Empirical Evaluation of the McMi—III Personality Disorder Scales

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Rossi ◽  
Claudia Hauben ◽  
Iris van den Brande ◽  
Hedwig Sloore
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Base Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Multimethod Approach ◽  
Personality Disorder Scales ◽  
Screening Device

The MCMI–III personality disorder scales were empirically validated with a sample of 870 clinical patients and inmates. Prevalence rates of personality disorders were in general lower on the MCMI–III than clinical ratings, but trait prevalence was generally higher; thus a base rate of 75 on the MCMI–III could be a guideline in the screening of trait prevalence. However, the sensitivity of some MCMI–III scales was very low. Moreover, the correlations of most personality disorder scales of the MCMI–III were significant and positive with corresponding measures on clinical ratings and MMPI-2 personality disorder scales, but these were, in general, not significantly higher than some other correlations. As a consequence the discriminant validity seems to be questionable. The MCMI–III alone cannot be used as a diagnostic inventory, but the test could be useful as a screening device as a part of a multimethod approach that allows aggregation over measures in making diagnostic decisions.

scholarly journals The prevalence of personality disorders in the community: a global systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Winsper ◽  
Ayten Bilgin ◽  
Andrew Thompson ◽  
Steven Marwaha ◽  
Andrew M. Chanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Income ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

BackgroundPersonality disorders are now internationally recognised as a mental health priority. Nevertheless, there are no systematic reviews examining the global prevalence of personality disorders.AimsTo calculate the worldwide prevalence of personality disorders and examine whether rates vary between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodWe systematically searched PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed from January 1980 to May 2018 to identify articles reporting personality disorder prevalence rates in community populations (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017065094).ResultsA total of 46 studies (from 21 different countries spanning 6 continents) satisfied inclusion criteria. The worldwide pooled prevalence of any personality disorder was 7.8% (95% CI 6.1–9.5). Rates were greater in high-income countries (9.6%, 95% CI 7.9–11.3%) compared with LMICs (4.3%, 95% CI 2.6–6.1%). In univariate meta-regressions, significant heterogeneity was partly attributable to study design (two-stage v. one-stage assessment), county income (high-income countries v. LMICs) and interview administration (clinician v. trained graduate). In multiple meta-regression analysis, study design remained a significant predictor of heterogeneity. Global rates of cluster A, B and C personality disorders were 3.8% (95% CI 3.2, 4.4%), 2.8% (1.6, 3.7%) and 5.0% (4.2, 5.9%).ConclusionsPersonality disorders are prevalent globally. Nevertheless, pooled prevalence rates should be interpreted with caution due to high levels of heterogeneity. More large-scale studies with standardised methodologies are now needed to increase our understanding of population needs and regional variations.

scholarly journals Prevalence of personality disorders in the general adult population in Western countries: systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 213 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Volkert ◽  
Thorsten-Christian Gablonski ◽  
Sven Rabung
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Western Countries

BackgroundPersonality disorder is a severe health issue. However, the epidemiology of personality disorders is insufficiently described and surveys report very heterogeneous rates.AimsWe aimed to conduct a meta-analysis on the prevalence of personality disorders in adult populations and examine potential moderators that affect heterogeneity.MethodWe searched PsycINFO, PSYNDEX and Medline for studies that used standardised diagnostics (DSM-IV/-5, ICD-10) to report prevalence rates of personality disorders in community populations in Western countries. Prevalence rates were extracted and aggregated by random-effects models. Meta-regression and sensitivity analyses were performed and publication bias was assessed.ResultsThe final sample comprised ten studies, with a total of 113 998 individuals. Prevalence rates were fairly high for any personality disorder (12.16%; 95% CI, 8.01–17.02%) and similarly high for DSM Clusters A, B and C, between 5.53 (95% CI, 3.20–8.43%) and 7.23% (95% CI, 2.37–14.42%). Prevalence was highest for obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (4.32%; 95% CI, 2.16–7.16%) and lowest for dependent personality disorder (0.78%; 95% CI, 0.37–1.32%). A low prevalence was significantly associated with expert-rated assessment (versus self-rated) and reporting of descriptive statistics for antisocial personality disorder.ConclusionsEpidemiological studies on personality disorders in community samples are rare, whereas prevalence rates are fairly high and vary substantially depending on samples and methods. Future studies investigating the epidemiology of personality disorders based on the DSM-5 and ICD-11 and models of personality functioning and traits are needed, and efficient treatment should be a priority for healthcare systems to reduce disease burden.Declaration of interestNone.

