scholarly journals Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-27 – like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the mucosal layer of canine gastrointestinal tract in physiology and during inflammatory bowel disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Gonkowski ◽  
Andrzej Rychlik ◽  
Jarosław Całka
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Mucosal Layer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Descending Colon ◽  
Labelling Immunofluorescence

Abstract Changes in the density of mucosal pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-27 -like immunoreactive (PACAP-27 - LI) nerve fibers within various parts of the canine gastrointestinal (GI) tract during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were investigated. The distribution of nerves were studied, using a single-labelling immunofluorescence technique, in the mucosal layer of canine stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and descending colon. Canine IBD caused an increase in the density of PACAP- 27-LI mucosal nerves in all studied parts of GI tract. The results suggest that PACAP in the nervous system may be involved in pathological processes during IBD.

scholarly journals Galanin - Immunoreactive Nerve Fibers in the Mucosal Layer of the Canine Gastrointestinal Tract During Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Rychlik ◽  
Sławomir Gonkowski ◽  
Marcin Nowicki ◽  
Jarosław Całka ◽  
Marta Szweda
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Immunofluorescence Method ◽  
Fiber Density ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Mucosal Layer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Abstract The effect of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on the density of galanin - immunoreactive (GAL-IR) nerve fibers was determined in the mucosa of canine duodenum, jejunum, and descending colon. Fiber density was evaluated by a single immunofluorescence method in biopsy specimens obtained from healthy dogs and patients with variable severity of the disease. The density of GAL-IR nerve fibers was determined by the semi-quantitative method by counting fibers in the field of view (0.l mm2). Fiber density was higher in dogs with moderate and severe IBD than in healthy animals. The results of the study suggest that GAL present in intestinal nerve fibers could play a role in the pathogenesis and development of canine IBD.

Diffuse Filiform Polyposis With Unique Histology Mimicking Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in a Patient Without Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 131 (12) ◽  
pp. 1821-1824
Author(s):  
Gerard J. Oakley III ◽  
Wolfgang H. Schraut ◽  
Robert Peel ◽  
Alyssa Krasinskas
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Normal Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Adenomatous Polyposis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Filiform Polyposis ◽  
Vascular Hamartoma

Abstract Filiform polyposis is an uncommon entity that is most often encountered in the colon of patients with a history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Filiform polyposis is characterized by a large number of “wormlike” polyps lined by histologically normal colonic mucosa. These polyps can mimic adenomatous polyps. Only rare cases without a history or evidence of IBD have been reported. Neuromuscular and vascular hamartoma of the small bowel is a rare, focal disorder characterized by disorganized smooth muscle fascicles throughout the submucosa accompanied by fibrosis, nerve fibers, ganglion cells, and vessels. To our knowledge, there is only one report of this lesion in the large bowel (cecum), where it presented as a mass. Here we report the case of a 50-year-old man with no known history or symptoms of IBD presenting with filiform polyposis involving the entire colon, clinically mimicking familial adenomatous polyposis, and showing histologic features similar to neuromuscular and vascular hamartoma of the small bowel.

Inflammatory bowel disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Keshav ◽  
Alexandra Kent
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Anal Verge ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Disease Extent ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Different Characteristics

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Both conditions cause chronic relapsing inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but have different characteristics. UC causes diffuse mucosal inflammation limited to the colon, extending proximally from the anal verge, with the rectum involved in 95% of patients. UC is described in terms of the disease extent: proctitis (confined to the rectum), proctosigmoiditis (disease confined to the recto-sigmoid colon), distal disease (distal to the splenic flexure), and pan-colitis (the entire large intestine). The extent of disease can change, with proximal extension seen in approximately a third of patients with proctitis, although there is great variation between studies. CD causes inflammation that can affect the entire thickness of the wall of the intestine, and is not confined to the mucosa. CD can affect any part of the GI tract. The terminal ileum is affected in approximately 80% of cases, the colon in approximately 60% of cases, and the rectum and perianal region in approximately 40% of cases. CD is classified by location (ileal, colonic, ileocolonic, upper GI tract), by the presence of stricturing or penetrating disease, and by the age of onset (before or after the age of 40). Penetrating disease refers to the development of fistulae, which can lead to complications such as abscesses or perforations. An earlier age at onset is associated with more complicated disease. The diagnosis of UC or CD is established through a combination of clinical, endoscopic, radiological, and histological criteria rather than by any single modality. Occasionally, it is not possible to establish an unequivocal diagnosis of CD or UC in IBD, and a third category, accounting for nearly 10% of cases, is used, termed IBD unclassified.

