DEVELOPMENT AND EMPIRICAL VALIDATION OF SYMMETRIC COMPONENT MEASURES OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL CONSTRUCTS: CUSTOMER AND COMPETITOR ORIENTATION

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANS EIBE SORENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Validation ◽  
Symmetric Component ◽  
Competitor Orientation

Development and Empirical Validation of Symmetric Component Measures of Multidimensional Constructs: Customer and Competitor Orientation

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Eibe Sørensen ◽  
Stanley F. Slater
Keyword(s):  
Market Orientation ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Customer Orientation ◽  
Empirical Validation ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Symmetric Component ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Symmetrical Component ◽  
Average Variance ◽  
Competitor Orientation

Atheoretical measure purification may lead to construct deficient measures. The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretically driven procedure for the development and empirical validation of symmetric component measures of multidimensional constructs. Particular emphasis is placed on establishing a formalized three-step procedure for achieving a posteriori content validity. Then the procedure is applied to development and empirical validation of two symmetrical component measures of market orientation, customer orientation and competitor orientation. Analysis suggests that average variance extracted is particularly critical to reliability in the re-specification of multi-indicator measures. In relation to this, the results also identify possible deficiencies in using Cronbach alpha for establishing reliable and valid measures.

scholarly journals Testing the Applicability of Narver and Slater’s Market Orientation Concept and Firm Performance in Botswana Companies

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olumide Jaiyeoba ◽  
Donatus Amanze
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Customer Orientation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symmetric Component ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Competitor Orientation

<p><em>In existing Market orientation research,</em><em> </em><em>the components of the market orientation construct are generally theorized to follow the conceptualizations of either Kholi and Jaworski</em><em> </em><em>(1990)</em><em> </em><em>or Narver and Slater</em><em> </em><em>(1990).</em><em> </em><em>This study looks into the nature of the correlational relationship between market orientation and firm performance using sample data from firms in Botswana.</em><em> </em><em>How Narver and Slater’s scale for measuring the extent of market orientation is investigated,</em><em> </em><em>tested,</em><em> </em><em>and used for Botswana Context.</em><em> </em><em>Two symmetric component measures of market orientation</em><em> </em><em>(customer orientation and Competitor orientation)</em><em> </em><em>are developed,</em><em> </em><em>tested in a cross-sectional questionnaire survey.</em><em> </em><em>Result show a positive correlation between market orientation and business performance,</em><em> </em><em>and Narver and Slater’s scale was discovered to be better suited for Botswana context, when focusing on the symmetric component measures of customer orientation and competitor orientation.</em><em> </em><em>Academicians are thus provided with insights with respect to the content and symmetry of component measures of market orientation construct and their relation to Botswana’s firm Performance.</em><em></em></p>

Truth Matters: Cognitive Integrity as an Intervention for Self-Deception

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Isabel Gorlin ◽  
Michael W. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Empirical Validation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adaptive Problem

To live well in the present, we take direction from the past. Yet, individuals may engage in a variety of behaviors that distort their past and current circumstances, reducing the likelihood of adaptive problem solving and decision making. In this article, we attend to self-deception as one such class of behaviors. Drawing upon research showing both the maladaptive consequences and self-perpetuating nature of self-deception, we propose that self-deception is an understudied risk and maintaining factor for psychopathology, and we introduce a “cognitive-integrity”-based approach that may hold promise for increasing the reach and effectiveness of our existing therapeutic interventions. Pending empirical validation of this theoretically-informed approach, we posit that patients may become more informed and autonomous agents in their own therapeutic growth by becoming more honest with themselves.

Taking Aim at Attack Advertising

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Fridkin ◽  
Patrick Kenney
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Empirical Validation ◽  
Negative Campaigning ◽  
Senate Elections ◽  
Campaign Messages ◽  
Negative Messages ◽  
The Impact

This book develops and tests the “tolerance and tactics theory of negativity.” The theory argues that citizens differ in their tolerance of negative campaigning. Also, candidates vary in the tactics used to attack their opponents, with negative messages varying in their relevance to voters and in the civility of their tone. The interplay between citizens’ tolerance of negativity and candidates’ negative messages helps clarify when negative campaigning will influence citizens’ evaluations of candidates and their likelihood of voting. A diverse set of data sources was collected from U.S. Senate elections (e.g., survey data, experiments, content analysis, focus groups) across several years to test the theory. The tolerance and tactics theory of negativity receives strong empirical validation. First, people differ systematically in their tolerance for negativity, and their tolerance changes over the course of the campaign. Second, people’s levels of tolerance consistently and powerfully influence how they assess negative messages. Third, the relevance and civility of negative messages consistently influence citizens’ assessments of candidates competing for office. That is, negative messages focusing on relevant topics and utilizing an uncivil tone produce significant changes in people’s impressions of the candidates. Furthermore, people’s tolerance of negativity influences their susceptibility to negative campaigning. Specifically, relevant and uncivil messages are most influential for people who are least tolerant of negative campaigning. The relevance and civility of campaign messages also alter people’s likelihood of voting, and the impact of negative messages on turnout is more consequential for people with less tolerance of negativity.

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