Systematic review of risk and protective factors associated with substance use and abuse in individuals with autism spectrum disorders

Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelaine Ressel ◽  
Brittni Thompson ◽  
Marie-Hélène Poulin ◽  
Claude L Normand ◽  
Marissa H Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Substance Use And Abuse

A systematic review of autism spectrum disorder and substance use and abuse was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol guidelines (an internationally recognized standardized methodological framework for conducting systematic review). The objectives of the review were to update and extend findings reported by Arnevik and Helverschou’s review of the autism spectrum disorder and substance use literature by (1) evaluating study quality via the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool; (2) examining autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse diagnostic measures; (3) reporting on the prevalence of co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse; and (4) identifying risk, protective, and positive treatment factors. Twenty-six studies on substance use and abuse in autism spectrum disorder were identified through a search of MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Google Scholar. Average study quality score was 75.4%. Prevalence rates of substance abuse among samples with autism spectrum disorder ranged from 1.3% to 36%, but due to variability in sample characteristics and diagnostic measures, a general prevalence rate could not be established. Risk and protective factors, recognized in the general population, such as familial substance abuse and comorbid externalizing disorders, and factors, which may be more likely to occur in individuals with autism spectrum disorder compared to the general population, such as few social resources (i.e. sense of social belonging, breadth of social support networks, and level of social capital) and low sensation-seeking, were identified. One intervention study was identified; however, methodological limitations preclude any conclusion regarding positive treatment factors at this time. More research, using standardized measures and comparable samples, is needed to understand risk and protective factors and to determine the prevalence of co-occurring substance abuse and autism spectrum disorder. Lay Abstract Symptoms characteristic of autism spectrum disorder were initially believed to protect individuals with autism spectrum disorder from developing substance abuse. However, recent studies suggest that up to 36% of individuals with autism spectrum disorder may have a co-occurring issue with substance abuse. In addition, substance abuse may worsen the difficulties with daily functioning some individuals with autism spectrum disorder experience. It is important to understand occurrence rates, and risk, protective and positive treatment factors of co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse in order to promote the best possible support for this special population. This review aimed to find and synthesize evidence regarding risk, protective and treatment factors, and determine a general prevalence rate of co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse from all studies on substance use and abuse in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. The review also aimed to assess study quality and identify a diagnostic measure for substance abuse in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Twenty-six studies on substance use and abuse in autism spectrum disorder were included in the review. The rates of substance abuse among those with autism spectrum disorder identified by included studies ranged from 1.3% to 36%, but due to large differences in study methods, a general prevalence rate could not be determined. Risk and protective factors, recognized in the general population, such as familial substance abuse and co-occurring mental health issues, and factors which may be more likely to occur in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, such as limited social resources and low sensation-seeking, were identified. No diagnostic measures specific to individuals with autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse were identified. This review identified only one exploratory study on an adapted intervention for co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse. However, there were many methodological challenges in this study that limit the conclusions that can be drawn from the data. More research, using consistent methods, is needed to understand risk and protective factors and to determine the prevalence of substance abuse among individuals with autism spectrum disorder. The potential for co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse should be considered by professional working in both autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse services, as finding suggests substance abuse is possible among individuals with autism spectrum disorder and may occur more frequently than previously believed. In addition, autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse service providers should be sensitive to specific risk and protective factors identified by the review that may impact substance abuse course and outcomes.

scholarly journals Risk and protective factors underlying depression and suicidal ideation in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 648-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Hedley ◽  
Mirko Uljarević ◽  
Kitty-Rose Foley ◽  
Amanda Richdale ◽  
Julian Trollor
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder

A conceptual model of risk and protective factors associated with internalizing symptoms in autism spectrum disorder: A scoping review, synthesis, and call for more research

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1254-1272
Author(s):  
Heather A. Yarger ◽  
Elizabeth Redcay
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Adults With Autism

AbstractThis paper reviews and synthesizes key areas of research related to the etiology, development, and maintenance of internalizing symptoms in children, adolescents, and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In developing an integrated conceptual model, we draw from current conceptual models of internalizing symptoms in ASD and extend the model to include factors related to internalizing within other populations (e.g., children that have experienced early life stress, children with other neurodevelopmental conditions, typically developing children) that have not been systematically examined in ASD. Our review highlights the need for more research to understand the developmental course of internalizing symptoms, potential moderators, and the interplay between early risk and protective factors. Longitudinal studies incorporating multiple methods and both environmental and biological factors will be important in order to elucidate these mechanisms.

Risk and protective factors for symptoms of anxiety and depression in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Bezerra Machado Junior ◽  
Meline Ivone Oliveira Celestino ◽  
Juliane Penalva Costa Serra ◽  
Jean Caron ◽  
Milena Pereira Pondé
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Anxiety And Depression

scholarly journals What is the prevalence of self-harming and suicidal behaviour in under 18s with autism spectrum disorder, with or without an intellectual disability?

