scholarly journals Loading Effects of Aminoclays in Co-Culture of Two Cyanobacterial Microcystis and Anabaena Species as an Algicidal Role

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5607
Author(s):  
Minh Kim Nguyen ◽  
Vu Khac Hoang Bui ◽  
Chi-Yong Ahn ◽  
Hee-Mock Oh ◽  
Jin-Soo Koh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Algicidal Activity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Loading Effects ◽  
Anabaena Sp ◽  
Allelopathic Interactions ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

In recent decades, harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been significantly affecting environments, aquatic ecosystems, and human health, as well as damaging economies, especially near rivers and lakes, and in coastal regions. Microcystis and Anabaena are two genera of harmful cyanobacteria that will often predominate during toxic microalgal blooms. In this study, we employ a method for control and mitigation of HABs by microalgal cell instability using different types of aminoclays (ACs). Allelopathic interactions between the two strains of algae are studied in mono-culture, co-culture, and filtrated cell-free medium in the presence of the ACs. The growth of the Anabaena strain is significantly reduced by the cyanobacterial strains in the co-culture media, and both are significantly affected by the Acs’-enhanced algicidal activity. Anabaena sp. KVSF7 shows higher sensitivity against the ACs than does Microcystis sp. KW. In this way, the algicidal activity of ACs is harnessed, the effects of which are in the order of aluminum aminoclay (AlAC) > magnesium aminoclay (MgAC) > calcium aminoclay (CaAC). The ammonium sites in the ACs carry positive charges to induce instability of HABs along with the electrostatic attraction between algal cells and AC. Therefore, the utilization of the algicidal activity of the ACs can effectively reduce HABs, especially on cyanobacterial blooms.

scholarly journals Quantifying Scales of Spatial Variability of Cyanobacteria in a Large, Eutrophic Lake Using Multiplatform Remote Sensing Tools

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha L. Sharp ◽  
Alexander L. Forrest ◽  
Keith Bouma-Gregson ◽  
Yufang Jin ◽  
Alicia Cortés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Satellite Monitoring ◽  
Sampling Effort

Harmful algal blooms of cyanobacteria are increasing in magnitude and frequency globally, degrading inland and coastal aquatic ecosystems and adversely affecting public health. Efforts to understand the structure and natural variability of these blooms range from point sampling methods to a wide array of remote sensing tools. This study aims to provide a comprehensive view of cyanobacterial blooms in Clear Lake, California — a shallow, polymictic, naturally eutrophic lake with a long record of episodic cyanobacteria blooms. To understand the spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of cyanobacterial blooms, we evaluated a satellite remote sensing tool for estimating coarse cyanobacteria distribution with coincident, in situ measurements at varying scales and resolutions. The Cyanobacteria Index (CI) remote sensing algorithm was used to estimate cyanobacterial abundance in the top portion of the water column from data acquired from the Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) sensor on the Sentinel-3a satellite. We collected hyperspectral data from a handheld spectroradiometer; discrete 1 m integrated surface samples for chlorophyll-a and phycocyanin; multispectral imagery from small Unmanned Aerial System (sUAS) flights (∼12 cm resolution); Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) measurements of chlorophyll-a, turbidity, and colored dissolved organic matter (∼10 cm horizontal spacing, 1 m below the water surface); and meteorological forcing and lake temperature data to provide context to our cyanobacteria measurements. A semivariogram analysis of the high resolution AUV and sUAS data found the Critical Scale of Variability for cyanobacterial blooms to range from 70 to 175 m, which is finer than what is resolvable by the satellite data. We thus observed high spatial variability within each 300 m satellite pixel. Finally, we used the field spectroscopy data to evaluate the accuracy of both the original and revised CI algorithm. We found the revised CI algorithm was not effective in estimating cyanobacterial abundance for our study site. Satellite-based remote sensing tools are vital to researchers and water managers as they provide consistent, high-coverage data at a low cost and sampling effort. The findings of this research support continued development and refinement of remote sensing tools, which are essential for satellite monitoring of harmful algal blooms in lakes and reservoirs.

scholarly journals Nutrient Control to Prevent the Occurrence of Cyanobacterial Blooms in a Eutrophic Lake in Southern Sweden, Used for Drinking Water Supply

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Lars-Anders Hansson ◽  
Kenneth M. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Future Work

Control of nutrients, mainly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), plays a significant role in preventing cyanobacterial blooms (harmful algal blooms (HABs)). This study aimed at evaluating changes in the risk of the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms and advancing the understanding of how N and P affect the growth of cyanobacteria in a eutrophic lake, Lake Vombsjön, in southern Sweden. Statistical analysis was used to demonstrate the pattern of cyanobacterial blooms, that the highest content present in September and the later that algal blooms occur, the more likely it is a cyanobacterial bloom as cyanobacteria became dominating in October and November (90%). Two hypothesises tested in Lake Vombsjön confirmed namely that a high total phosphorus (TP) level correlates with an abundance of cyanobacteria and that low N:P ratio (total nitrogen/total phosphorus < 20) favours the growth of cyanobacteria. To control the growth of cyanobacteria in Lake Vombsjön, the TP level should be kept below 20 µg/L and the N:P ratio be maintained at a level of over 20. The two species Planktothrix agardhii, and Pseudanabaena spp. should be carefully monitored especially in late autumn. Future work should consider any high degree of leakage from the sediment of the dissolved phosphorus available there.

