Hopelessness in Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Steer ◽  
Geetha Kumar ◽  
Aaron T. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Beck Hopelessness Scale ◽  
The Future ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Adolescent Inpatients ◽  
Three Components

To study hopelessness in adolescent inpatients, we administered the Beck Hopelessness Scale to 108 inpatients between 12 and 17 years old who were diagnosed with mixed psychiatric disorders. Moderate to severe pessimism about the future was described by 42.6%. A principal components analysis of the correlations among the scale's 20 items was conducted, and three components reflecting rejection of the possibility of a hopeful future, acceptance of the inevitability of a hopeless future, and resignation to the futility of changing the future were identified. These dimensions were comparable to those previously reported for adults, and the usefulness of the scale for evaluating hopelessness in adolescent inpatients was discussed.

scholarly journals Estimationof a Tax Compliance Index with Specific Application to Pay-As-You-Earn

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathrine T Koloane ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Components Analysis

This article provides a composite index for Pay-As-You-Earn (PAYE)tax using Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The study uses time series from April 2012 to March 2020 (using monthly data) for the ratios derived from the four compliancemeasures namely, payments on time, registration on time, filing on time and accurate declarations. The index is computed using the weights of the four derived principal components. According to the model results, the PAYE tax compliance index averages around 75.0% for the period, with the lowest value of 72.3% in 2013/14 and the highestvalue of 77.1% achieved in 2018/19. There is a clear upward trend, indicating improving levels of compliance in PAYE. Similarly, setting the baseline index of 100 i.e. assuming 100% compliance for 2012/13, results in PAYE tax compliance index averaging around 101.6% for the period, with the lowest value of 97.72% in 2013/14 and the highest value of 104.26% achieved in 2018/19. The study recommends this methodology to be applied to all the tax products and that the overall tax compliance index be computed. This will assist tax authorities all over the world to actively monitor tax compliance levels and institute timeous corrective measures in order to address non-compliance and ultimately maximise PAYE revenue collections. Moreover, this study also serve as a base for many of the future tax compliance indices studies.

scholarly journals Analysis of Superposters' Motives for Participating in Online Forum Discussions

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-531
Author(s):  
Irena Miljković Krečar ◽  
Maja Kolega
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Online Forum ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Three Components

The main aim of this study was to identify factors which motivate daily participation of extremely active online forum members. An extensive online questionnaire was constructed and sent to the Forum.hr members with more than 8,000 posts. The final sample consisted of 112 respondents. Principal components analysis provided an interpretable three components solution, explaining 54.6% of the item variance. The components were labelled as self-esteem, information exchange, and confrontation. Some significant differences were also found among motivational subscales and variables of gender, age, and the intensity of forum activity. Results are discussed in relation to previous research.

Characterizing the Risk Factors for Financial Sustainability in Spanish Local Governments

2018 ◽  
pp. 206-223
Author(s):  
Isabel Brusca ◽  
Jorge Olmo ◽  
Margarita Labrador
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Three Components

This chapter aims to analyze the characteristics of Spanish governments that fail to achieve budgetary stability, as well as propose a model for the analysis of financial sustainability of governments that can help in predicting risk for financial sustainability. The analysis is focused on Spanish local governments with more than 5,000 inhabitants that have elaborated the annual plan because they did not achieve budgetary stability (79 local governments). Using the principal components analysis, the authors developed a model for the analysis of the characteristics of these governments. The model is made up of three components created from six indicators usually considered in the literature as relevant. The results evidence the indicators useful to measure the three dimensions identified by the IPSASB as relevant: revenue dimension, debt dimension, and public services dimension.

Components of Perceived Risk: A Reconciliation of Previous Findings

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (14) ◽  
pp. 888-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Young ◽  
Kenneth R. Laughery
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Coherent Picture ◽  
People’S Perceptions ◽  
Three Components

People's perceptions of the risk associated with a product, in large measure, determines the degree of caution they will exhibit with regard to that product. Previous attempts to examine risk and to determine what factors are important in the composition of risk have produced disparate findings. Specifically, some studies have demonstrated that likelihood of injury plays an important role in risk perceptions (e.g., Slovic, Fischhoff & Lichtenstein, 1980), and other research shows that severity of potential injury plays the foremost role (e.g., Wogalter, Desaulniers & Brelsford, 1986; 1987). It was not until risk was conceived of in multidimensional terms that a coherent picture of risk seemed possible. The present study uses principal components analysis (PCA) to see if stable multidimensional solutions could be extracted from two qualitatively (and significandy) different item lists (as demonstrated by Young, Wogalter & Brelsford, 1992). Two sets of subjects rated the two different item lists on the same rating questions. The results were collapsed across subjects and submitted to a PCA. The solutions that emerged from the two item lists were strikingly similar. Each produced three components, with similar variable loadings and magnitudes. The results demonstrate clearly that risk, conceived of multidimensionally, is not affected by the products, technologies or activities under consideration. Rather, risk is a construct that could be tapped in order to give people a proper appreciation of the hazards associated with products and technologies that they encounter every day.

Men’s Sexual Coercion in Intimate Relationships: Development and Initial Validation of the Sexual Coercion in Intimate Relationships Scale

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd K. Shackelford ◽  
Aaron T. Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Discriminative Validity ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Initial Validation ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Three Components

We report the development and initial validation of the Sexual Coercion in Intimate Relationships Scale (SCIRS), a measure designed to assess the prevalence and severity of sexual coercion in committed intimate relationships. We review existing measures of sexual coercion and discuss their limitations, describe the identification of the SCIRS items, perform a principal components analysis and describe the resulting three components, and present evidence for the convergent and discriminative validity of the SCIRS. Because sexual coercion in intimate relationships often takes the form of subtle tactics, the SCIRS items assess communicative tactics such as hinting and subtle manipulations in addition to tactics such as the use of physical force. The SCIRS provides researchers and clinicians with a valid, reliable, and comprehensive measure with which to study the dynamics of sexual coercion in intimate relationships.

Diagnoses Generated by Numerical Taxonomic Methods Applied to Standard Blood Variables

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
L. A. Abbott ◽  
J. B. Mitton
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
Components Analysis

Data taken from the blood of 262 patients diagnosed for malabsorption, elective cholecystectomy, acute cholecystitis, infectious hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or chronic renal disease were analyzed with three numerical taxonomy (NT) methods : cluster analysis, principal components analysis, and discriminant function analysis. Principal components analysis revealed discrete clusters of patients suffering from chronic renal disease, liver cirrhosis, and infectious hepatitis, which could be displayed by NT clustering as well as by plotting, but other disease groups were poorly defined. Sharper resolution of the same disease groups was attained by discriminant function analysis.

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