Relationship of Self-Esteem, IQ, and Task Performance for a Sample of USA Undergraduates

1985 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex D. Lynch ◽  
Peter Clark
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Sample Problem ◽  
Correct Analysis ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
And Task

Assessments of self-esteem, IQ, and performance on a cognitively demanding task were obtained from 45 college undergraduates. In addition, subjects were asked to predict how well they thought they would do on the “cognitive task” after having seen one sample problem, to estimate how well they thought they had done after completing all of the problems, how difficult they thought each problem was, and how certain they were that their answer was correct. Analysis indicated that self-esteem was significantly related to performance, independently of the covarying effect of intelligence. Contrary to expectations, however, individuals high in self-esteem did not predict that they would do better, and they did not express more confidence in their answers to the problems. Methodological and substantive implications pertaining to the mechanism whereby self-esteem influences achievement are discussed.

Emotional Intelligence and Task Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola S. Schutte ◽  
Edward Schuettpelz ◽  
John M. Malouff
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cognitive Task Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
University Settings ◽  
And Task

Theory and some empirical research suggest that there is a relationship between emotions and performance on cognitive tasks. The construct of emotional intelligence may provide a vehicle for exploring the connection between emotions and cognitive task performance. The present study tested the hypotheses that: a) individuals with higher emotional intelligence would perform better on cognitive tasks; and b) they would be better able to deal with the frustration or helplessness that may result from encountering very difficult tasks. Participants recruited from community and university settings participated in a study in which their emotional intelligence was assessed and they worked on three sets of anagrams. The first set of anagrams was moderately difficult, the second set was very difficult, and the third set was again moderately difficult. The first hypothesis was supported in that participants higher in emotional intelligence solved more problems on the first set of moderately difficult anagrams. The second hypothesis was supported in that the participants higher in emotional intelligence solved more problems after encountering a very difficult and frustrating set of problems, even when initial performance was held constant. The results suggest that study of the emotional intelligence construct holds promise for better understanding and perhaps in the future enhancing cognitive task performance.

scholarly journals Expectancy of Stress-Reducing Aromatherapy Effect and Performance on a Stress-Sensitive Cognitive Task

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Chamine ◽  
Barry S. Oken
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
N200 Amplitude ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
And Performance

Objective. Stress-reducing therapies help maintain cognitive performance during stress. Aromatherapy is popular for stress reduction, but its effectiveness and mechanism are unclear. This study examined stress-reducing effects of aromatherapy on cognitive function using the go/no-go (GNG) task performance and event related potentials (ERP) components sensitive to stress. The study also assessed the importance of expectancy in aromatherapy actions.Methods. 81 adults were randomized to 3 aroma groups (active experimental, detectable, and undetectable placebo) and 2 prime subgroups (prime suggesting stress-reducing aroma effects or no-prime). GNG performance, ERPs, subjective expected aroma effects, and stress ratings were assessed at baseline and poststress.Results. No specific aroma effects on stress or cognition were observed. However, regardless of experienced aroma, people receiving a prime displayed faster poststress median reaction times than those receiving no prime. A significant interaction for N200 amplitude indicated divergent ERP patterns between baseline and poststress for go and no-go stimuli depending on the prime subgroup. Furthermore, trends for beneficial prime effects were shown on poststress no-go N200/P300 latencies and N200 amplitude.Conclusion. While there were no aroma-specific effects on stress or cognition, these results highlight the role of expectancy for poststress response inhibition and attention.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Stimulus novelty, task demands, and strategy use in episodic memory

2020 ◽  
pp. 174702182098030
Author(s):  
Otto Waris ◽  
Daniel Fellman ◽  
Jussi Jylkkä ◽  
Matti Laine
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Cognitive Task Performance ◽  
And Task

Cognitive task performance is a dynamic process that evolves over time, starting from the first encounters with a task. An important aspect of these task dynamics is the employment of strategies to support successful performance and task acquisition. Focusing on episodic memory performance, we: (1) tested two hypotheses on the effects of novelty and task difficulty on strategy use; (2) replicated our previous results regarding strategy use in a novel memory task; and (3) evaluated whether repeated open-ended strategy queries affect task performance and/or strategy use. The present pre-registered online study comprised 161 adult participants who were recruited through the Prolific crowdsourcing platform. We employed two separate 5-block list learning tasks, one with 10 pseudowords and the other with 18 common nouns, and collected recall performance and strategy reports for each block. Using Bayesian linear mixed effects models, the present findings (1) provide some support for the hypothesis that task-initial strategy development is not triggered only by task novelty, but can appear also in a familiar, moderately demanding task; (2) replicate earlier findings from an adaptive working memory task indicating strategy use from the beginning of a task, associations between strategy use and objective task performance, and only modest agreement between open-ended vs. list-based strategy reports; and (3) indicate that repeated open-ended strategy reports do not affect objective recall. We conclude that strategy use is an important aspect of memory performance right from the start of a task, and it undergoes development at the initial stages depending on task characteristics. In a larger perspective, the present results concur with the views of skill learning and adaptivity in cognitive task performance.