scholarly journals Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) in the Intestinal Mucosal Nerve Fibers in Dogs with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1759
Author(s):  
Andrzej Rychlik ◽  
Sławomir Gonkowski ◽  
Jarosław Całka ◽  
Krystyna Makowska
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Adaptive Reactions ◽  
Intestinal Polypeptide

Canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of enteropathies with nonspecific chronic symptoms and poorly understood etiology. Many aspects connected with IBD are not understood. One of them is the participation of the intestinal nervous system in the development of pathological processes. Thus, this study aimed to demonstrate changes in the density of intramucosal nerve fibers containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)—one of the most important intestinal nervous factors caused by the various stages of IBD development. Mucosal biopsy specimens collected from the duodenum, jejunum and descending colon of healthy dogs and dogs with varied severity of IBD were included in the experiment. The density of VIP-like immunoreactive (VIP-LI) nerves was determined by a single immunofluorescence technique and a semi-quantitative method consisting in VIP-LI fiber counts in the field of view (0.1 mm2). The obtained results indicate that IBD induces changes in the density of mucosal VIP-LI nerve fibers in the canine gastrointestinal tract. The initial decrease is followed by an increase in VIP-like immunoreactivity in successive stages of the disease. These observations show that VIP is a neuronal factor that participates in the pathological processes connected with canine IBD. The observed changes probably result from the neuroprotective and/or adaptive properties of VIP. Protective and adaptive reactions induced by inflammation aim to protect the GI tract against damage by proinflammatory factors and ensure the homeostasis in the enteric nervous system (ENS) under the conditions changed by the disease process.

Indeterminate Dendritic Cell Tumor (IDCT) of GI Tract, Lymph Node and Spleen Masquerading as Refractory Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S108-S108
Author(s):  
W Huang ◽  
M G Bayerl
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Dendritic Cell ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Langerhans Cells ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Introduction/Objective Indeterminate dendritic cell tumor (IDCT) is an extremely rare neoplasm, most frequently presenting in skin with cells resembling precursors to Langerhans cells. We report an exceptional case of IDCT occurring in GI tract, spleen, and lymph nodes of a 66-year-old lady, mimicking inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods Four years prior to the diagnosis of IDCT, she was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) based on bloody diarrhea and pan-colitis. Her colitis became refractory to medical treatments and she developed pancytopenia, splenomegaly and abdominal lymphadenopathy. A FNA of abdominal lymph node and a colonoscopic biopsy both showed non-necrotizing granulomas, which along with her multiple oral ulcers suggested Crohn’s disease. Due to failure to medical treatments, she underwent proctocolectomy and ileostomy, followed later by subtotal colectomy with excision of a splenule and lymph nodes. Results All specimens from the final operation showed involvement by IDCT characterized by polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, oval nuclei with occasional nuclear grooves, open chromatin and eosinophilic nucleoli. By immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells expressed S100, CD1a, cyclin D1, BRAFV600E. Langerin staining was observed in <5% of cells, suggesting partial differentiation of tumor cells (frequently seen in IDCT) vs. reactive Langerhans cells. No overt cytological atypia and no necrosis were observed. Eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells were sparse. There was no emperioloperesis. The colon showed multifocal active and chronic inflammation and ulcerations associated with the IDCT infiltrate. These specimens were diagnostic of IDCT. Conclusion Absence Langerin in the majority of cells excluded the possibility of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The presence of CD1a and absence of bone involvement excluded the possibility of Erdheim-Chester disease. Retrospectively, it appears that the patient’s symptoms were due to IDCT rather than IBD. The clinical course of IDCT is highly variable, but the BRAF mutation offers a promising new therapeutic target for this patient.

Common Etiologies and Clinical Significance of Gastric Intraepithelial Lymphocytosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S61-S62
Author(s):  
Sunjida Ahmed ◽  
Ruliang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intraepithelial Lymphocytes ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Intraepithelial Lymphocytosis

