Stimulus Size and Eccentricity in Visually Induced Perception of Horizontally Translational Self-Motion

1998 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 659-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Nakamura ◽  
Shinsuke Shimojo
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Stimulus Size ◽  
Perception Of Self ◽  
Self Motion ◽  
Moving Pattern

The effects of the size and eccentricity of the visual stimulus upon visually induced perception of self-motion (vection) were examined with various sizes of central and peripheral visual stimulation. Analysis indicated the strength of vection increased linearly with the size of the area in which the moving pattern was presented, but there was no difference in vection strength between central and peripheral stimuli when stimulus sizes were the same. Thus, the effect of stimulus size is homogeneous across eccentricities in the visual field.

Induced Roll Vection from Stimulation of the Central Visual Field

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Andersen ◽  
Brian P. Dyre
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Postural Instability ◽  
Flight Simulation ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Forward Motion ◽  
Self Motion ◽  
Stimulation Of

An important consideration for some types of flight simulation is that sufficient visual information be provided for a perception of self-motion. A general conclusion of earlier research is that peripheral stimulation (outside a 30 deg. diameter area of the central visual field) is necessary for perceived self-motion to occur. More recently Andersen and Braunstein (1985) demonstrated that induced self-motion could occur when visual information simulating forward motion of the observer was presented to a limited area of the central visual field. In the present study, the perception of induced roll vection (rotation about the line of sight) from visual stimulation of the central visual field was examined. Subjects viewed computer generated displays that simulated observer motion relative to a volume of randomly positioned points. Two variables were examined: 1) the presence or absence of a simulated forward motion, and 2) the presence of a 15 deg. or 30 deg. sinusoidal roll motion. It was found that: 1) induced roll vection occurred with stimulation restricted to a 10 deg. diameter area of the central visual field; 2) greater postural instability occurred for displays with a 30 deg. roll as compared to a 15 deg. roll; and 3) significantly greater postural instability occurred along the X-axis (left/right) as compared to the Y-axis (front/back). The implications of this research for flight simulation will be discussed.

Perception of Self-Motion Induced by Moving-Dot Patterns: The Interaction of the Stimulating Area and the Speed of the Pattern

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 201-201
Author(s):  
C Kano
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Circular Area ◽  
Perception Of Self ◽  
Random Dot Patterns ◽  
Self Motion ◽  
Dark Room ◽  
Moving Pattern

A linear moving-dot pattern was presented to observers to induce self-motion. A stimulating circular area of more than 28.1 deg diameter induced self-motion perfectly, and even areas ranging from 5.7 deg to 11.4 deg diameter were able to elicit self-motion (Kano, 1995 Perception24 Supplement, 108). In the present study the interactive effects of the size of the stimulating area and the speed of the moving pattern on the perception of self-motion were examined. Random-dot patterns were moved downward in a circular area on a screen in a dark room. The diameters of the circular area were 5.7, 11.4, 22.6, and 43.6 deg. The speeds of the dot pattern were 9.49, 18.85, 28.07, 36.73, and 45.08 deg s−1. Observers were twenty-six students of Keio University. When the size of the area became larger and the dot pattern moved faster, self-motion was generally induced with shorter latencies. However, a significant interaction was found between size and speed; for the smallest area (5.7 deg diameter circle) latency was shorter at the lower speeds (9.49 to 28.07 deg s−1) than at the higher speeds (36.73 and 45.08 deg s −1). For the 11.4 deg diameter circle speed had no effect on latency. For the 22.6 deg diameter circle, however, latency decreased with increasing speed. For the 43.6 deg diameter circle latency was very short and constant under the four higher speeds, but remained considerably longer at the lowest speed. The results show that the effect of speed depends on the size of the stimulating area. When the size was large enough, speed had little effect on the latency of self-motion.

Torsional eye movements are facilitated during perception of self-motion

1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Thilo ◽  
Thomas Probst ◽  
Adolfo M. Bronstein ◽  
Yatsuji Ito ◽  
Michael A. Gresty
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Perception Of Self ◽  
Self Motion

Effect of Degree of Separation of Visual-Auditory Stimulus and Eye Position upon Spatial Interaction of Vision and Audition

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. Bermant ◽  
Robert B. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Auditory Localization ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Degree Of Separation ◽  
Straight Ahead ◽  
Over Time

Subjects were exposed to a visual and to an auditory stimulus that differed spatially in laterality of origin. The subjects were observed for visual biasing of auditory localization (the momentary influence of a light on the spatially perceived location of a simultaneously presented sound) and for auditory aftereffect (a change in perceived location of a sound that persists over time and is measured after termination of the visual stimulus). A significant effect of visual stimulation on auditory localization was found only with the measure of bias. Bias was tested as a function of degree of visual-auditory separation (10/20/30°), eye position (straight-ahead/visual stimulus fixation), and position of visual stimulus relative to auditory stimulus (left/right). Only eye position proved statistically significant; straight-ahead eye position induced more bias than did fixation of the visual stimulus.

