguistic competition may exist between the two hemispheres, possibly reflecting a disturbance in functional localization in the stuttering population.

Role of Anterior and Posterior Attention Networks in Hemispheric Asymmetries during Lexical Decisions

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuko Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Prime Target

The role of the left and right hemisphere was examined during semantic priming by antonyms, remote associates, and unrelated words. Targets presented directly to the left hemisphere showed an early facilitation and a late developing inhibition, while targets presented directly to the right hemisphere showed a late developing facilitation of strong and weak associations and little evidence of inhibition. When a visual cue was given prior to each target word, reaction times were facilitated equally in both visual fields and for all prime target relationships. When the priming task was combined with shadowing, reaction times generally increased and all evidence of inhibition in left hemisphere processing disappeared. This supported the idea that the inhibition found in the left hemisphere was due to its interaction with the anterior attention network.

scholarly journals No Evidence of Improved Emotion Perception Through Unilateral Hand Contraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Stanković ◽  
Milkica Nešić
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Contralateral Hemisphere ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
The Right

Previous studies have identified improved cognitive performance from unilateral hand contraction to effect contralateral hemisphere activation. As little is known of whether this activation can improve emotion perception, this study examined any differences in perception accuracy and reaction times of matching photographs of human facial expressions presented to the left or right visual fields after left versus right hemisphere activation triggered by unilateral hand contractions. We used photographs of happy, sad, and neutral facial expressions presented briefly and simultaneously (two photographs in each presentation) either unilaterally (intrahemisphere condition) or bilaterally (interhemisphere condition). We recruited 68 university student participants (aged 19–23 years) and randomly assigned half of them to squeeze a dynamometer with the right hand, while the other half squeezed with the left hand, prior to performing the Dimond face-matching task. Matching of happy faces was faster than matching of sad faces. In females (but not males), perception accuracy was higher when stimuli were presented in the right (vs. left) visual field. We found no difference in emotion perception of photographs in either unilateral (intrahemispheric) or bilateral (interhemispheric) stimuli presentations as a function of hand contractions.

scholarly journals When brain damage “improves” perception: neglect patients can localize motion-shifted probes better than controls

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 3351-3358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania de Vito ◽  
Marine Lunven ◽  
Clémence Bourlon ◽  
Christophe Duret ◽  
Patrick Cavanagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Stimulus Motion ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Position Shift ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Better Than

When we look at bars flashed against a moving background, we see them displaced in the direction of the upcoming motion (flash-grab illusion). It is still debated whether these motion-induced position shifts are low-level, reflexive consequences of stimulus motion or high-level compensation engaged only when the stimulus is tracked with attention. To investigate whether attention is a causal factor for this striking illusory position shift, we evaluated the flash-grab illusion in six patients with damaged attentional networks in the right hemisphere and signs of left visual neglect and six age-matched controls. With stimuli in the top, right, and bottom visual fields, neglect patients experienced the same amount of illusion as controls. However, patients showed no significant shift when the test was presented in their left hemifield, despite having equally precise judgments. Thus, paradoxically, neglect patients perceived the position of the flash more veridically in their neglected hemifield. These results suggest that impaired attentional processes can reduce the interaction between a moving background and a superimposed stationary flash, and indicate that attention is a critical factor in generating the illusory motion-induced shifts of location.

scholarly journals Associations Between Smoking Abstinence, Inhibitory Control, and Smoking Behavior: An fMRI Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Bell ◽  
Brett Froeliger
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Smoking Abstinence ◽  
Monetary Rewards ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc

Nicotine addiction is associated with dysregulated inhibitory control (IC), mediated by corticothalamic circuitry including the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG). Among sated smokers, worse IC task performance and greater IC-related rIFG activity have been shown to be associated with greater relapse vulnerability. The present study investigated the effects of smoking abstinence on associations between IC task performance, rIFG activation, and smoking behavior. Smokers (N = 26, 15 female) completed an IC task (Go/Go/No-go) during fMRI scanning followed by a laboratory-based smoking relapse analog task (SRT) on two visits: once when sated and once following 24 h of smoking abstinence. During the SRT, smokers were provided with monetary rewards for incrementally delaying smoking. A significant main effect of No-go accuracy on latency to smoke during the SRT was observed when collapsing across smoking states (abstinent vs. sated). Similarly, a significant main effect of IC-related activation in rIFG on SRT performance was observed across states. The main effect of state, however, was non-significant in both of these models. Furthermore, the interaction between smoking state and No-go accuracy on SRT performance was non-significant, indicating a similar relationship between IC and lapse vulnerability under both sated and abstinent conditions. The state X rIFG activation interaction on SRT performance was likewise non-significant. Post-hoc whole brain analyses indicated that abstinence resulted in greater IC-related activity in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and insula. Activation during IC in these regions was significantly associated with decreased No-go accuracy. Moreover, greater abstinence induced activity in right MFG during IC was associated with smoking sooner on the SRT. These findings are bolstered by the extant literature on the effects of nicotine on executive function and also contribute novel insights on how individual differences in behavioral and neuroimaging measures of IC may influence relapse propensity independent of smoking state.

