Quartz c-axis fabrics in constrictionally strained orthogneisses: implications for the evolution of the Orlica-Śnieżnik Dome, the Sudetes, Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-722
Author(s):  
Andrzej Żelaźniewicz ◽  
Olga Kromuszczyńska ◽  
Natalia Biegała
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Joint Control ◽  
Texture Formation ◽  
Strain Partitioning ◽  
Multistage Process ◽  
Tectonic Structure ◽  
Mixed Features ◽  
Planar Fabric ◽  
Western Limb

ABSTRACT Żelaźniewicz, A., Kromuszczyńska, O. and Biegała, N. 2013. Quartz c-axis fabrics in constrictionally strained orthogneisses: implications for the evolution of the Orlica-Śnieżnik Dome, the Sudetes, Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 63(4), 697-722, Warszawa. The Orlica-Śnieżnik Dome (OSD), NE Bohemian Massif, contains in its core several gneiss variants with protoliths dated at ~500 Ma. In the western limb of the OSD, rodding augen gneisses (Spalona gneiss unit) are mainly L>S tectonites with a prominent stretching lineation. The few quartz LPO studies have produced somewhat discrepant results. Reexamination of these rocks revealed that texture formation was a protracted, multistage process that involved strain partitioning with changing strain rate and kinematics in a general shear regime at temperatures of the amphibolite facies (450-600°C). Quartz c-axis microfabrics show complex yet reproducible patterns that developed under the joint control of strain geometry and temperature; thus the LPOs are mixed features represented by pseudogirdle patterns. Domainal differences in quartz microfabrics (ribbons, tails, quartzo-feldspathic aggregate) are common in the Spalona orthogneisses but uncommon in the sheared migmatitic gneisses. In the latter rocks, the constrictional strain was imposed on the originally planar fabric defined by high-temperature migmatitic layering. The constrictional fabric of the Spalona gneisses may have developed in the hinge zones of kilometer-scale folds, where the elongation occurred parallel to the fold axes. Other occurrences of rodding gneisses throughout the Orlica-Śnieżnik Dome are thought to occupy similar structural positions, which would point to the significance of large-scale folds in the tectonic structure of the dome.

The Potential of Photoelectrochemical Carbon Sinks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias May ◽  
Kira Rehfeld
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Solar Fuels ◽  
Negative Emissions ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Greenhouse gas emissions must be cut to limit global warming to 1.5-2C above preindustrial levels. Yet the rate of decarbonisation is currently too low to achieve this. Policy-relevant scenarios therefore rely on the permanent removal of CO<sub>2</sub> from the atmosphere. However, none of the envisaged technologies has demonstrated scalability to the decarbonization targets for the year 2050. In this analysis, we show that artificial photosynthesis for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction may deliver an efficient large-scale carbon sink. This technology is mainly developed towards solar fuels and its potential for negative emissions has been largely overlooked. With high efficiency and low sensitivity to high temperature and illumination conditions, it could, if developed towards a mature technology, present a viable approach to fill the gap in the negative emissions budget.<br>

The Potential of Photoelectrochemical Carbon Sinks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias May ◽  
Kira Rehfeld
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Solar Fuels ◽  
Negative Emissions ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Greenhouse gas emissions must be cut to limit global warming to 1.5-2C above preindustrial levels. Yet the rate of decarbonisation is currently too low to achieve this. Policy-relevant scenarios therefore rely on the permanent removal of CO<sub>2</sub> from the atmosphere. However, none of the envisaged technologies has demonstrated scalability to the decarbonization targets for the year 2050. In this analysis, we show that artificial photosynthesis for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction may deliver an efficient large-scale carbon sink. This technology is mainly developed towards solar fuels and its potential for negative emissions has been largely overlooked. With high efficiency and low sensitivity to high temperature and illumination conditions, it could, if developed towards a mature technology, present a viable approach to fill the gap in the negative emissions budget.<br>

Infrared Camouflage Utilizing Ultrathin Flexible Large‐Scale High‐Temperature‐Tolerant Lambertian Surfaces

2021 ◽  
pp. 2000391
Author(s):  
Yun Huang ◽  
Binze Ma ◽  
Arnab Pattanayak ◽  
Sandeep Kaur ◽  
Min Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Infrared Camouflage

Diamond Films: Recent Developments

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter M. Gruen ◽  
Ian Buckley-Golder
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Diamond Films ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Single Crystal Diamond

