Female Substance Abusers: Need for Research

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Mejta ◽  
Sylvia Van Berschot ◽  
Mary Vermillion
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Substance Use And Abuse

A brief note describes the incidence of substance abuse by females as reported by state and national agencies and an additional description of the limited research available. The data reported by these agencies indicate a staggering number of women are involved in substance use and abuse. Despite the large number of women using and abusing substances, an inspection of the Research Issues Update, 1978 indicates that only 11% of the studies investigated behavior of females. Such results indicate a need for additional research.

A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Substance Use

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dante Cicchetti ◽  
Fred A. Rogosch
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Developmental Tasks ◽  
Developmental Systems ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Substance Use And Abuse ◽  
Successful Resolution

In this chapter, a developmental psychopathology conceptualization of child maltreatment is presented as an overarching heuristic with relevance for understanding the development of alcohol and substance use and abuse. This chapter also provides illustrations from research on how child maltreatment contributes to problem substance use in adolescence. Child maltreatment represents an extreme failure of the caregiving environment to provide many of the expectable experiences necessary to facilitate normal developmental processes. Maltreatment ushers in a probabilistic epigenesis for children characterized by an increased likelihood of failure and disruption in the successful resolution of major developmental tasks. These repeated disruptions lead to compromised developmental organizations of diverse developmental systems that increase the probability of the emergence of maladaptation, psychopathology, and substance abuse as negative transactions between the child and the environment ensue. Person-centered personality organizations and genetic moderation of maltreatment risk on substance use outcomes are also highlighted.

Some Aspects of Social Phobia and its Relationship with Substance use Disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
N. Dostanic ◽  
A. Djeric ◽  
J. Daragan-Saveljic ◽  
S. Raicevic
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Withdrawal Syndromes

Social Phobia (SP) is one of the most prevalent anxiety disorder, characterized by overwhelming anxiety and excessive self-consciousness in everyday social situations. People with social phobia have an intense, persistent, and chronic fear of being watched and judged by others and of doing things that will embarrass them. This excessive anxiety usually leads to avoidance behavior that can severely affect normal daily living. SP usually begins in childhood or early adolescence. There is some evidence that genetic factors are involved.A number of studies have emphasized the high co-morbidity of social phobia with a number of other psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders. Though clearly elevated there is much debate as to the nature of this relationship. Substance abuse may develop if people try to self-medicate their anxiety and make thamselves more comfortable in social situations. Anxiety may be a result of alcohol or drug abuse due to a substance's anxiogenic effects or through protracted withdrawal syndromes. Substance abusers incur more pathological and unstable life circumstances, making them more susceptible to future stress and anxiety; and there may be a genetic susceptibility in some people which makes them vulnerable to both disorders.The purpose of this article is to summarize research findings on SP and its complex relationship with substance use disorder. Clinical anxiety and substance abuse both warrant treatment and in all likelihood, each helps perpetuate the other.

A Study of Drugs and Substance Abuse among Adolescents of Slum Dwellers

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Mridula Sharma ◽  
Moni Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
The World

Drugs and substance abuse and dependence has become a worldwide public health crisis. The abuse of drug is an international problem, which affects almost every country in the world, both developed and developing. The present study was carried out with the objective: To study the prevalence and patterns of drugs and substance abuse among adolescents, living in slum of Meerut. A survey was conducted on slum area of Nauchandi compound, Meerut District. Sample was collected from 110 boys of 12 to 16 years old. The survey was based on drug addiction habits. Results shows that 46.36 % adolescents of the slum area used substance like Gutkha, Tobacco, Smoking, Alcohol, Afeem, Ganja, Thinner and Marijuana. 54.91% admitted to using one time, 23.53% admitted rarely, 15.68% admitted occasionally and 5.88%   admitted that they have craving for drugs, so use frequently. The most common substances used were Gutkha 46.36%, tobacco 40.91%, smoking 37.27%, and alcohol 13.63%.  8.18% substance abusers used multiple substances. Synthetic narcotics and LSD were not used by any of the abusers. Our study revealed that prevalence of substance use among adolescents is high and cause significant problem in this population, therefore there is necessity of targeted interventions to reduce this huge burden.

The Oxford Handbook of Adolescent Substance Abuse

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Adolescent Substance Abuse ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Substance Use And Abuse ◽  
Drug Problems

This Handbook explores the origins, development, and course of substance use as it emerges and unfolds in adolescence. Given the large causal network involved in adolescent substance use and abuse as well as its powerful impact, both at the time of use and in terms of the long term outcomes and complications of use, the domains covered by this volume range from infancy to adulthood, and from molecular genetics to social policy. The book is organized into eight sections, beginning with a review of the conceptual framework. It explains why a developmental framework is essential in understanding the adolescent period and goes on to discuss the epidemiology of substance use and abuse. It then examines the similarities and differences among the different drugs of abuse, namely: nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, prescription drugs, and other illicit drugs. The remaining sections deal with etiology and course in the context of adolescent development; the correlation between developmental tasks and adolescent substance abuse; clinical symptomatology and comorbidity; and the different assessment and intervention methods that have been developed to address the problem of adolescent alcohol and other drug abuse. These interventions include targeted prevention approaches, family-based treatments, twelve-step approaches, and inpatient and outpatient models. The book concludes with a chapter that analyzes the multi-level structure of public policy for the prevention of alcohol, tobacco, and drug problems among the youth.