scholarly journals An fMRI Study on Self-Perception of Patients after Aesthetic Implant-Prosthetic Rehabilitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Cattoni ◽  
Giulia Tetè ◽  
Riccardo Uccioli ◽  
Fabio Manazza ◽  
Giorgio Gastaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prosthetic Rehabilitation ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Virtual Planning ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

Objectives: In this functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) study, we investigated the activation of cerebral pathways involved in the elaboration of self-retracting photos (SELF) and the same pictures of others (OTHER). Each of the photographs showed one of the participants during different stages of the rehabilitation: pre-treatment (PRE), virtual planning using “Smile-Lynx” smile design software (VIR), and post-rehabilitation (POST). Methods: We selected eighteen volunteers, both male and female, between 22 and 67 years of age, who previously underwent prosthetic rehabilitation. Each of them was subjected to an fMRI acquisition. Various stimuli were then shown to the subjects in the form of self-retracting photographs and photographs of other participants, all in pseudo-randomized order. We then carried out a two- stage mixed-effects group data analysis with statistical contrast targeting two main effects: one regarding the main effect of Identity (SELF vs. OTHER) and the other regarding the effect of the prosthetic rehabilitation phase (PRE vs. VIR vs. POS). All the effects mentioned above survived a peak-level of p < 0.05. Results: For the effect of identity, results reported the involvement of dorsolateral frontoparietal areas bilaterally. For the phase by identity effect, results reported activation in the supplementary motor area (SMA) in the right hemisphere. A stronger activation in observing self-retracting photos (SELF) post-treatment (POST) was reported compared to the other phases considered in the experiment. Conclusions: All the collected data showed differences regarding the main effect of Identity (SELF vs. OTHER). Most importantly, the present study provides some trend-wise evidence that the pictures portraying the subject in their actual physiognomy (POST) have a somewhat special status in eliciting selectively greater brain activation in the SMA. This effect was interpreted as a plausible correlate of an empathic response for beautiful and neutral faces. The present research suggests a possible way to measure self-perception of the subject after an appearance-altering procedure such an implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. However, future clinical studies are needed to investigate this matter further.

Effect of Visual Complexity in Identification of Tachistoscopic Images

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 971-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Geheb ◽  
Keith E. Whitfield ◽  
Linda Brannon
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Complexity ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Right Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mean Reaction Time

The present study of gender differences in hemispheric processing involved identification of tachistoscopically presented images of varying complexity. A computerized tachistoscopic program was administered to 24 men and 34 women. Time to identify contour and detailed pictures presented to the left or right cerebral hemisphere was recorded. Mean reaction time for contour pictures was significantly faster than for detailed pictures, and mean reaction time to the right hemisphere was significantly faster than that to the left hemisphere. The mean reaction time for men to identify pictures exposed to the left hemisphere was significantly slower than that for exposure to the right hemisphere for women. The mean reaction time for both men and women to identify contour pictures exposed to the right hemisphere was significantly faster than the mean time to identify detailed pictures presented to the left hemisphere. The interaction of gender, hemisphere, and complexity was also significant in that mean reaction times for men to identify detailed pictures presented to the left hemisphere were slower than the times for women to identify contour pictures presented to the right hemisphere. The results are discussed in relation to theories about hemispheres, gender, and differences in picture features.

Hemispheric Asymmetries in a Signal Detection Task

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Andreassi ◽  
Charles S. Rebert ◽  
Ferol F. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Verbal Stimulus ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Central Fixation

Reaction time and signal detection performance were measured during a 78-min. vigilance task. 12 right-handed male subjects served in two experimental sessions. Subjects focused on a central fixation point and responded to signals presented at unpredictable times in one of three locations: 2.5° to right of central fixation, central, and 2.5° to the left of center. Subjects decided whether to press a response key with either the left or right hand with each presentation. Over-all vigilance performance (signal detections and response time) was similar for left and right visual-field presentations. Evidence from reaction times indicated that responses controlled by the left hemisphere were faster to a verbal stimulus (T) while reactions controlled by the right hemisphere were faster to an apparent non-verbal stimulus, an inverted T.

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