Abstract Background Increased intraepithelial lymphocytes or intraepithelial lymphocytosis (IEL) in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a response to various mucosal injury. However, the frequency of gastric IEL in GI tract biopsy is not well documented, and the etiologies of gastric IEL are yet to be defined. Methods Cases with a diagnosis of “intraepithelial lymphocytosis” and “intraepithelial lymphocytes” were retrieved from 25,074 GI biopsies and 8,921 partial gastrectomies in our departmental database (Powerpath) for a 1-year period. The diagnosis of IEL was confirmed by the report and/or slide review. Possible etiology or causes of gastric IEL were investigated by correlation with clinical information from LIS (EPIC). Results A total of 694 cases with IEL were identified from 33,995 GI tract specimens (biopsy and resection). Among 694 cases, 34 (4.89%) were gastric biopsy and resection cases with IEL, whereas 561 (80.8%), 37 (5.3%), and 62 (8.9%) were duodenal, esophageal, and colonic specimens, respectively. Thirty-four gastric cases with IEL were closely associated with morbid obesity (8, 23.5%), H pylori infection (8, 23.5%), celiac disease (5, 14.7%), lymphocytic gastritis (5, 14.7%), nonspecific gastritis (4, 11.4%), inflammatory bowel disease (3, 8.8%), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (1, 1.9%). Seventeen of 34 (50%) cases had IEL in both gastric and duodenal mucosa. Those 17 cases with gastroduodenal IEL had morbid obesity (n = 5), celiac disease (n = 5), lymphocytic colitis (n = 2), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 2), H pylori gastritis (n = 2), and nonspecific gastritis (n = 1). Five patients with a diagnosis of lymphocytic gastritis were treated with a protein pump inhibitor after pathologic diagnosis. Among them, 4 had a followed-up endoscopy in 12 months, and 3 of them showed persistent IEL in a follow-up biopsy. Conclusion Gastric IEL is less common than duodenal IEL. It is associated with a broad differential diagnosis. Follow-up biopsy may be necessary for some types of gastric IEL. Persistent IEL in follow-up biopsy may be suggestive of a different etiology or requires different treatment strategy.

Color Doppler Ultrasound Assessment of Clinical Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Celikyay ◽  
R. Yuksekkaya ◽  
M. Yuksekkaya ◽  
A. Kefeli
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Transverse Colon ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Ascending Colon ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Descending Colon

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are two varieties of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Clinicians need a monitoring technique in the IBD. The disease activity can be assessed with endoscopy, activity indexes, and imaging techniques. Color Doppler US (CDUS) is also a non-invasive, radiation, and contrast material free examination which shows the intramural blood flow. Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of B-mode, CDUS, and a newly developed software Color Quantification (CQ) to determine the activity of the IBD. Methods: The disease activity was assessed by clinical activity indexes. Caecum, terminal ileum, ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon were evaluated by B-mode, CDUS, and the CQ. Bowel wall thickness (BWT), loss of bowel stratification, loss of haustration, and the presence of enlarged lymph nodes, mesenteric masses, abscesses, fistula, visual vascular signal patterns of the bowel as “hypo and hyper-flow” and the CQ values were investigated. BWT compared with laboratory results and clinical activities. Vascular signal patterns and the CQ values compared with BWT and clinical activity. The diagnostic performances of the CQ were investigated. Results: Fifty-two patients with IBD were evaluated. Patients with increased BWT at the transverse colon had increased frequency of “hyper-flow” pattern. Clinically active patients had increased incidence of “hyper-flow” pattern at the terminal ileum, ascending colon, and whole segments. They had increased CQ values at the terminal ileum, ascending colon, and descending colon, and whole segments. A cut-off value for the CQ (24.7%) was obtained at the terminal ileum. In the diagnostic performances of CQ, we observed utilities significantly at the ascending colon, descending colon, terminal ileum, and whole segments. There was a positive correlation between the CQ values and BWT at the caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon. Conclusion: Increased visual vascular signal scores and CQ values might be useful for monitoring the disease activity in patients with IBD.

scholarly journals From the inside out: the gut microbiome and inflammatory bowel disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Monica Viladomiu ◽  
Randy S. Longman
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with two main clinical types: Crohn's disease, which can affect any part of the GI tract, and ulcerative colitis (UC), which is limited to the colon. While early research focused primarily on the immune dysregulation and genetic susceptibilities associated with IBD, recent groundbreaking technological advances have allowed the investigation of additional factors, including diet and microbial exposures, in the onset and severity of disease. Advances in high-throughput microbial sequencing, anaerobic bacterial culturing techniques and generating germ-free mouse models have revolutionized our understanding of the microbial species associated with inflammation. While the long-standing clinical efficacy of antibiotics or surgery for Crohn's disease highlights the potential contribution of the socalled ‘IBD microbiome’ to inflammation, recent seminal studies revealed the impact of IBD-derived gut microbiota on host mucosal and systemic inflammation. This mechanistic understanding of how our ‘microbial organ’ functionally impacts both mucosal and systemic inflammatory pathways will help drive novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for IBD.

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