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S279-S279
Author(s):  
Rosalind Oliphant ◽  
Eleanor Smith ◽  
Victoria Grahame
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
General Population ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Autistic Adults ◽  
The Impact

AimsThe aims of this systematic review are to summarise data on the prevalence of suicidal behaviours and self-harm in under 18s with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and consider the impact of Intellectual Disability (ID). It was hypothesised that the prevalence of these behaviours may be higher in under 18s with ASD than in the general population.BackgroundIn the general population, rates of self-harm and suicide in under 18s are of increasing concern. Whilst there is an emerging evidence base considering suicidality in autistic adults, less in known about the experience of under 18s. There has been very little research focused on how self-harm seen within the general population presents in the context of ASD and whether it continues to be a predictor of future suicidal behaviour. This may be partly due to self-harm being considered alongside Self-Injurious Behaviours (SIB), which have long been recognised as part of the clinical presentation of ASD and may have other functions (e.g. fulfilling sensory stimulation needs).MethodA systematic literature search was conducted in line with PRISMA guidelines. For this review, all papers that included data on prevalence of self-harm and/or suicidal behaviours in under 18s with ASD were included. Studies that only reported on the prevalence of the broader entity of SIB (characterised as stereotypic or habitual) were excluded.Result338 papers were initially identified and 9 met eligibility criteria. There was considerable variation in how different aspects of self-harm and suicidal behaviours were addressed between groups and also between population samples, making it difficult to generalise the findings. The prevalence of self-harming and suicidal behaviours ranged from 7% to 73%, indicating that this is a clinically significant problem for this patient group. The only study that considered the impact of co-existing ID did not identify significant differences between groups (ID vs no ID).ConclusionThere was variation in the reported prevalence rates but results suggested that rates of both self-harm and suicidal behaviour may be elevated in under 18s with ASD compared to the general population. This is in keeping with literature relating to autistic adults but in contrast to conclusions of a previous systematic review. This review highlights the need for further research to explore the experience of self-harm and suicidal behaviour in autistic children and young people.

CONSUMO DE SUSTANCIAS EN TRASTORNO DEL ESPECTRO AUTISTA: ¿SÍNTOMA O COMORBILIDAD?

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Substance Use And Abuse ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Consumo De Sustancias ◽  
Uso De Sustancias

Descripción del caso Varón de 24 años diagnosticado de Trastorno del Especto Autista en la adolescencia que inicia consumo de sustancias con 15 años. En el momento actual se encuentra independizado realizando estudios superiores. Su único soporte social es su pareja. Ingresa por amenazas autolíticas ante la imposibilidad de consumir tóxicos. Intervención El paciente presenta, desde el inicio de su seguimiento, una evolución tórpida derivada principalmente del consumo y de las conductas de búsqueda de sustancias psicoactivas. A los 15 años inicia el uso de tóxicos con cannabis y dextrometorfano, a los 17 años ya consumía semanalmente heroína y cocaína fumadas, dicho consumo se ha mantenido hasta la actualidad. Presenta múltiples ingresos por intentos autolíticos. Ha tenido conflictos legales llegando incluso a cumplir condenas de privación de libertad. El patrón de consumo es rígido, asociado a un interés restringido por el uso de sustancias y la experimentación de estados alterados de conciencia. Al explorar sus intereses el paciente cita las sustancias psicoactivas, la lingüística y la política china. Resultados y conclusiones: Las características clínicas más llamativas del Trastorno de Espectro Autista son la dificultad en la interacción social así como los intereses restringidos y las conductas repetitivas y esterotipadas. Suscita dudas sobre qué papel tiene el consumo de tóxicos en este caso, como síntoma (intereses restringidos que condicionan la actividad diaria), también se puede entender como una comorbilidad que ensombrece el pronóstico y evolución. Bibliografia 1. Kunreuther E. Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance Use Disorder. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. Elsevier BV; 2020Jul;29(3):467–81. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2020.03.002 2. Ressel M, Thompson B, Poulin M-H, Normand CL, Fisher MH, Couture G, et al. Systematic review of risk and protective factors associated with substance use and abuse in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Autism. SAGE Publications; 2020May;24(4):899–918. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361320910963

Parent Education in Studies With Nonverbal and Minimally Verbal Participants With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 890-902
Author(s):  
Lynn Kern Koegel ◽  
Katherine M. Bryan ◽  
Pumpki Lei Su ◽  
Mohini Vaidya ◽  
Stephen Camarata
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Fidelity Of Implementation ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Minimally Verbal ◽  
Parent Education Programs

Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to identify parent education procedures implemented in intervention studies focused on expressive verbal communication for nonverbal (NV) or minimally verbal (MV) children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Parent education has been shown to be an essential component in the habilitation of individuals with ASD. Parents of individuals with ASD who are NV or MV may particularly benefit from parent education in order to provide opportunities for communication and to support their children across the life span. Method ProQuest databases were searched between the years of 1960 and 2018 to identify articles that targeted verbal communication in MV and NV individuals with ASD. A total of 1,231 were evaluated to assess whether parent education was implemented. We found 36 studies that included a parent education component. These were reviewed with regard to (a) the number of participants and participants' ages, (b) the parent education program provided, (c) the format of the parent education, (d) the duration of the parent education, (e) the measurement of parent education, and (f) the parent fidelity of implementation scores. Results The results of this analysis showed that very few studies have included a parent education component, descriptions of the parent education programs are unclear in most studies, and few studies have scored the parents' implementation of the intervention. Conclusions Currently, there is great variability in parent education programs in regard to participant age, hours provided, fidelity of implementation, format of parent education, and type of treatment used. Suggestions are made to provide both a more comprehensive description and consistent measurement of parent education programs.

Herbal Medicine as an Alternative Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francielly Mourao Gasparotto ◽  
Francislaine Aparecida dos Reis Lívero ◽  
Sara Emilia Lima Tolouei Menegati ◽  
Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder
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