scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Nutrient Digestibility and Nitrogen Retention in Wild and Farmed Canids

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Gugołek ◽  
Janusz Strychalski ◽  
Małgorzata Konstantynowicz ◽  
Cezary Zwoliński
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Abstract The aim of this study, conducted in November 2012, was to determine whether farming of common foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) leads to changes in nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in comparison with their wild counterparts. Wild and farmed animals were compared within and between species. Each group consisted of five males and five females aged around eight months. Farmed silver foxes - a variety of the common red fox (group FSF) and farmed raccoon dogs (group FRD) were purchased from a breeding farm in southeastern Poland. Wild red foxes (group WRF) and wild raccoon dogs (group WRD) were trapped in the hunting grounds of the Polish Hunting Association (Olsztyn Division). The animals were placed in metabolism cages. The coefficients of nutrient and energy digestibility, and daily nitrogen balance and retention values were compared between groups. Farmed animals tended to have higher digestibility coefficients than their wild counterparts. No significant differences were noted within species. The coefficients of dry matter (P≤0.01), organic matter (P≤0.05, P≤0.05) and protein (only FSF vs. WRD - P≤0.05) digestibility were higher in foxes. Raccoon dogs were characterized by higher digestibility of carbohydrates - N-free extracts (P≤0.01). Nitrogen retention was higher in farmed animals. The highest and lowest levels of retained nitrogen were observed in groups FSF and WRD, respectively

scholarly journals Trichinella spp. biomass has increased in raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Estonia

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Age Kärssin ◽  
Liidia Häkkinen ◽  
Enel Niin ◽  
Katrin Peik ◽  
Annika Vilem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Molecular identification of Sarcocystis rileyi sporocysts in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Lithuania

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 1671-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petras Prakas ◽  
Simona Liaugaudaitė ◽  
Liuda Kutkienė ◽  
Aniolas Sruoga ◽  
Saulius Švažas
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Raccoon Dogs ◽  
Sarcocystis Rileyi

A notes on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in ewes fed whole grains of triticale, wheat and maize

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Felix ◽  
R. A. Hill ◽  
W. Winchester
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Collection Period

ABSTRACTTwo digestion trials were conducted using sheep fed whole grains of triticale, wheat or maize on an equal amount or an isonitrogenous basis. Nine ewes were used in a 10-day collection period for each trial. Both trials consisted of three treatment groups of three animals each. Each ewe received daily either 1200 g of a diet containing 740 g (per kg diet) triticale, wheat or maize (trial 1) or 900 g of a diet containing 650, 650 and 600 g (per kg diet), respectively, of the above grains. Digestibilities of various nutrients, dry matter and organic matter were generally similar among treatments. However, apparent digestibility of crude fibre was significantly higher for ewes fed triticale than for those fed maize or wheat diets.

Facilitative interactions between the Eurasian badger (Meles meles), the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and the invasive raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 1389-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kowalczyk ◽  
B. Jędrzejewska ◽  
A. Zalewski ◽  
W. Jędrzejewski
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Primeval Forest ◽  
Facilitative Interactions ◽  
Raccoon Dogs ◽  
Białowieża Primeval Forest

Based on radio-tracking of Eurasian badgers ( Meles meles (L., 1758)), red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes (L., 1758)), and raccoon dogs ( Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray, 1834)) and observations at burrows conducted in Białowieża Primeval Forest (eastern Poland) in 1996–2002, we addressed the hypothesis that facilitative interactions between a native (badger) and an alien (raccoon dog) species contributed to the invasion success of the latter. In winter, 88% of badger setts were occupied by both badgers and raccoon dogs, 4% by badgers and red foxes, and 4% by all three species. In summer, only 20% of badger setts were cohabited by other carnivore species (10% by raccoon dogs and 10% by foxes). Duration of occupation of badger setts by raccoon dogs averaged 117 days (SE = 21 days). Seasonal variation in raccoon dog use of badger setts was explained by changes in ambient temperature: the lower was the temperature, the higher was the rate of sett occupation by raccoon dogs. When wintering in the same sett, badgers and raccoon dogs used different parts of the sett. We conclude that facilitation by badgers (through habitat amelioration and refuge from cold and predation) makes the realized niche of raccoon dogs larger than predicted from their fundamental niche. The facilitating role of badger is stronger in winter, which is a critical period for raccoon dog survival in the temperate and boreal zone.

Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) from Brandenburg, Germany

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Härtwig ◽  
Friederike D. von Loewenich ◽  
Christoph Schulze ◽  
Reinhard K. Straubinger ◽  
Arwid Daugschies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

scholarly journals Intestinal helminths of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from the Augustów Primeval Forest (north-eastern Poland)

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Karamon ◽  
Małgorzata Samorek-Pieróg ◽  
Bożena Moskwa ◽  
Mirosław Różycki ◽  
Ewa Bilska-Zając ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Primeval Forest ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Flotation Method ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

AbstractIntroduction:The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminths in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in the Augustów Primeval Forest (north-eastern Poland), with particular regard to zoonotic parasites.Material and Methods:Intestines from 53 raccoon dogs and 66 red foxes were examined with the use of sedimentation and counting technique (SCT). Samples of faeces from 51 red foxes and 50 raccoon dogs were examined with the use of flotation method.Results:Parasitic helminths were found by SCT in 98.5% of red foxes and 96.2% of raccoon dogs. Both species were infected with:Alaria alata(93.9% and 94.3%, respectively), hookworms (68.2% and 83.0%),Apophallusspp. (7.6% and 15.1%),Mesocestoidesspp. (57.6% and 24.5%),Taeniaspp. (40.9% and 1.9%), andToxocara/Toxascarisnematodes (33.3% 15.1%).Echinococcus multiloculariswas detected only in red foxes (6.1%), but trematodes Echinostomatidae and nematodesMolineusspp. only in raccoon dogs (18.9% and 41.5%, respectively). Additionally,Capillariaspp. eggs were detected by flotation method in 78.4% of foxes and 20.0% of raccoon dogs.Conclusion:The study showed a very high percentage of red foxes and raccoon dogs infected with intestinal helminths in the Augustów Primeval Forest. Moreover, dangerous zoonotic parasites also were found, which should be taken into consideration in the assessment of infection risk for humans in this region.

No evidence of Dirofilaria repens infection in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) from Brandenburg, Germany

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 867-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Härtwig ◽  
Christoph Schulze ◽  
Martin Pfeffer ◽  
Arwid Daugschies ◽  
Viktor Dyachenko
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Dirofilaria Repens ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

In vitro and in vivo digestibility of soya-bean straw treated with various alkalis

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Felix ◽  
R. A. Hill ◽  
B. Diarra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Alkali Concentration

ABSTRACTThree trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of treating soya-bean straw with various alkalis plus ensiling on digestibility of various nutrients and on nitrogen retention in ruminants. Soya-bean straw was treated with sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide and ensiled at 650 g/kg moisture. In trial 1, the effects of level and type of alkali on in vitro digestibility of ensiled soya-bean straw were evaluated. Concentrations of alkalis used were 0 (control), 20, 30, 40 and 50 g/kg dry matter. Both in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and organic matter of soya-bean straw were significantly (P < 0·05) increased with alkali treatment at all levels plus ensiling compared with untreated or treated unensiled straw. The 40 g/kg alkali concentration level in combination with ensiling appeared to be the most effective overall. In trial 2, the effects of type of alkali on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in wether lambs were evaluated. Sixteen wether Suffolk lambs were given untreated or alkali-treated (40 g/kg) ensiled soya-bean straw. Treatments were: (1) water-treated straw; (2) NaOH-treated straw: (3) Ca(OH)1-treated straw; and (4) NH4OH-treated straw. Lambs given NH4OH-treated ensiled straw digested the dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein better than those given water-treated ensiled straw (P < 0·05). NH4OH improved nitrogen intake by proportionately 0·181 but not nitrogen retention. For trial 3, eight Angus steers were used. Chopped soya-bean straw was treated with NH4OH and ensiled in Silopress bags. Treatments were: (1) untreated dry straw; (2) water-treated straw; (3) 30 g/kg NH4OH-treated straw; and (4) 40 g/kg NH4OH-treated straw. The trial consisted of a 7-day collection period which was replicated once. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein and various fibre constituents were increased by ensiling or ensiling and NH4 OH treatment combinations (P < 0·05). Alkali treatments in combination with ensiling appeared to improve digestibility of soya-bean straw, but ammoniation did not improve nitrogen utilization. Ensiling appeared to have a more significant effect than alkali treatments per se on the degradability of soya-bean straw.

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