Subtest Scatter as an Indicator of the Inaccuracy of Short-Form Estimates of IQ

Short-forms of Wechsler intelligence tests have abounded in the literature and have been recommended for use as screening instruments in clinical and research settings. Clinicians who administer short-forms as screening devices are concerned with the accuracy of the resulting IQ estimate. LoBello recently recommended that subtest scatter might serve as an indicator that the resulting short-form IQ does not accurately estimate the IQ based on the entire scale. In this study, the data from 69 children who had taken the WPPSI—R were used to estimate the correlation for the differences between Full Scale WPPSI—R IQs on the complete test and on the short-form (four subtests) and the differences between the subtests with the highest and lowest scaled scores. The Pearson r of .02 indicates that subtest scatter is not related to the accuracy of the short-form IQ and will not reliably alert clinicians to the need to administer the entire battery.

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Short Form Tests for Gifted Screening: Comparison of the WISC-R and the Stanford-Binet: Fourth Edition

Canadian Journal of School Psychology ◽

10.1177/082957359200800113 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 120-125

Author(s):

Glenn DiPasquale ◽

David Rosehart ◽

Linda Kempa ◽

Claire Rooney ◽

Avrom Steinman

Keyword(s):

Short Form ◽

School Systems ◽

Screening Instruments ◽

Gifted Programs ◽

Fourth Edition ◽

Intelligence Scale ◽

High Functioning ◽

Cut Point ◽

Short Forms ◽

Complete Test

The purpose of the present study was to compare short forms of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R, Wechsler, 1974; 1989) and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition (SB:IV) as screening instruments for selecting children for gifted programs. A review of previous research suggested that the SB:IV, being considerably newer, yields lower scores than the WISC-R for high functioning children, but that research did not utilize short-form test batteries. In the present study, 51 subjects ranging in age from 8 years, 2 months to 9 years, 2 months, all of whom were being considered for placement in gifted programs, were administered short forms of the two tests. The results were consistent with previous findings using the complete test batteries, with over 80% of the subjects scoring lower on the SB:IV. In practical terms, the SB:IV identified only two subjects as scoring above the required cut-point, while the WISC-R identified 13. Implications for school systems are discussed in terms of the risk of possible overidentification of candidates for gifted programs when older test instruments are used.

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Comparative Test-Retest Stability of Four WAIS-R Selected Subtest Short Forms in Persons 75 to 87 Years of Age

Assessment ◽

10.1177/107319119400100409 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 401-405 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joseph J. Ryan ◽

Anthony M. Paolo ◽

Jay N. Van Fleet

Keyword(s):

Short Form ◽

Full Scale ◽

Comparative Test ◽

Short Forms ◽

Form Stability ◽

Verbal Performance

We compared the retest stability of selected WAIS-R short forms including the Kaufman, Ishikuma, & Kaufman-Packer; Reynolds, Wilson, and Clark; and Silverstein tetrads; and the Ward seven subtest abbreviation. Subjects were 61 normals with means for age and education of 78.93 years ( SD = 3.46) and 9.74 years ( SD = 1.91), respectively. The average retest interval was 65 days. Stability coefficients were .87, .94, and .89 for the Kaufman, Reynolds, and Silverstein tetrads, respectively. Coefficients on Ward's abbreviation were .88 on the Verbal, .91 on the Performance, and .93 on the Full Scales. Retest means changed by 3.03 points on Kaufman, -.38 on Reynolds, and .56 on Silverstein. Average changes were 2.36, 3.49, and 3.36 on the Ward Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale estimates. Short form stability in each instance was comparable to that of the standard WAIS-R.

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Short Forms of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1992.71.3f.1155 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 71 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1155-1160 ◽

Cited By ~ 158

Author(s):

Rebecca Ballard

Keyword(s):

Principal Components Analysis ◽

Social Desirability ◽

Principal Components ◽

Short Form ◽

Full Scale ◽

Social Desirability Scale ◽

Short Forms ◽

Scale Scores ◽

Components Analysis

Three short forms of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale were constructed from the results of principal components analysis ( N = 399). Those subscales were compared with short forms developed by previous researchers who used the same methodology. Examination of the subscales indicated that 13 of the scale's 33 items were isolated by at least two of the three reported studies. Those items were used to construct a composite subscale, which appeared to offer a useful alternative to the full scale. Further analysis of the subscale's contents, however, raised questions about the dimensionality of the Marlowe-Crowne scale. Caution was urged in the use and interpretation of both the full inventory and the short form until the meaning of scale scores can be clarified.

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Validity of Wais Short Forms

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1967.20.1.37 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 37-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. B. Silversteln

Keyword(s):

Short Form ◽

Full Scale ◽

Intelligence Test ◽

Short Forms ◽

Correlational Data ◽

Scale Data

A short-form intelligence test is commonly validated by determining irs correlation with the full scale from which it is taken, but it has been argued that this measure is less meaningful than the extent to which the short form agrees with the full scale in classifying individuals. A table is presented showing the theoretical agreement between the best duad, triad, tetrad, and pentad short forms of the WAIS and the Full Scale. Data on agreement may be more helpful than correlational data to the clinician who must decide whether to use a short form in place of the Full Scale.