Orientation of Selective Effects of Body Tilt on Visually Induced Perception of Self-Motion

1998 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Nakamura ◽  
Shinsuke Shimojo
Keyword(s):  
Body Posture ◽  
Body Tilt ◽  
Vestibular Information ◽  
Perception Of Self ◽  
Self Motion ◽  
Selective Effects

We examined the effect of body posture upon visually induced perception of self-motion (vection) with various angles of observer's tilt. The experiment indicated that the tilted body of observer could enhance perceived strength of vertical vection, while there was no effect of body tilt on horizontal vection. This result suggests that there is an interaction between the effects of visual and vestibular information on perception of self-motion.

scholarly journals Biases in the perception of self-motion during whole-body acceleration and deceleration

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Tremblay ◽  
Andrew Kennedy ◽  
Dany Paleressompoulle ◽  
Liliane Borel ◽  
Laurence Mouchnino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Acceleration ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
Perception Of Self ◽  
Self Motion

Light-Induced Calcium Influx Into Retinal Axons Is Regulated by Presynaptic Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Activity In Vivo

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 895-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Edwards ◽  
Hollis T. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Optic Tectum ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine ◽  
Retinal Axons ◽  
Retinotectal System

Light-induced calcium influx into retinal axons is regulated by presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity in vivo. Visual activity is thought to be a critical factor in controlling the development of central retinal projections. Neuronal activity increases cytosolic calcium, which was hypothesized to regulate process outgrowth in neurons. We performed an in vivo imaging study in the retinotectal system of albino Xenopus laevis tadpoles with the fluorescent calcium indicator calcium green 1 dextran (CaGD) to test the role of calcium in regulating axon arbor development. We find that visual stimulus to the retina increased CaGD fluorescence intensity in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon arbors within the optic tectum and that branch additions to retinotectal axon arbors correlated with a local rise in calcium in the parent branch. We find three types of responses to visual stimulus, which roughly correlate with theon, off, and sustained response types of RGC reported by physiological criteria. Imaging in bandscan mode indicated that patterns of calcium transients were nonuniform throughout the axons. We tested whether the increase in calcium in the retinotectal axons required synaptic activity in the retina; intraocular application of tetrodotoxin (10 μM) or nifedipine (1 and 10 μM) blocked the stimulus-induced increase in RGC axonal fluorescence. A second series of pharmacological investigations was designed to determine the mechanism of the calcium elevation in the axon terminals within the optic tectum. Injection of bis-( o-aminophenoxy)- N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid-AM (BAPTA-AM) (20 mM) into the tectal ventricle reduced axonal calcium levels, supporting the idea that visual stimulation increases axonal calcium. Injection of BAPTA (20 mM) into the tectal ventricle to chelate extracellular calcium also attenuated the calcium response to visual stimulation, indicating that calcium enters the axon from the extracellular medium. Caffeine (10 mM) caused a large increase in axonal calcium, indicating that intracellular stores contribute to the calcium signal. Presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) may play a role in axon arbor development and the formation of the topographic retinotectal projection. Injection of nicotine (10 μM) into the tectal ventricle significantly elevated RGC axonal calcium levels, whereas application of the nAChR antagonist αBTX (100 nM) reduced the stimulus-evoked rise in RGC calcium fluorescence. These data suggest that light stimulus to the retina increases calcium in the axon terminal arbors through a mechanism that includes influx through nAChRs and amplification by calcium-induced calcium release from intracellular calcium stores. Such a mechanism may contribute to developmental plasticity of the retinotectal system by influencing both axon arbor elaboration and the strength of synaptic transmission.

scholarly journals Influences of the Perception of Self-Motion on Postural Parameters

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Keshner ◽  
K. Dokka ◽  
R.V. Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Perception Of Self ◽  
Self Motion
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