Goal-Setting Protocol in Adherence to Exercise by Italian Adults

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Annesi
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Personal Construct ◽  
Personal Construct Theory ◽  
Exercise Maintenance ◽  
Construct Theory ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Practical Implications

A goal-setting protocol, based on research in goal setting and performance and personal construct theory, was tested for its effect on adherence to a new exercise program. The Goal-setting group ( n = 50) had significantly less dropout (30%) than the control group ( n = 50) (74%). The Goal-setting group also had significantly better attendance ( p<.0001). Suggestions for increasing confidence in findings through further research and practical implications of using the protocol to improve exercise maintenance across settings were discussed.

The Performance Profile: Theory and Application

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Butler ◽  
Lew Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Personal Construct ◽  
Personal Construct Theory ◽  
Construct Theory ◽  
Performance Profiles ◽  
And Performance

The importance of discovering the athlete’s perspective of his or her own notions of self and performance is discussed with reference to Personal Construct Theory (Bannister & Fransella, 1986; Kelly, 1955). The athlete’s constructions are displayed in the form of performance profiles and the methodology of developing such profiles is described. The application of performance profiles is illustrated with a number of examples from elite athletes over a range of Olympic sports.

Visitor interactions with hotel employees: the role of nationality

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish Prayag ◽  
Chris Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Personal Construct ◽  
Personal Construct Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hotel Employees ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Construct Theory ◽  
Staff Interactions ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThis paper aims to report the results of a study into visitor evaluations of interactions with hotel employees in Mauritius. Given that the island's core tourism product is based on luxury resorts, tourist‐hotel employee interactions possess a potential for determining satisfactory or unsatisfactory holiday evaluations on the part of visitors.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 103 visitors is interviewed using a semi‐structured guide comprising open‐ended questions. This approach reflects the lived experiences of guests and helps to better assess the role played by nationality when reporting visitor‐staff interactions. Data are analyzed using both thematic analysis and textual analysis software.FindingsNationality, ethnicity and languages spoken are found to be factors that determine differences in requirements from hotel staff on the part of tourists. Nationality is the strongest discriminator of these requirements.Research limitations/implicationsAs with many examples of qualitative research, the findings are time and place specific. Yet nonetheless, the concepts of personal construct theory permit some generalization.Practical implicationsResort complex staff and management need to note the differences required by guests of different national groupings, and to appreciate that less than warm responses by some clients are not indicative of dissatisfaction.Originality/valueThe paper distinguishes between guests not only on the basis of nationality and ethnicity, but also languages spoken. No similar study relating to resort complexes in Mauritius has been identified. The study also uses two modes of textual data analysis to support the interpretation offered.

Use of Reinforcement to Produce Loose Construing: Differential Effects for Schizotypic and Nonschizotypic Normals

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-806
Author(s):  
Kenneth Higgins ◽  
J. Conrad Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Social Reinforcement ◽  
Personal Construct ◽  
Contingent Reinforcement ◽  
Personal Construct Theory ◽  
Reinforcement Condition ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Construct Theory

Conceived within the framework of Kelly's personal construct theory, the study tested the influence of social reinforcement on construct-use by normal college students and subgroups of schizotypes and nonschizotypes as identified by the Sc scale of the MMPI. In an adaptation of a procedure first used by Rehm, 40 subjects were contingently reinforced for attributing 2 typically related constructs (kind and sincere) to people in an atypical, inversely related manner (unkind and sincere or kind and insincere). Five groups of 20 photos were rated with the ostensible purpose of assessing subjects' ability to judge personality from photographs. 40 control subjects rated the photos without feedback. As predicted, subjects in the contingent reinforcement condition exhibited progressive loosening of the initial construct relation while the control group remained unchanged. The schizotypic subgroup showed significantly greater loosening under contingent reinforcement than the nonschizotypic subgroup.

Mourning and Reminiscence: Parallel Psychotherapeutic Processes for Elderly People

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda L. Viney ◽  
Yvonne N. Benjamin ◽  
Carol Preston
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Personal Construct ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Personal Construct Theory ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Processes ◽  
Construct Theory ◽  
The Relationship

Mourning and reminiscence are therapeutic processes common in therapeutic work with the elderly. However, a theoretical explanation of why they are effective has been lacking. Personal construct theory accounts for both in terms of the search of elderly persons for validation of their construct systems. In this article, this explanation of the parallel psychotherapeutic processes is explored, together with relevant information from the literature on mourning and reminiscence. Therapeutic case studies illustrate the characteristics of the two processes and the relationship between them.

Effect of a Musicians’ Exercise Intervention on Performance-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cliffton Chan ◽  
Tim Driscoll ◽  
Bronwen J Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
And Performance

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of a purpose-designed exercise program on performance-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) and associated risk factors in a sample of professional orchestral musicians. METHODS: A 10-week exercise program was made available to full-time musicians employed by the eight premier symphony orchestras of Australia. Questionnaires were administered before, immediately after (T1), and 6 months after interventions (T2) containing questions relating to change in frequency and severity of PRMDs, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during rehearsal, private practice, and performance, as well as nine performance-related factors. Participants were also asked to rate whether these performance-related factors affected their overall playing capacity during different playing situations. A comparative control group of musicians had no intervention and completed a modified questionnaire at the same time points. RESULTS: Exercise participants (n=30) reported a reduction in frequency (p<0.05) and severity (p<0.05) of PRMDs at T1 but not at T2 compared to controls (n=23). The exercise group reported a significant improvement in RPE during private practice at T1 (p<0.01) and T2 (p<0.01), but not during rehearsal and performance. At T1, the intervention was rated to be moderately to highly effective for three performance-related factors: strengthening muscles that support playing, learning techniques that support playing, and posture. Further, participants reported an intervention effect on overall playing capacity during rehearsal at T1 and T2. CONCLUSIONS: A tailored exercise program for musicians was effective at managing PRMDs, especially in reducing the frequency and severity of PRMDs. Physical therapy exercises should be considered in modifying performance-related factors that have been reported to be predictors of PRMDs.

Loss of Life and Loss of Bodily Integrity: Two Different Sources of Threat for People who are Ill

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda L. Viney
Keyword(s):  
Healthy People ◽  
Personal Construct ◽  
Personal Construct Theory ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Construct Theory ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Different Sources

Personal construct theory was used to generate some questions about the meanings that different types of threat–loss of life and loss of bodily integrity–hold for people who are severely ill. Content analyses of the responses of ill people and healthy people indicated that ill people expressed more concern with both types of threat than healthy people. Ill people who were suffering from acute rather than chronic illness, who were scheduled for surgery and who were hospitalized rather than being cared for at home expressed more concern about loss of life but not about loss of bodily integrity than other ill people. Each type of threatened loss was found to be associated with a different set of psychological states for people who were ill. Threat of loss of life was associated with indirectly expressed anger and uncertainty but also with the expression of many positive feelings. Threat of loss of bodily integrity was also associated with indirectly expressed anger, but with direct expression of it too, together with hopelessness and helplessness. Patients facing the first threat saw themselves as actively engaged in relationships with others, while those facing the second viewed themselves more often as passive participants. The value of this information about the meanings of threats of loss of life and loss of bodily integrity for the counseling of ill people dealing with these threats was illustrated by two case studies.

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