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Comparative Validity of Two Wais—R Short Forms with Vocational Rehabilitation Clients

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1986.63.3.1303 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 1303-1308 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gypsy Abbott Clayton ◽

Gary L. Sapp ◽

Patricia O'Sullivan ◽

Livy Hall

Keyword(s):

Vocational Rehabilitation ◽

Emotionally Disturbed ◽

Short Form ◽

Block Design ◽

Mentally Retarded ◽

Full Scale ◽

Short Forms ◽

Picture Arrangement ◽

Misclassification Rates ◽

Physically Handicapped

Scores from two (Vocabulary, Block Design) and four (Arithmetic, Vocabulary, Block Design, and Picture Arrangement) subtest short forms of the WAIS—R were compared with the Full Scale IQs for vocational rehabilitation clients, 305 mentally retarded, emotionally disturbed, and physically handicapped subjects. Some large differences between mean IQs, some low correlations between IQs once corrected for spuriousness, and high misclassification rates suggest caution in using the short-form IQs. Use of the Full Scale IQ for screening vocational rehabilitation clients is recommended.

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Short, Shorter, Shortest

Assessment ◽

10.1177/107319119600300208 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 165-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Harold R. Miller ◽

David L. Streiner ◽

Joel O. Goldberg

Keyword(s):

Predictive Accuracy ◽

Short Form ◽

Full Scale ◽

Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Short Forms ◽

Scale Scores ◽

Multiple Regression Technique ◽

Iq Scores ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence

The accuracy of different subtest combinations in predicting Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQ, scores on the revised edition of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-R) was examined. A best subset multiple regression technique with sample sizes ranging from 1,062 to 1,084 individuals was used. All possible subtest combinations were analyzed to determine the ones that showed the three best and the single worst multiple Rs with IQ scores from the complete WAIS-R. All short forms provided accurate estimates of Full Scale scores, and predictive accuracy increased slightly as more subtests were used. The data suggest that statistically searching for a “best” short form is largely futile. Short forms should be selected on the basis of their efficiency to provide the information required.

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Effectiveness of WISC-R Short-Forms in Screening Gifted Children

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1982.51.3.1017 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 1017-1018

Author(s):

Larry Fell ◽

Susan Schmidt Fell

Keyword(s):

Short Form ◽

Full Scale ◽

Gifted Children ◽

Short Forms

The purpose of the present study was to determine which of 11 short-form combinations of only two subtests each was the most effective predictor of high WISC-R Full Scale IQ. WISC-R protocols of 92 children, aged 6–0 to 11–7, with Full Scale IQs ⩾ 130 ( M = 135.9) were reviewed. Using the subtest scores from these protocols, short-form combinations of Similarities-Vocabulary and Similarities-Object Assembly were the best predictors of Full Scale IQ ⩾ 130, perhaps useful for screening gifted children.

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Abbreviated Forms of the WISC-R

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1978.42.3.883 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 883-887 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

John Preston

Keyword(s):

Language Learning ◽

Short Form ◽

Mentally Retarded ◽

Full Scale ◽

Short Forms ◽

Impaired Children

The purpose of the present study was to validate the effectiveness of three forms of abbreviated WISC-Rs. 100 protocols from a group of mentally retarded and language/learning impaired children were rescored according to three different methods of abbreviation previously used with the WISC. Part-whole correlations, correlations of IQs from the original and short-forms, were quite high for each of the short-form methods, ranging from .92 to .93 for the Full Scale IQ. Though tests for significance between correlations demonstrated no statistically significant differences, the accuracy of the Finch, et al. method (1973) was superior in estimating IQ. All three methods are derived from complete administration of the WISC-R.

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Revisión de las formas abreviadas de la Escala de Inteligencia de Wechsler para Adultos

Psychology Society & Education ◽

10.25115/psye.v8i1.549 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 81 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raquel ÚBEDA ◽

Inmaculada FUENTES ◽

Carmen DASÍ

Keyword(s):

Short Form ◽

Full Scale ◽

Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Intelligence Scale ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Adult Intelligence ◽

Short Forms ◽

Intellectual Capacity ◽

Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽

Time Of Administration

RESUMEN: El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar una revisión teórica de las principales formas abreviadas que han sido desarrolladas por varios autores a partir de las distintas versiones de la Escala de inteligencia de Wechsler para adultos que han ido surgiendo a lo largo del tiempo. El desarrollo de formas cortas ha ido creciendo en paralelo a la aparición de las nuevas versiones de la escala completa. Una forma abreviada permite estimar la capacidad intelectual con un tiempo de administración menor, por lo que puede ser de gran utilidad si el objetivo de evaluación es obtener una medida general de la capacidad intelectual.Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale: Review of short formsABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to present a theoretical review of the main short forms that have been developed by several authors based on different versions of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The development of short forms has been growing parallel to the appearance of new versions of the full scale. A short form allows estimating the intellectual capacity of someone with less time of administration, which could be very useful if the assessment objective is to obtain an overall measure of intellectual capacity.

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Short Forms of the Mexican Version of the WISC—R in the Identification of Gifted Students

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1987.61.1.259 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 259-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Peter J. Wheaton ◽

Arvil F. Vandergriff

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Short Form ◽

Block Design ◽

Gifted Students ◽

Federal District ◽

Third Graders ◽

Full Scale ◽

The Public ◽

Short Forms ◽

Picture Arrangement

The WISC—RM subtest scores of 63 second and third graders of Superior and Very Superior abilities in the public schools of the Federal District of Mexico were analyzed to assess which short forms most effectively predict Full Scale IQs. The Similarities—Picture Arrangement (S—PA) dyad, and the Similarities—Vocabulary—Picture Arrangement (S—V—PA), and Vocabulary—Block Design—Picture Arrangement (V—BD—PA) triads were the best over-all predictors of Full Scale IQ. The best single short-form combination appears to be Similarities—Vocabulary—Picture Arrangement (S—V—PA).

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