Systematic review of risk and protective factors associated with substance use and abuse in individuals with autism spectrum disorders

Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelaine Ressel ◽  
Brittni Thompson ◽  
Marie-Hélène Poulin ◽  
Claude L Normand ◽  
Marissa H Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Substance Use And Abuse

A systematic review of autism spectrum disorder and substance use and abuse was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol guidelines (an internationally recognized standardized methodological framework for conducting systematic review). The objectives of the review were to update and extend findings reported by Arnevik and Helverschou’s review of the autism spectrum disorder and substance use literature by (1) evaluating study quality via the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool; (2) examining autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse diagnostic measures; (3) reporting on the prevalence of co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse; and (4) identifying risk, protective, and positive treatment factors. Twenty-six studies on substance use and abuse in autism spectrum disorder were identified through a search of MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Google Scholar. Average study quality score was 75.4%. Prevalence rates of substance abuse among samples with autism spectrum disorder ranged from 1.3% to 36%, but due to variability in sample characteristics and diagnostic measures, a general prevalence rate could not be established. Risk and protective factors, recognized in the general population, such as familial substance abuse and comorbid externalizing disorders, and factors, which may be more likely to occur in individuals with autism spectrum disorder compared to the general population, such as few social resources (i.e. sense of social belonging, breadth of social support networks, and level of social capital) and low sensation-seeking, were identified. One intervention study was identified; however, methodological limitations preclude any conclusion regarding positive treatment factors at this time. More research, using standardized measures and comparable samples, is needed to understand risk and protective factors and to determine the prevalence of co-occurring substance abuse and autism spectrum disorder. Lay Abstract Symptoms characteristic of autism spectrum disorder were initially believed to protect individuals with autism spectrum disorder from developing substance abuse. However, recent studies suggest that up to 36% of individuals with autism spectrum disorder may have a co-occurring issue with substance abuse. In addition, substance abuse may worsen the difficulties with daily functioning some individuals with autism spectrum disorder experience. It is important to understand occurrence rates, and risk, protective and positive treatment factors of co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse in order to promote the best possible support for this special population. This review aimed to find and synthesize evidence regarding risk, protective and treatment factors, and determine a general prevalence rate of co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse from all studies on substance use and abuse in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. The review also aimed to assess study quality and identify a diagnostic measure for substance abuse in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Twenty-six studies on substance use and abuse in autism spectrum disorder were included in the review. The rates of substance abuse among those with autism spectrum disorder identified by included studies ranged from 1.3% to 36%, but due to large differences in study methods, a general prevalence rate could not be determined. Risk and protective factors, recognized in the general population, such as familial substance abuse and co-occurring mental health issues, and factors which may be more likely to occur in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, such as limited social resources and low sensation-seeking, were identified. No diagnostic measures specific to individuals with autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse were identified. This review identified only one exploratory study on an adapted intervention for co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse. However, there were many methodological challenges in this study that limit the conclusions that can be drawn from the data. More research, using consistent methods, is needed to understand risk and protective factors and to determine the prevalence of substance abuse among individuals with autism spectrum disorder. The potential for co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse should be considered by professional working in both autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse services, as finding suggests substance abuse is possible among individuals with autism spectrum disorder and may occur more frequently than previously believed. In addition, autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse service providers should be sensitive to specific risk and protective factors identified by the review that may impact substance abuse course and outcomes.

Co-morbidity of personality disorders in individuals with substance use disorders

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 274-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Verheul
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Abuse Treatment ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Abuse Treatment ◽  
Routine Assessment ◽  
Morbid Conditions

SummaryThis review summarizes the recent literature about personality disorders among substance abusers. First, it will be shown that personality disorders are highly prevalent co-morbid conditions among addicted individuals. Second, it is argued that this co-morbidity is likely to be accounted for by multiple complex etiological relationships. Finally, the clinical relevance of routine assessment of (maladaptive) personality traits in individuals admitting for substance abuse treatment will be discussed.

Substance Abuse in Older Psychiatric Inpatients

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilman Wetterling ◽  
Klaus Junghanns
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Severe Withdrawal ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Multiple Substance ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders

Abstract. Aim: This study investigates the characteristics of older patients with substance abuse disorders admitted to a psychiatric department serving about 250.000 inhabitants. Methods: The clinical diagnoses were made according to ICD-10. The data of the patients with substance abuse were compared to a matched sample of psychiatric inpatients without substance abuse as well as to a group of former substance abusers with long-term abstinence. Results: 19.3 % of the 941 patients aged > 65 years showed current substance abuse, 9.4 % consumed alcohol, 7.9 % took benzodiazepines or z-drugs (zolpidem and zopiclone), and 7.0 % smoked tobacco. Multiple substance abuse was rather common (30.8 %). About 85 % of the substance abusers had psychiatric comorbidity, and about 30 % showed severe withdrawal symptoms. As with the rest of the patients, somatic multimorbidity was present in about 70 % of the substance abusers. Remarkable was the lower rate of dementia in current substance abusers. Conclusion: These results underscore that substance abuse is still a challenge in the psychiatric inpatient treatment of older people.

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