The Skeleton Key—A Curiosity

1984 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-50
Author(s):  
Paul H. Wiener
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Basic Level

The novel Skeleton Key technique was developed to determine the probable correct answers to questions whose correct answers are unknown, but for which the answers of a large number of people are available. The technique is a bootstraps' method that assumes a basic level of internal consistency of answers to a set of questions. It works according to the principle of psychometric discrimination but in reverse of the usual application. The operation of the technique is explained, and successful trials are reported.

scholarly journals Still Suspicious: The Suspicious-Coincidence Effect Revisited

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 2039-2047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly L. Lewis ◽  
Michael C. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Level Of Abstraction ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Coincidence Effect ◽  
Subordinate Meaning ◽  
Basic Level

Imagine hearing someone call a particular dalmatian a “dax.” The meaning of the novel noun dax is ambiguous between the subordinate meaning (dalmatian) and the basic-level meaning (dog). Yet both children and adults successfully learn noun meanings at the intended level of abstraction from similar evidence. Xu and Tenenbaum (2007a) provided an explanation for this apparent puzzle: Learners assume that examples are sampled from the true underlying category (strong sampling), making cases in which there are more observed exemplars more consistent with a subordinate meaning than cases in which there are fewer exemplars (the suspicious-coincidence effect). Authors of more recent work (Spencer, Perone, Smith, & Samuelson, 2011) have questioned the relevance of this finding, however, arguing that the effect occurs only when the examples are presented to the learner simultaneously. Across a series of 12 experiments ( N = 600), we systematically manipulated several experimental parameters that varied across previous studies, and we successfully replicated the findings of both sets of authors. Taken together, our data suggest that the suspicious-coincidence effect in fact is robust to presentation timing of examples but is sensitive to another factor that varied in the Spencer et al. (2011) experiments, namely, trial order. Our work highlights the influence of pragmatics on behavior in experimental tasks.

scholarly journals Restrictions and Methodologies for Distributed Sensor Network Security using Sensor Node Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S2) ◽  
pp. 649-651
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Edge Information ◽  
Distributed Sensor ◽  
High Data ◽  
Distributed Sensor Network ◽  
Physical Sensors ◽  
Sensor Network Security ◽  
Basic Level ◽  
Wide Assortment

Dissipated sensor outlines (DSNs) impact the amazing filtering of edge information utilizing a wide assortment of physical sensors (for example acoustic, seismic, visual) through a uniquely named remote framework affiliation. Advances in little scale electromechanical frameworks (MEMS) improvement empower instruments to be reprogrammable in the field of battle, self-obligatory and low-basic, remote, multi-impact the board while, simultaneously, requiring on a very basic level unimportant pre-plan. So as to strengthen dependably the molded controller, affiliation and broadcasting fringes, the device frameworks will productively deal with both the decentralized control and the self-ruling direct sensor. Sensor gatherings will be little, lightweight, expert and low-control. Gone in sporadic diagrams over the finished remote and as every now and again as possible undermining conditions, will the sensor center around self-choice mean agreeable, dissipated developments? Sensor structures should be effective and enduring, paying little character to the novel focal point of disappointment and sporadic system. High data verification will be furnished with little regard to the utilization of unattended sensor bunches with reasonably touchy impenetrability to adjustment.

Why the cavity-mode method for deriving Planck's law is flawed

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
F E Irons
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Cavity Mode ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Supportive Evidence ◽  
Mode Method ◽  
Planck’S Law ◽  
Detailed Balancing

The cavity-mode method for deriving Planck's law (the method pioneered by Lord Rayleigh in 1900 for the regime hv << kT) is known to lack internal consistency. Past attempts at bypassing the inconsistency have proceeded by postulating a novel type of interaction between radiation and matter, one which contrasts with the type of interaction to be found in the widely accepted, detailed balancing method for deriving Planck's law (the method pioneered by Planck and Einstein). The paper examines this issue and finds that the novel interaction is an invention without supportive evidence, being just the type of interaction needed to bypass the inconsistency. The conclusion is that the inconsistency remains real and the cavity-mode method for deriving Planck's law remains flawed.PACS Nos.: 01.55.+b, 42.50.–p

Comparison, basic-level categories, and the teaching of adjectives

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHERINE MANDERS ◽  
D. GEOFFREY HALL
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Familiar Object ◽  
Strong Preference ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
Target Property ◽  
Clear Preference ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
Basic Level ◽  
Insight Into

We tested 24 caregivers of preschool children to determine whether their strategies for teaching novel adjectives are consistent with children's demonstrated abilities to learn these words (e.g. Waxman & Klibanoff, 2000). On each of four trials, caregivers had to select one of two cards, both of which showed a familiar object bearing an unfamiliar property. On the within-basic card, the object was accompanied by a second object from the same basic-level category; on the across-basic card, this second object came from a different basic-level category. Caregivers' task was to choose the card that would be more helpful to teach a novel adjective for the unfamiliar property. If the second object differed from the first in terms of a novel target property, caregivers (N = 12) stated a strong preference for the within-basic card. If the two objects agreed in terms of the novel property, caregivers (N = 12) indicated a clear preference for the across-basic card. The findings offer new insight into the speed and efficiency of lexical development, by revealing that word teachers, like word learners (cf. Waxman & Klibanoff, 2000), are sensitive to the conditions under which certain contrasts (in property or in basic-level category) are effective in promoting the successful acquisition of novel adjectives.

The novel steroidal glycoside from the dried bulb of Allium Macrostemon Bunge inhibits platelet activation

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S33-S33
Author(s):  
Wenchao Ou ◽  
Haifeng Chen ◽  
Yun Zhong ◽  
Benrong Liu ◽  
Keji Chen
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Steroidal Glycoside ◽  
Allium Macrostemon
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