A comparative analysis of national HIV policies in six African countries with generalized epidemics

AbstractTea is an important plantation crop of some Asian and African countries. Based upon the morphological characteristics, tea is classified botanically into 2 main types i.e. Assam and China, which are morphologically very distinct. Further, they are so easily pollinated among themselves, that a third category, Cambod type is also described. Although the general consensus of origin of tea is India, Burma and China joining area, yet specific origin of China and Assam tea are not yet clear. In the present study, we made an attempt to understand the origin of Indian tea through the comparative analysis of different chloroplast (cp) genomes under the Camellia genus. Cp genome based phylogenetic analysis indicated that Indian Assam Tea, TV-1 formed a different group from that of China tea, indicating that TV-1 might have undergone different domestication and hence owe different origin. The simple sequence repeats (SSRs) analysis and codon usage distribution pattern also supported the clustering order in the cp genome based phylogenetic tree.

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Figure 2. Photos of plant fibre products: (A) bamboo baskets; calabash from pumpkin and brooms and chicken poops in Eswatini, (B) cane furniture; floor mats and baskets and palm fibre toys in Malawi and (C) baobab fibre mats; and palm and bamboo baskets in Zimbabwe. (Photo credits: Deepa Pullanikkatil (A,B) and Gladman Thondhlana (C).

10.21504/rur.14414162.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gladman Thondhlana ◽

Deepa Pullanikkatil ◽

Charlie M. Shackleton

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Data Collection ◽

Craft Production ◽

Household Surveys ◽

African Countries ◽

Plant Resources ◽

Plant Fibre ◽

Fibre Products ◽

Palm Fibre

<p>The production of plant fibre products is considered a promising pathway for contributing to people’s livelihoods particularly in developing countries, where economic options might be limited. However, there are limited comparative studies across countries on plant fibre products, making it difficult to examine how local and broader biophysical, socioeconomic, cultural and policy contexts influence craft production patterns in terms of primary plant resources used, products made and contributions to livelihoods. Using household surveys for data collection, this paper presents findings from a comparative analysis of plant fibre craft production and income in three southern African countries, Eswatini, Malawi and Zimbabwe.</p>

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Table 1. Selection attributes of the different study site

10.21504/rur.14414189.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gladman Thondhlana ◽

Deepa Pullanikkatil ◽

Charlie M. Shackleton

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Data Collection ◽

Comparative Studies ◽

Craft Production ◽

Household Surveys ◽

African Countries ◽

Plant Resources ◽

Plant Fibre ◽

Fibre Products

The production of plant fibre products is considered a promising pathway for contributing to people’s livelihoods particularly in developing countries, where economic options might be limited. However, there are limited comparative studies across countries on plant fibre products, making it difficult to examine how local and broader biophysical, socioeconomic, cultural and policy contexts influence craft production patterns in terms of primary plant resources used, products made and contributions to livelihoods. Using household surveys for data collection, this paper presents findings from a comparative analysis of plant fibre craft production and income in three southern African countries, Eswatini, Malawi and Zimbabwe

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Prevalence and Predictors of Food Insecurity among People Living with and without HIV in the African Cohort Study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898002100361x ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-37

Author(s):

Cecilia C. Onyenakie ◽

Raphael U. Nnakwe ◽

Nicole Dear ◽

Allahna Esber ◽

Emmanuel Bahemana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Insecurity ◽

Elderly Care ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Status ◽

African Countries ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Robust Poisson Regression ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Policies ◽

Prevalence Ratios

Abstract Objective: We determined the prevalence and identified predictors of food insecurity in four African countries. Design: Cross-sectional analyses at study enrollment. Setting: From January 2013 to March 2020, people living with HIV (PLWH) and without HIV were enrolled at 12 clinics in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and Nigeria. Participants: Participants reporting not having enough food to eat over the past 12 months or receiving <3 meals/day were defined as food insecure. Robust Poisson regression models were used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for predictors of food insecurity among all participants and separately among PLWH. Results: 1694/3496 participants (48.5%) reported food insecurity at enrollment, with no difference by HIV status. Food insecurity was more common among older participants (50+ years vs. 18-24 years aPR 1.35, 95% CI 1.15-1.59). Having 2-5 (aPR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.30) or >5 dependents (aPR 1.17, 95% CI 1.02- 1.35), and residing in Kisumu West, Kenya (aPR 1.63, 95% CI 1.42-1.87) or Nigeria (aPR 1.20, 95% CI 1.01- 1.41) was associated with food insecurity. Residing in Tanzania (aPR 0.65, 95% CI 0.53-0.80) and increasing education (secondary/above education vs. none/some primary education aPR 0.73, 95% CI 0.66-0.81) was protective against food insecurity. ART-experienced PLWH were more likely to be food secure irrespective of viral load. Conclusion: Food insecurity was highly prevalent in our cohort though not significantly associated with HIV. Policies aimed at promoting education, elderly care, ART access in PLWH, and financial independence could potentially improve food security in Africa.

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Foreign Direct Investments and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Comparative Analysis between Landlocked Countries and Countries Having Access to the Sea

International Journal of Economics and Finance ◽

10.5539/ijef.v5n6p157 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Luc Nembot Ndeffo ◽

David Kamdem ◽

Roger Tsafack Nanfosso

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Foreign Direct Investments ◽

African Countries ◽

Sub Saharan

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Plant Fibre Crafts Production, Trade and Income in Eswatini, Malawi and Zimbabwe

10.21504/rur.c.5388470 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gladman Thondhlana ◽

Deepa Pullanikkatil ◽

Charlie M. Shackleton

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Data Collection ◽

Comparative Studies ◽

Craft Production ◽

Household Surveys ◽

African Countries ◽

Plant Resources ◽

Plant Fibre ◽

Fibre Products

The production of plant fibre products is considered a promising pathway for contributing to people’s livelihoods particularly in developing countries, where economic options might be limited. However, there are limited comparative studies across countries on plant fibre products, making it difficult to examine how local and broader biophysical, socioeconomic, cultural and policy contexts influence craft production patterns in terms of primary plant resources used, products made and contributions to livelihoods. Using household surveys for data collection, this paper presents findings from a comparative analysis of plant fibre craft production and income in three southern African countries, Eswatini, Malawi and Zimbabwe

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