Allelopathic Effects of Cyanobacterial Filtrates on Baltic Diatom

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Śliwińska ◽  
Adam Latała
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Temperature And Growth ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Allelopathic Interactions ◽  
Cell Free Filtrate ◽  
Allelopathic Compounds

Abstract Allelopathy may be one of the factors affecting the formation of massive and harmful algal blooms in aquatic environments. Recent studies indicate that blooms of cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea has grown significantly in last decades, so it is important to determine the allelopathic interactions between the dominant species of cyanobacteria and microalgae. In this work we investigated the influence of allelopathic compounds on the growth of Skeletonema marinoi by addition of cell-free filtrate of the Baltic cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena cultures grown under different temperature (15-25°C). Additionally the effects of filtrates of both an exponential and a stationary growing culture of N. spumigena were tested on diatom. These studies indicate that high temperature affected the donor species by increasing its production of allelochemicals. The highest drop of growth of analyzed diatom were observed after the addition of cell-free filtrate obtained from N. spumigena grown at 25°C and constituted 70% of their control. N. spumigena was only allelopathic in exponential growth phase, whereas the cyanobacteria filtrate from stationary phase have any effect on S. marinoi. These findings suggest that N. spumigena may reveal allelopathic activity and that the production of allelopathic substances is influenced by the temperature and growth phase of cyanobacteria.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of the Baltic picocyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. on selected diatoms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Konarzewska ◽  
Sylwia Śliwińska-Wilczewska ◽  
Adam Latała
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Synechococcus Sp ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Allelopathic Interactions ◽  
Quantum Yield Of Psii

It is commonly believed that the structure of phytoplankton and the formation of cyanobacterial and algal blooms may be explained by allelopathic interactions. The main aim of this study was to investigate the allelopathic effect of picocyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. on the following growth and fluorescence parameters: the maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), and the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) of selected diatoms – Nitzschia fonticola, Fistulifera saprophila, Navicula perminuta and Amphora coffeaeformis. In this study, it was demonstrated that picocyanobacterium caused allelopathic effects against Baltic diatoms. The results showed that the addition of cell-free filtrate from Synechococcus sp. increased the number of cells of N. fonticola and F. saprophila. Moreover, it was found that picocyanobacterium was stimulated fluorescence parameters of N. fonticola, F. saprophila, and N. perminuta. On the other hand, it was noted that filtrate obtained from picocyanobacterium caused the inhibition of Fv/Fm parameter of A. coffeaeformis. The results of this experiment may provide further information about allelopathic interactions between Baltic picocyanobacteria and diatoms that are crucial to the understanding of algal blooms in aquatic ecosystems.

The Case for Phosphorus

Dead Zones ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 106-123
Author(s):  
David L. Kirchman
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Dead Zone ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
The Baltic

As this chapter explains, one approach to evaluate nutrient limitation is to compare nutrient concentrations with the Redfield ratio. Alfred Redfield had no formal background in oceanography, yet he made one of the most fundamental discoveries in the field. He found that the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in marine microorganisms is the same as the ratio of the two elements in nutrients dissolved in the oceans. Because of work with the ratio, the current Hypoxia Action Plan for the Gulf of Mexico mentions phosphorus as well as nitrogen. In the Baltic Sea, it was argued that the focus should be solely on phosphorus to limit toxic cyanobacterial blooms, but other work demonstrates the importance of limiting nitrogen for minimizing eutrophication. Once considered to be a dead lake, Lake Erie improved after the construction of wastewater-treatment plants and the banning of phosphorus-rich detergents, as the chapter shows. But the lake continues to have problems with hypoxia and harmful algal blooms, because of continuing inputs of phosphate and organic nitrogen. The chapter ends by arguing that both nitrogen and phosphorus must be considered in efforts to solve the dead-zone problem.

scholarly journals Ensemble forecasting of harmful algal blooms in the Baltic Sea

2010 ◽  
Vol 83 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 210-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Roiha ◽  
Antti Westerlund ◽  
Aleksi Nummelin ◽  
Tapani Stipa
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Ensemble Forecasting ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Loading Effects of Aminoclays in Co-Culture of Two Cyanobacterial Microcystis and Anabaena Species as an Algicidal Role

