Adaptación y propiedades psicométricas del inventario de depresión de beck (bdi-ii) en adolescentes ecuatorianos

El Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI-II) es uno de los instrumentos más empleados a nivel clínico e investigativo para evaluar la depresión. Objetivo. Adaptar y validar el BDI-II para su uso en la identificación de síntomas depresivos en población adolescente de Ecuador. Método. Estudio instrumental orientado a obtener la adaptación cultural, evidencias de validez y fiabilidad del (BDI-II). Participaron 871 adolescentes entre 13 y 18 años de edad seleccionados por muestreo no probabilístico. La validez del contenido del instrumento se evaluó mediante criterio de jueces y cálculo del Coeficiente de concordancia W de Kendall. Se realizó Análisis Factorial a través del Método de Componentes Principales. La asociación entre variables se analizó con el Coeficiente de correlación de Rho de Spearman. Para evaluar la validez convergente del (BDI-II) se empleó la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck (BHS) y la Escala de Valoración del Estado de Ánimo (EVEA). Resultados. El análisis factorial evidenció la existencia de una matriz de dos factores que explicó el 43.12% de la varianza total observada. Se obtuvieron evidencias favorables sobre validez y consistencia interna del instrumento (a= .86). Conclusiones. La versión ecuatoriana del BDI-II posee estructura bifactorial consistente con la versión original y adaptaciones precedentes realizadas al instrumento en otros países de habla hispana. Es apto para ser utilizado en el diagnóstico de síntomas depresivos en población adolescente en el contexto ecuatoriano. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) is one of the most widely used clinical and research instruments to assess depression. Objective. To adapt and validate the BDI-II for its use in the identification of depressive symptoms in the adolescent population of Ecuador. Method. Instrumental study oriented to obtain the cultural adaptation, validity and reliability evidences of the BDI-II. A total of 871 adolescents between 13 and 18 years of age selected by non-probabilistic sampling participated. The content validity of the instrument was evaluated by means of judges' criteria and calculation of Kendall's W concordance coefficient. Factorial analysis was performed using the Principal Component Method. The association between variables was analyzed with Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient. The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and the Mood Rating Scale (EVEA) were used to evaluate the convergent validity of the BDI-II. Results. Factor analysis showed the existence of a two-factor matrix that explained 43.12% of the total variance observed. Favorable evidence was obtained on the validity and internal consistency of the instrument (a= .86). Conclusions. The Ecuadorian version of the BDI-II has a bifactorial structure consistent with the original version and previous adaptations made to the instrument in other Spanish-speaking countries. It is suitable for use in the diagnosis of depressive symptoms in the Ecuadorian adolescent population.

Relationship Between Social Adaptation Self-Evaluation and Suicide Risk in Patients with Schizophrenia

Background: the lack of data on the relationship between the level of social adaptation as a complex of macro- and microsocial factors with suicide risk in patients with schizophrenia determines the relevance of this study. Aim: to investigate the relationship between social adaptation self-evaluation and suicide risk in patients with schizophrenia. Patients and methods: we examined 68 patients with schizophrenia. Suicide risk was evaluated using the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the level of social adaptation was assessed using the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale. An assessment of clinical and psychopathological symptoms was performed using the PANSS. Results: the level of hopelessness was higher in the group with a low level of social adaptation self-evaluation than in the group with a high level of social adaptation self-evaluation. However, the groups were comparable for a number of objective indicators of social adaptation (such as education level, marital status, social status). Conclusions: it can be assumed that hopelessness and suicide risk more depend not on the level of social adaptation, but on the subjective experience of the level of adaptation as low or high.