Personality Disorders and Psychiatric Symptoms in Psoriasis

1995 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Alex Rubino ◽  
Alberto Sonnino ◽  
Bianca Pezzarossa ◽  
Nicola Ciani ◽  
Roberto Bassi
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory ◽  
Personality Disorder Scales

Two groups of psoriatic outpatients ( ns = 192 and 119) were given, respectively, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II and Foulds' Delusions-Symptoms-States Inventory. They were compared with dental ( n = 192) and with general surgical ( n = 190) patients. The psoriatic group presented clearly higher mean scores and frequencies on most of the personality disorder scales. On Foulds' inventory, psoriatic patients showed higher frequencies of neurotic and psychotic class allocations. A cluster analysis of personality scores provided evidence for 4 different personality clusters of patients with psoriasis: (a) Avoidant, Dependent, Schizoid, and Self-defeating (32.2%), (b) Compulsive, Narcissistic, and Aggressive (30.7%), (c) no personality disorder (18.2%), (d) Borderline, Paranoid, and Schizotypal, etc. (18.8%).

Relationships of Personality Disorders with MMPI–2 Malingering, Defensiveness, and Inconsistent Response Scales among Forensic Examinees

2002 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 760-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Response Styles ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Validity Scales ◽  
Response Scales ◽  
Response Set ◽  
Personality Disorder Scales ◽  
Validity Measure

MMPI–2 validity scales were correlated with MCMI–II personality disorder scales to examine relationships between response styles and personality disorders in a sample of 84 criminal defendants. 14 MMPI–2 validity scales were significantly correlated with 13 personality disorders. All of the personality disorder scales were significantly correlated with at least one validity measure and 11 of 13 personality disorder scales were significantly correlated with two or more MMPI–2 validity scales. While a personality disorder diagnosis may have a general effect on validity scales, relationships theoretically consistent with a given personality disorder were also found. This means that response set appears to be a manifestation of personality, and as such, examiners should expect symptom amplification or minimization or inconsistent responses, based on an individual's personality. Subsequently, forensic examiners are encouraged to evaluate the relationships between MCMI–II personality disorders and MMPI–2 validity scales to avoid misjudging MMPI–2 profiles as invalid when they accurately reflect manifestations of personality.

Relationships between Schill's Self-Defeating Personality Scale and Coolidge's Personality Disorders Inventory

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schill ◽  
Jayson Sparenberg
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personality Scale ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Personality Disorder Scales

81 men and 82 women were administered Schill's (1990) Self-defeating Personality Scale and Coolidge's (1992) Axis Two Inventory. As expected, Schill's and Coolidge's measures of self-defeating personality disorder were highly correlated (.70 for men and .74 for women). Scores on Schill's scale also had correlations > .50 with scores on six of the other personality disorder scales for men and five for women. This argues against self-defeating personality disorder as measured by Schill's scale being a distinct construct. The pattern of the correlations suggests that besides assessing a person's maladaptive self-defeating traits, Schill's measure also may assess the person's anxiety and concerns about interpersonal relationships.

Use of the MMPI-2 Personality Disorder Scales in the Assessment of DSM-IV Antisocial, Borderline, and Narcissistic Personality Disorders

Assessment ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank D. Castlebury ◽  
Mark J. Hilsenroth ◽  
Leonard Handler ◽  
Thomas W. Durham
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Narcissistic Personality Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Narcissistic Personality ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Cluster B Personality Disorders ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Personality Disorder Scales

This study explored the diagnostic utility of the MMPI-2 Personality Disorder (MMPI-2 PD) scales to correctly classify three Cluster B Personality Disorders (Antisocial, Borderline, and Narcissistic Personality Disorder). Classification was compared against the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) chart diagnoses checked for interrater agreement. MMPI-2 PD scale scores for 53 outpatients diagnosed with a Cluster B Personality Disorder were contrasted with an Other Personality Disorder group ( n = 20) and a nonclinical population ( n = 67). Scores for both the overlapping and nonoverlapping scales of the MMPI-2 PD scales were used in calculating diagnostic efficiency statistics. In support of past findings, results suggest the MMPI-2 PD scales should be used conservatively; they are best at screening for presence or absence of a personality disorder, identifying members of personality disorder clusters, and identifying negative occurrences of specific personality disorders or personality disorder clusters. Findings endorse the use of both versions of the Antisocial Personality Disorder scale and the overlapping version of the Borderline Personality Disorder scale. Use of the Narcissistic Personality Disorder scales is recommended for negative predictive power values only. A multimodal approach is recommended, whereby assessment measures may be used conjointly to improve diagnostic efficiency.

Personality Disorder in Transcultural Perspective

1979 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Morice
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Australian Aborigines ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
The Face ◽  
Language Variables

Personality disorder constitutes one of the most controversial diagnostic categories within clinical psychiatry. Explosive and antisocial personality disorders in particular are central to this controversy. The difficulties for diagnosis encountered when clinician and patient belong to different socio-economic classes are seen to be magnified in the transcultural situation, when cultural and language variables are superimposed. The diagnosis of personality disorder among Australian Aborigines is reviewed, and the face validity of some prevalence rates is challenged. An examination of the terms for anger and aggression used by a Central Australian tribal Aboriginal group demonstrates that Aborigines differentiate them both quantitatively and qualitatively. This facility is seen as providing psychiatrists with a method for enhancing diagnosis of personality disorder in both clinical and epidemiological settings.

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