Gender-Related Personality Attributes and Reaction to Success/Failure: An Examination of Mediating Variables

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate Welch ◽  
Meg Gerrard ◽  
Aletha Huston
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Perceived Ability ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Group Success ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Related Personality

The effects of success and failure on task performance, and attributions about performance, were compared for high and low instrumental college women. For the high instrumental group, success facilitated task performance, whereas failure had no debilitating effect; for the low instrumental group, success had no effect on subsequent performance, whereas failure interfered with it. High instrumental women attributed their success primarily to internal factors and their failures to external tactors (the “egotistical” attribution profile), whereas low instrumentar women revealed the opposite profile. The gender-appropriateness of the task had little effect on performance or attribution. Four potential mediators of these differences were investigated: self-esteem, perceived ability, expectancy of success, and attainment value. High-instrumental women's higher perceived ability and performance expectations accounted for their superior task performance, but none of the four mediators accounted for the relationship of instrumentality to attributions.

SELF-ESTEEM AND TASK PERFORMANCE IN QUALITY CIRCLES.

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brockner ◽  
T. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Quality Circles ◽  
And Task

Self-Esteem and Task Performance in Quality Circles

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-623
Author(s):  
Joel Brockner ◽  
Ted Hess
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Quality Circles ◽  
And Task

scholarly journals Movement and Performance Explain Widespread Cortical Activity in a Visual Detection Task

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 421-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B Salkoff ◽  
Edward Zagha ◽  
Erin McCarthy ◽  
David A McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Visual Detection ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Dorsal Cortex ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Task

Abstract Recent studies in mice reveal widespread cortical signals during task performance; however, the various task-related and task-independent processes underlying this activity are incompletely understood. Here, we recorded wide-field neural activity, as revealed by GCaMP6s, from dorsal cortex while simultaneously monitoring orofacial movements, walking, and arousal (pupil diameter) of head-fixed mice performing a Go/NoGo visual detection task and examined the ability of task performance and spontaneous or task-related movements to predict cortical activity. A linear model was able to explain a significant fraction (33–55% of variance) of widefield dorsal cortical activity, with the largest factors being movements (facial, walk, eye), response choice (hit, miss, false alarm), and arousal and indicate that a significant fraction of trial-to-trial variability arises from both spontaneous and task-related changes in state (e.g., movements, arousal). Importantly, secondary motor cortex was highly correlated with lick rate, critical for optimal task performance (high d′), and was the first region to significantly predict the lick response on target trials. These findings suggest that secondary motor cortex is critically involved in the decision and performance of learned movements and indicate that a significant fraction of trial-to-trial variation in cortical activity results from spontaneous and task-related movements and variations in behavioral/arousal state.

scholarly journals Inter-individual predictors of pain inhibition during performance of a competing cognitive task

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Tabry ◽  
T. A. Vogel ◽  
M. Lussier ◽  
P. Brouillard ◽  
J. Buhle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Pain Inhibition ◽  
And Task

AbstractThe main function of pain is to automatically draw attention towards sources of potential injury. However, pain sometimes needs to be inhibited in order to address or pursue more relevant tasks. Elucidating the factors that influence how people manage this relationship between pain and task performance is essential to understanding the disruptive nature of pain and its variability between individuals. Here, 41 healthy adults completed a challenging working memory task (2-back task) while receiving painful thermal stimulations. Examining the trial-by-trial relationship between pain perception and task performance revealed that pain’s disruptive effects on performance were mediated by self-reported pain intensity, and that the analgesic effects of a competing task were influenced by task performance. We found that higher pain catastrophizing, higher trait anxiety, and lower trait mindfulness were associated with larger trade-offs between pain perception and task performance, suggesting that these psychological factors can predict increased fluctuations between disruption by pain and analgesia from a competing task. Altogether these findings provide an important and novel perspective on our understanding of individual differences in the interplay between pain and ongoing task performance.

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