The Relationship Between Anxiety and Hopelessness Levels Among Nursing Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Related Factors

Outbreaks caused by environmental effects such as COVID-19, MERS, SARS, or Ebola cause problems such as fear, anxiety, loneliness, depression, and hopelessness for people with or without a high risk of illness. This study aims to determine the levels of hopelessness and anxiety experienced by nursing students during the COVID-19 outbreak. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with students of a state university. In the collection of the data, Descriptive Characteristics Form prepared by the researchers, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Test (GAD-7), and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) were used. The mean GAD-7 score of the students participating in the study was 6.65 ± 5.03 and the mean BHS score was 6.11 ± 4.91. It was determined that the score of GAD-7 and BHS were a significant positive high relationship between them (p < 0.001). Anxiety and hopelessness levels were found to be statistically significantly higher for those whose sleep and eating patterns affected negatively due to the pandemic, those who feared the pandemic and its economic effects, and those who did not want to work in the hospital during the pandemic period. There was a relationship between anxiety and hopelessness levels of nursing students participating in the study.

The effect of hopelessness on violence tendency: Turkish football fans

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the hopelessness and violence tendency of football fans and to investigate the differences between these variables and various demographic variables. The research group was formed by 398 male volunteer football fans who watched the Elazigspor (Sports Toto 1st League) matches in the 2018-2019 season in Turkey. In addition to demographic variables in the study, the Violent Trend Scale and Beck Hopelessness Scale were used. The SPSS program was used to analyze the data. Independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, pearson correlation, and linear regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data. In the findings of the research, it was determined that there was a moderate positive relationship between the variable of hopelessness and the tendency toward violence. It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the tendency toward violence according to the variables of fans going to away games, the duration of watching matches at the stadium, and with whom fans watched the matches. As a result, as the level of fans’ hopelessness increased, it was observed that there was an increase in violent tendencies. In addition, those who went to watch away matches, those who watched matches at the stadium for a long period of time, and those who went to watch matches with friends were found to have high levels of violent tendencies.

Examination of Affiliate Stigma, Hopelessness and Life Satisfaction in Parents of Children with Intellectual Disabilty

Introduction. While expecting a healthy child, having a child with a disability can be quite traumatic for all family members, especially parents. The objective of the research was to evaluate affiliate stigma, hopelessness, and life satisfaction in parents of children with intellectual disability. Materials and Methods. The descriptive research included 203 parents of children with intellectual disabilities, who met the research inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Affiliate Stigma Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results. The mean age of parents included in the study was 40.74 ± 7.22 years, with 67.5% of caregiving mothers. The levels of affiliate stigma and hopelessness among parents were low, and they were satisfied with their lives. In case of increasing parental affiliate stigma, their hopelessness was found to increase, while life satisfaction was found to decrease. Conclusions. In order to increase public acceptance of people with disabilities by society, it is recommended to provide trainings and raise awareness against individuals with disabilities and their families.

GAMBARAN TINGKAT KEPUTUSASAAN PADA WANITA KORBAN KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA

Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) mendominasi kasus kekerasan terhadap perempuan (KTP) di Indonesia. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan korban KDRT mengalami dampak psikologis, seperti depresi dan ide bunuh diri. Meskipun memberikan dampak yang negatif, masih terdapat wanita yang menerima dan membenarkan KDRT yang dilakukan oleh suami. Selain itu, banyak juga korban yang memilih untuk keluar dari siklus KDRT. Temuan tersebut menunjukkan respon wanita tampak berbeda terhadap pengalaman KDRT. Keputusasaan merupakan salah satu faktor yang diteliti pada wanita korban KDRT. Wanita korban KDRT yang putus asa cenderung mengalami kesulitan dalam mengambil keputusan, terutama keputusan untuk berpisah dari pelaku kekerasan dan keluar dari siklus kekerasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran tingkat keputusasaan pada 52 wanita yang pernah mengalami kekerasan dalam rumah tangga di Indonesia. Metode penelitian bersifat kuantitatif deskriptif dan data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). Hasil menunjukkan 68% partisipan penelitian memiliki keputusasaan pada kategori sedang. Partisipan yang tidak bekerja, berlatar pendidikan SMA/SMK, tidak atau belum memiliki anak, tidak melaporkan, dan tidak memiliki dukungan sosial cenderung memiliki skor keputusasaan yang lebih tinggi. Keterbatasan jumlah partisipan menyebabkan generalisasi hasil penelitian terbatas. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat mengkaji partisipan dengan cakupan wilayah dan latar belakang budaya yang lebih luas. Latar belakang budaya tentu menjadi salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi keputusasaan serta keputusan wanita yang mengalami KDRT untuk berpisah atau tetap berada pada siklus KDRT yang dialami. Violence against women in Indonesia is dominated by domestic violence. During the pandemic situation, the victim may become hampered in reporting the case. Previous studies show that domestic violence might bring psychological impacts to the victim, like depression and suicidal ideation. Hopelessness might affect the response among victims. Previous studies reported that women who experienced domestic violence had moderate to high levels of hopelessness. They tend to show poor decision-making and hard to break the violence cycle. This study aims to describe the level of hopelessness in 51 women who have experienced domestic violence in Indonesia. The research method is descriptive quantitative. Data were collected using Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). Results showed 68% of participants have moderate level of hopelessness. Participants with no occupation, high school educational background, not reporting the case, and do not have social support tend to have higher score of hopelessness. This study provides information about levels of hopelessness but the generalization of the result is limited due to the limited participants and cultural background. Further research should describe more number of participants with wider cultural background.