Carbon in the form of diamond is the stuff of dreams, and the image of the diamond evokes deep and powerful emotions in humans. Following the successful synthesis of diamond by high-pressure methods in the 1950s, the startling development of the low-pressure synthesis of diamond films in the 1970s and 1980s almost immediately engendered great expectations of utility. The many remarkable properties of diamond due in part to its being the most atomically dense material in the universe (hardness, thermal conductivity, friction coefficient, transparency, etc.) could at last be put to use in a multitude of practical applications. “The holy grail”—it was realized early on—would be the development of large-area, doped, single-crystal diamond wafers for the fabrication of high-temperature, extremely fast integrated circuits leading to a revolution in computer technology.Excitement in the community of chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) diamond researchers, funding agencies, and industrial companies ran high in expectation of early realization for many of the commercial goals that had been envisioned: tool, optical, and corrosion-resistant coatings; flat-panel displays; thermomanagement for electronic components, etc. Market projection predicting diamond-film sales in the billions of dollars by the year 2000 was commonplace. Hopes were dashed when these optimistic predictions ran up against the enormous scientific and technical problems that had to be overcome in order for those involved to fully exploit the potential of diamond. This experience is not new to the scientific community. One need only remind oneself of the hopes for cheap nuclear power or for high-temperature superconducting wires available at hardware stores to realize that the lag between scientific discoveries and their large-scale applications can be very long. Diamond films are in fact being used today in commercial applications.

scholarly journals Throw variations and strain partitioning associated with fault-bend folding along normal faults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efstratios Delogkos ◽  
Muhammad Mudasar Saqab ◽  
John J. Walsh ◽  
Vincent Roche ◽  
Conrad Childs
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Strain Partitioning ◽  
Fault Surface ◽  
Irregular Geometries ◽  
Surface Irregularities ◽  
Fault Bend ◽  
Constant Displacement

Abstract. Normal faults have irregular geometries on a range of scales arising from different processes including refraction and segmentation. A fault with an average dip and constant displacement on a large-scale, will have irregular geometries on smaller scales, the presence of which will generate fault-related folds, with major implications for across-fault throw variations. A quantitative model has been presented which illustrates the range of deformation arising from movement on fault surface irregularities, with fault-bend folding generating geometries reminiscent of normal drag and reverse drag. The model highlights how along-fault displacements are partitioned between continuous (i.e. folding) and discontinuous (i.e. discrete displacement) strain along fault bends characterised by the full range of fault dip changes. Strain partitioning has a profound effect on measured throw values across faults, if account is not taken of the continuous strains accommodated by folding and bed rotations. We show that fault throw can be subject to errors of up to ca. 50 % for realistic fault bend geometries (up to ca. 40°), even on otherwise sub-planar faults with constant displacement. This effect will provide apparently more irregular variations in throw and bed geometries that must be accounted for in associated kinematic interpretations.

Texture Formation Behaviour during High-Temperature Plane Strain Compression Deformation in AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 1198-1202
Author(s):  
Dong Keun Han ◽  
Min Soo Park ◽  
Han Sang Kwon ◽  
Kwon Hoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Plane Strain ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Plane Strain Compression ◽  
Deformation Condition ◽  
Rolled Plate ◽  
Pole Density ◽  
Texture Formation ◽  
Compression Tests

In previous study, it was investigated texture formation behaviour of high-temperature plane strain compression test at 723K, under a strain rate of 5.0. It was found that the main texture component and it was sharpness vary depending on deformation conditions. To clarify the characteristic of texture formation behaviour, it is necessary to investigate at various deformation condition. Therefore, in this study, is investigating the influence or texture formation behaviour and strain, strain rate at 673K. Three kinds of specimens with different initial textures were machined out from a rolled plate having a <0001> texture. The plane strain compression tests were conducted at a temperature 673K, and a strain rate of 5.0, with strain between-0.4 to-1.0. After compression tests, the specimens were immediately quenched in oil. The texture evolution was conducted by the Schulz reflection method using Cu Kα radiation and EBSD. Before the deformation, {0001} of specimen A was accumulated in the center of pole figure. The {0001} of specimen B was accumulated at the RD direction. The {0001} of specimen C was accumulated TD direction. As a result, work softening is observed in all the cases at the true stress – true strain curve for three types of specimens. After deformation, the maximum pole density of increases with increasing strain. In this study, it was found that the stable orientation was (0001)<100> and (0001)<110> during deformation.

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