Development and Preliminary Validation of the Stereotypic Beliefs Inventory

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Van Ommeren ◽  
F. Ishu Ishiyama
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Preliminary Validation ◽  
English Speaking

This paper describes the development and preliminary validation of a Stereotypic Beliefs Inventory, a measure of individual differences in the extent to which English-speaking Canadians hold Stereotypic beliefs about cultural or ethnic outgroups. A Stereotypic belief is the belief that members of cultural or ethnic outgroups differ systematically in specific personality characteristics from members of cultural or ethnic ingroups. This scale is the only currently available measure of ethnic stereotyping that has been shown to be unaffected by socially desirable responses in Canada.

Individual Differences in Behavioral Reactions of Psychiatric Patients to Brief Partial Sensory Deprivation

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry B. Adams ◽  
G. David Cooper ◽  
Richard N. Carrera
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Intellectual Functioning ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Complex Relationships

30 hospitalized psychiatric in-patients exposed to a few hours of partial sensory deprivation (SD) showed a wide range of individual differences in their reactions. Reduced symptoms and improved intellectual functioning after SD were the predominant group trends, but some individuals showed substantial changes in opposite directions. Individual differences in behavioral reactions during and after SD were significantly related to MMPI personality characteristics. Symptom reduction after SD was a function of characteristics quite different from those usually associated with prognosis for conventional verbal psychotherapy. The results suggested that many persons unlikely to benefit from traditional therapeutic procedures might show improved personality and intellectual functioning after a brief exposure to SD. There were many other complex relationships between personality variables and reactions to SD.

Basic Attention Measures as Predictors of Success in Flight Training

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. North ◽  
Daniel Gopher
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Student Pilots ◽  
Preliminary Validation ◽  
Predicting Success ◽  
Flight Instructors

A two-stage study was conducted to assess the potential of a new methodological technique for measuring individual differences in basic attention capabilities and the validity of these differences in predicting success in flight training. A performance testing system included a digit-processing reaction-time task and a one-dimensional compensatory tracking task. Comparisons were made between separate and concurrent performances of these tasks, and simultaneous performances also included comparisons involving changes in task priorities. Results indicating consistent individual differences in basic attention capabilities suggest several dimensions for their description. A preliminary validation study compared scores for a group of 11 flight instructors and with a group of 32 student pilots. In addition, the student sample was dichotomized based on performance in training. There were reliable differences for both groups on combined task performance efficiency.

Task Involvement and Satisficing with Motivational Scales

1995 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-223
Author(s):  
Frank W. Wicker ◽  
Yehsoon Park ◽  
Erin McCann ◽  
Douglas Hamman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Rating Task ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Task Involvement ◽  
Strong Potential ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Source Of Error ◽  
Related Personality ◽  
Rating Bias

Three measures related to motivation to perform a rating task accurately were obtained from 49 students, who also performed goal-attribute ratings. Less motivated students surpassed more motivated ones on several indices of rating bias. Previous evidence for differential relationships among goal attributes was clearly replicated only with the ratings of more motivated subjects. These findings suggest that many respondents may strive for “satisfactory” rather than optimal goal ratings (“satisficing”), that this tendency is a strong potential source of error with such data, but that individual differences related to satisficing may be used to examine such effects and partially bracket them out. It is suggested that measures of subjects' motivation or other related personality characteristics be routinely gathered when multiple ratings from subjects are required.

scholarly journals Individual differences in false memory from misinformation: Personality characteristics and their interactions with cognitive abilities

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 889-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bi Zhu ◽  
Chuansheng Chen ◽  
Elizabeth F. Loftus ◽  
Chongde Lin ◽  
Qinghua He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
False Memory ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Personality Characteristics

scholarly journals Age Differences in the Variance of Personality Characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Mõttus ◽  
Jüri Allik ◽  
Martina Hřebíčková ◽  
Liisi Kööts–Ausmees ◽  
Anu Realo
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Model Domain

In contrast to mean–level comparisons, age group differences in personality trait variance have received only passing research interest. This may seem surprising because individual differences in personality characteristics are exactly what most of personality psychology is about. Because different proposed mechanisms of personality development may entail either increases or decreases in variance over time, the current study is exploratory in nature. Age differences in variance were tested by comparing the standard deviations of the five–factor model domain and facet scales across two age groups (20 to 30 years old versus 50 to 60 years old). Samples from three cultures (Estonia, the Czech Republic and Russia) were employed, and two methods (self–reports and informant–reports) were used. The results showed modest convergence across samples and methods. Age group differences were significant for 11 of 150 facet–level comparisons but never consistently for the same facets. No significant age group differences were observed for the five–factor model domain variance. Therefore, there is little evidence for individual differences in personality characteristics being systematically smaller or larger in older as opposed to younger people. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding personality development. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Image Based Sexual Abuse proclivity and victim blaming: The role of dark personality traits and moral disengagement

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1179-1197
Author(s):  
Afroditi Pina ◽  
Alisha Bell ◽  
Kimberley Griffin ◽  
Eduardo Vasquez
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Victim Blaming ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
Preliminary Validation ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Image Based Sexual Abuse

Image Based Sexual Abuse (IBSA) denotes the creation, distribution, and/or threat of distribution of intimate images of another person online without their consent. The present study aims to extend emerging research on perpetration of IBSA with the development and preliminary validation for the moral disengagement in IBSA scale, while also examining the role of the dark triad, sadism, and sexism in a person’s likelihood to perpetrate IBSA. One hundred and twenty English speaking participants (76 women, 44 men; mean age=33 years) were recruited via social media. Machiavellianism and psychopathy were found to predict IBSA proclivity, whilst rivalry narcissism predicted greater feelings of excitement and amusement towards IBSA. Moral disengagement predicted IBSA proclivity and blaming the victim. It was also positively related to greater feelings of amusement and excitement towards IBSA. This suggests a distinct personality profile of IBSA perpetrators, and that moral disengagement mechanisms play a role in facilitating and reinforcing this behaviour.

Automated Smartphone Audiometry: A Preliminary Validation of a Bone-Conduction Threshold Test App

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Dewyer ◽  
Patpong Jiradejvong ◽  
David S. Lee ◽  
Jacquelyn D. Kemmer ◽  
Jennifer Henderson Sabes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Threshold Test ◽  
Bone Conduction Threshold ◽  
Preliminary Validation ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Contralateral Ear ◽  
Threshold Testing

Objective: To develop and validate an automated smartphone app that determines bone-conduction pure-tone thresholds. Methods: A novel app, called EarBone, was developed as an automated test to determine best-cochlea pure-tone bone-conduction thresholds using a smartphone driving a professional-grade bone oscillator. Adult, English-speaking patients who were undergoing audiometric assessment by audiologists at an academic health system as part of their prescribed care were invited to use the EarBone app. Best-ear bone-conduction thresholds determined by the app and the gold standard audiologist were compared. Results: Forty subjects with varied hearing thresholds were tested. Sixty-one percent of app-determined thresholds were within 5 dB of audiologist-determined thresholds, and 79% were within 10 dB. Nearly all subjects required assistance with placing the bone oscillator on their mastoid. Conclusion: Best-cochlea bone-conduction thresholds determined by the EarBone automated smartphone audiometry app approximate those determined by an audiologist. This serves as a proof of concept for automated smartphone-based bone-conduction threshold testing. Further improvements, such as the addition of contralateral ear masking, are needed to make the app clinically useful.

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