Internal structure of Beck Hopelessness Scale: An analysis of method effects using the CT-C(M–1) model

The construct validity in relation to the dimensionality or factor structure of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) has long been debated in psychometrics. Irrelevant variance due to item wording (method effects) can distort the factor structure, and recent studies have examined the method factor’s role in the factor structure of the BHS. However, the models used to control the method effects have severe limitations, and new models are needed. One such model is the correlated trait-correlated method minus one (CT-C(M-1)), which is a powerful approach that gives the trait factor an unambiguous meaning and prevents the anomalous results associated with fully symmetrical bifactor modeling. The present work compares the fit and factor structure of the CT-C(M-1) model to bifactor models proposed in previous literature and evaluates the convergent validity of the CT-C(M-1) model and its discriminatory capacity by taking suicidal ideation as the criterion variable. This study used a large and heterogeneous open mode online sample of Argentinian people (N = 2,164). The results indicated that the CT-C(M-1) model with positive words as referenced items achieves the most adequate factor structure. The factorial scores derived from this model demonstrate good predictive and discriminating capabilities.

Emotional Expressivity, Loneliness and Hopelessness Relationship in Adolescents

In this study, the model developed to investigate the relationship between emotional expressivity, loneliness and hopelessness was tested in adolescents. The sample of this study consisted of 288 high school students, 180 of whom were women and 108 of whom were men. Data were obtained using the Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire (BEQ), The Short-form of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8) and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data. The findings obtained in this study showed that there was a negative and meaningful relationship between emotional expression and loneliness and hopelessness in adolescents, emotional expression predicted loneliness and hopelessness, and there was a positive and meaningful relationship between loneliness and hopelessness and loneliness predicts hopelessness.

The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy in Cognitive Flexibility, Suicidal Ideation, Depression, and Hopelessness in Conscripts

Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy in cognitive flexibility, suicidal ideation, depression, and hopelessness in conscripts. Methods: In an experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design, 60 conscripts were selected through convenience sampling method from military centers in Khorasan Razavi in 2019 and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups, each containing 30 individuals. The experimental group received acceptance and commitment group therapy in eight 90-minute weekly sessions and the control group received no treatment. In the pretest and posttest, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI), Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) were implemented for both groups. Data analysis was performed using the independent ‎groups ‎t test and analysis of covariance. Results: The results indicated that acceptance and commitment group therapy significantly leads to enhanced cognitive flexibility and its components (P = 0.001) and reduced suicidal thoughts (P = 0.001), depression (P = 0.001) and hopelessness (P = 0.002) compared to the control group. Conclusion: Acceptance and commitment group therapy probably leads to reduced depression, suicidal ideation and hopelessness in conscripts by enhancing cognitive flexibility.