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5607
Author(s):  
Minh Kim Nguyen ◽  
Vu Khac Hoang Bui ◽  
Chi-Yong Ahn ◽  
Hee-Mock Oh ◽  
Jin-Soo Koh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Algicidal Activity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Loading Effects ◽  
Anabaena Sp ◽  
Allelopathic Interactions ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

In recent decades, harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been significantly affecting environments, aquatic ecosystems, and human health, as well as damaging economies, especially near rivers and lakes, and in coastal regions. Microcystis and Anabaena are two genera of harmful cyanobacteria that will often predominate during toxic microalgal blooms. In this study, we employ a method for control and mitigation of HABs by microalgal cell instability using different types of aminoclays (ACs). Allelopathic interactions between the two strains of algae are studied in mono-culture, co-culture, and filtrated cell-free medium in the presence of the ACs. The growth of the Anabaena strain is significantly reduced by the cyanobacterial strains in the co-culture media, and both are significantly affected by the Acs’-enhanced algicidal activity. Anabaena sp. KVSF7 shows higher sensitivity against the ACs than does Microcystis sp. KW. In this way, the algicidal activity of ACs is harnessed, the effects of which are in the order of aluminum aminoclay (AlAC) > magnesium aminoclay (MgAC) > calcium aminoclay (CaAC). The ammonium sites in the ACs carry positive charges to induce instability of HABs along with the electrostatic attraction between algal cells and AC. Therefore, the utilization of the algicidal activity of the ACs can effectively reduce HABs, especially on cyanobacterial blooms.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern of cultured kidney-cortex cells

1969 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flemming Güttler ◽  
Jørgen Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Isoenzyme Pattern ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dehydrogenase Isoenzyme

1. The lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern of cultured calf kidney-cortex cells was correlated to growth phase, changes in oxygen supply, mean generation time and changes in nutritional supply. 2. During culture of free cells and intact explants the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern changed towards a dominance of isoenzymes containing the M subunit. 3. Of the shift in monomer proportion, 58% occurred during the lag phase and 42% during the initial part of the exponential growth phase. During the stationary phase the shift in monomer proportion reversed slightly. It was possible to relate the observed shift in monomer proportion to the glycolytic rate. 4. Factors that depressed glycolysis decreased the shift in monomer proportion. Oxygen was found to limit the decrease in the H subunit/M subunit ratio caused by anaerobic culture in vitro. 5. The results obtained support the view that the altered lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern of urine in renal ischaemia may be explained by anaerobic changes in the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern of cortical tubule cells.

scholarly journals Development of an Indirect Quantitation Method to Assess Ichthyotoxic B-Type Prymnesins from Prymnesium parvum

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Killerup Svenssen ◽  
Sofie Bjørnholt Binzer ◽  
Nikola Medić ◽  
Per Juel Hansen ◽  
Thomas Ostenfeld Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Prymnesium Parvum ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Quantitation Method

Harmful algal blooms of Prymnesium parvum have recurrently been associated with the killing of fish. The causative ichthyotoxic agents of this haptophyte are believed to be prymnesins, a group of supersized ladder-frame polyether compounds currently divided into three types. Here, the development of a quantitative method to assess the molar sum of prymnesins in water samples and in algal biomass is reported. The method is based on the derivatization of the primary amine group and subsequent fluorescence detection using external calibrants. The presence of prymnesins in the underivatized sample should be confirmed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The method is currently only partly applicable to water samples due to the low amounts that are present. The growth and cellular toxin content of two B-type producing strains were monitored in batch cultures eventually limited by an elevated pH. The cellular toxin contents varied by a factor of ~2.5 throughout the growth cycle, with the highest amounts found in the exponential growth phase and the lowest in the stationary growth/death phases. The strain K-0081 contained ~5 times more toxin than K-0374. Further investigations showed that the majority of prymnesins were associated with the biomass (89% ± 7%). This study provides the basis for further investigations into the toxicity and production of prymnesins.

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