scholarly journals Recognizing noncommunicable diseases as a global health security threat

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 792-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Saha ◽  
George Alleyne
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Health Security

scholarly journals The oversecuritization of global health: changing the terms of debate

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1093-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Wenham
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Rhetorical Device ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Health Community ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Linking health and security has become a mainstream approach to health policy issues over the past two decades. So much so that the discourse of global health security has become close to synonymous with global health, their meanings being considered almost interchangeable. While the debates surrounding the health–security nexus vary in levels of analysis from the global to the national to the individual, this article argues that the consideration of health as a security issue, and the ensuing path dependencies, have shifted in three ways. First, the concept has been broadened to the extent that a multitude of health issues (and others) are constructed as threats to health security. Second, securitizing health has moved beyond a rhetorical device to include the direct involvement of the security sector. Third, the performance of health security has become a security threat in itself. These considerations, the article argues, alter the remit of the global health security narrative; the global health community needs to recognize this shift and adapt its use of security-focused policies accordingly.

The Zika Virus

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-80
Author(s):  
Clare Wenham
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Integrated Vector Control

This chapter offers a contextual narrative to the Zika outbreak and justifies a pertinent case study for gender analysis in global health security. It contends that Zika was constructed as a security threat at multiple levels of analysis. This framing perpetuated an exclusion and problematization of women in global health security more broadly. The chapter argues that the key policies developed—integrated vector control, vaccine development and behavioural requests around reproduction, to paraphrase, ‘clean your houses and don’t get pregnant’—were inherently gendered given the activities required are socially prescribed women’s activities. It further argues that although the outbreak revolved around women, gender was not mainstreamed into any of the policies developed, and the securitised policies failed to protect those women most at risk from the disease.

Zika and In/visibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-106
Author(s):  
Clare Wenham
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Health Security ◽  
The Public ◽  
Feminist Discourse ◽  
Public Audience

This chapter begins with the premise that women are not a homogenous group; and some women are more important than others to global health security, which relays important information about political prioritisation. The chapter then shows how the Zika outbreak provides a pertinent example for a detailed nuanced analysis of in/visibility, which might have wider ramifications for understanding this concept in feminist discourse. Women cradling babies born with CZS were on the front pages of newspapers, policy reports and the collective global psyche. But it was a certain type of woman, performing a particular function of motherhood to legitimise activity within a security narrative, instrumentalised to garner support for extraordinary measures amid the public audience of the security threat. The affected women were conspicuous in the narrative of global health security, and were instrumentalised to facilitate Zika’s securitisation, but that these same Zika infected and affected women were invisible as the target group for public health interventions, particularly when considering intersectionality—these women were poor, black, single, and living in northeast Brazil.

scholarly journals The Role of Noncommunicable Diseases in the Pursuit of Global Health Security

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deliana Kostova ◽  
Patricia Richter ◽  
Gretchen Van Vliet ◽  
Michael Mahar ◽  
Ronald L. Moolenaar
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Health Security

The Chronicle of a Disease Foretold: Pandemic H1N1 and the Construction of a Global Health Security Threat

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Abraham
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Health Security ◽  
The Impact

The period beginning in 2004 saw an extraordinary spurt in attention paid to avian and pandemic influenza in the United States and at the global level. A disease that for decades had languished in the ‘dull but worthy’ category of infectious diseases was elevated to a risk to global health security. The securitisation of influenza was not unproblematic. The influenza pandemic of 2009 turned out to be far milder than anticipated, and much of the scientific basis on which planning had proceeded and resources had been mobilised turned out to be wrong. Developing countries with other disease priorities were urged to pour resources into pandemic planning exercises and change poultry-raising practices. The article argues that for an issue to be securitised as a global health threat, it is essential that the United States takes the lead role (or at the very least supports efforts by other leading powers). It uses the Copenhagen School's analysis to examine how avian and pandemic influenza was securitised in the United States, and then uses the concept of framing to examine why this disease was securitised by looking at the prior existence of an issue culture or discourse around emerging infectious diseases, which gained salience after the 2011 anthrax attacks. It finally looks at the impact of securitisation on countries with different priorities.

scholarly journals Securitizing Zika: The case of Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 398-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Wenham ◽  
Deborah BL Farias
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
Congenital Zika Syndrome ◽  
High Level

Brazil’s Zika virus crisis (2015–17), following hot on the heels of the Ebola outbreak (2014–15), dominated newsfeeds and high-level discussions amid governments, the UN system and beyond, with emerging fears relating to Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS), embodied by microcephaly. However, beyond the ensuing panic in Latin America facing a generation of Zika babies, the outbreak demonstrates key developments in our understanding of the interaction between health and security, based on the Copenhagen School’s securitization approach. It suggests that unlike previous diseases that were securitized, it was not the virus that was the cause of the security threat, nor how many people were affected, but a combined concern over where (in Brazil at a time of domestic political crisis), when (immediately post-Ebola), who (foetuses and babies), how (unknown disease characteristics) and what was the existential threat (the vectorized unknown). This article shows these developments for global health security through empirical analysis of the multiple securitization processes that occurred within Brazil for the Zika virus, at the subnational and federal levels.

scholarly journals The emergence of Ebola as a global health security threat: From ′lessons learned′ to coordinated multilateral containment efforts

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
StanislawP Stawicki ◽  
Bonnie Arquilla ◽  
SagarC Galwankar ◽  
BrianA Hoey ◽  
JeffreyA Jahre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Health Security

scholarly journals An evaluation of the global health security agenda steering group governance interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
N E DeShore ◽  
J A Johnson ◽  
P Malone ◽  
R Greenhill ◽  
W Wuenstal
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Health System Performance ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Member States ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Global Health Security Agenda

Abstract Background Member States lack of compliance with 2005 IHR implementation led to the launched of the Global Health Security Agenda. This research will provide an understanding of how the Global Health Security Agenda Steering Group (GHSA SG) governance interventions impact health system performance and global health security. This will enhance the understanding of a Steering Group's governance interventions in complex Global Health initiatives. Research questions: To what extent have GHSA SG governance interventions contributed towards enabling health system performance of WHO Member States? To what extent have GHSA SG governance interventions contributed towards the implementation of global health security among WHO Member States? Methods Correlational analysis using Spearman's rho examined the relationship between governance, health system performance and global health security variables at one point in time. A convenience non-probability sample consisting of eight WHO Member States was used. SPSS Statistics generated the bivariate correlation analyzes. Results Governance and health system performance analysis indicated a statistically significant strong positive effect size in 11 out of 18 and moderate positive effect size in the remaining seven out of 18 health system performance indicators. Governance and global health security analysis concluded three of the governance indicators had strong and moderate positive coefficients. Global health security variables demonstrated weak effects in the remaining three governance indicators. Conclusions This study presents a case for health systems embedding in global health security. Health system performance is only as effective at protecting populations when countries achieve core capacities of preparedness and response to global health threats. The associations provide stakeholders information about key characteristics of governance that influence health system performance and global health security implementation. Key messages This study provides an argument for the continued support of the GHSA 2024 Framework with implementation of global health security capabilities and meeting 2005 IHR requirements. The GHSA SG governance role remains profoundly important in establishing sustainable efforts internationally towards achieving the objectives of the GHSA in support of the 2005 IHR standards.

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