scholarly journals The Use of Sentinel-3 Imagery to Monitor Cyanobacterial Blooms

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Ogashawara
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
New Algorithms

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) have been a concern for aquatic systems, especially those used for water supply and recreation. Thus, the monitoring of CHABs is essential for the establishment of water governance policies. Recently, remote sensing has been used as a tool to monitor CHABs worldwide. Remote monitoring of CHABs relies on the optical properties of pigments, especially the phycocyanin (PC) and chlorophyll-a (chl-a). The goal of this study is to evaluate the potential of recent launch the Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) on-board the Sentinel-3 satellite to identify PC and chl-a. To do this, OLCI images were collected over the Western part of Lake Erie (U.S.A.) during the summer of 2016, 2017, and 2018. When comparing the use of traditional remote sensing algorithms to estimate PC and chl-a, none was able to accurately estimate both pigments. However, when single and band ratios were used to estimate these pigments, stronger correlations were found. These results indicate that spectral band selection should be re-evaluated for the development of new algorithms for OLCI images. Overall, Sentinel 3/OLCI has the potential to be used to identify PC and chl-a. However, algorithm development is needed.

An introduction to the 'micronet' of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs): cyanobacteria, zooplankton and microorganisms: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Wilk-Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Change Temperature ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms are known all around the world. Climate change (temperature increase) and human activity (eutrophication) are factors that promote the proliferation of cyanobacteria, leading to the development of blooms and the release of toxins. Abiotic and biotic factors are responsible for the development of blooms and how long they last. Although the abiotic factors controlling blooms are well known, knowledge of biotic factors and their interactions is still lacking. This paper reviews five levels of biotic interactions, namely cyanobacteria–zooplankton, cyanobacteria–ciliates, cyanobacteria–bacteria, cyanobacteria–viruses and cyanobacteria–fungi, showing a more complex food web network than was previously thought. New findings published recently, such as the relationships between cyanobacteria and viruses or cyanobacteria and fungi, indicate that cyanobacterial blooms are not the end of the cycle of events taking place in water habitats, but rather the middle of them. As such, a new approach needs to consider mutual connections, genetic response, horizontal gene transfer and non-linear flow of carbon.

The Case for Phosphorus

Dead Zones ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 106-123
Author(s):  
David L. Kirchman
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Dead Zone ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
The Baltic

As this chapter explains, one approach to evaluate nutrient limitation is to compare nutrient concentrations with the Redfield ratio. Alfred Redfield had no formal background in oceanography, yet he made one of the most fundamental discoveries in the field. He found that the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in marine microorganisms is the same as the ratio of the two elements in nutrients dissolved in the oceans. Because of work with the ratio, the current Hypoxia Action Plan for the Gulf of Mexico mentions phosphorus as well as nitrogen. In the Baltic Sea, it was argued that the focus should be solely on phosphorus to limit toxic cyanobacterial blooms, but other work demonstrates the importance of limiting nitrogen for minimizing eutrophication. Once considered to be a dead lake, Lake Erie improved after the construction of wastewater-treatment plants and the banning of phosphorus-rich detergents, as the chapter shows. But the lake continues to have problems with hypoxia and harmful algal blooms, because of continuing inputs of phosphate and organic nitrogen. The chapter ends by arguing that both nitrogen and phosphorus must be considered in efforts to solve the dead-zone problem.

scholarly journals Effects of Harmful Blooms of Large-Sized and Colonial Cyanobacteria on Aquatic Food Webs

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Moustaka-Gouni ◽  
Ulrich Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Fish Kills ◽  
Fish Yield ◽  
Grazing Resistance ◽  
Aquatic Food

Cyanobacterial blooms are the most important and best studied type of harmful algal blooms in fresh waters and brackish coastal seas. We here review how and to which extent they resist grazing by zooplankton, how zooplankton responds to cyanobacterial blooms and how these effects are further transmitted to fish. Size, toxicity and poor nutritional value are widespread mechanisms of grazing defense by cyanobacteria. In some cases, defenses are inducible, in some they are obligate. However, to some extent zooplankton overcome grazing resistance, partly after evolutionary adaptation. Cyanotoxins are also harmful to fish and may cause fish kills. However, some fish species feed on Cyanobacteria, are able to reduce their abundance, and grow on a cyanobacterial diet. While reduced edibility for crustacean zooplankton tends to elongate the food chain from primary producers to fish, direct feeding by fish tends to shorten it. The few available comparative studies relating fish yield to nutrients or phytoplankton provide no indication that cyanobacteria should reduce the ratio fish production: primary production.

scholarly journals Intercalibration of MERIS, MODIS, and OLCI Satellite Imagers for Construction of Past, Present, and Future Cyanobacterial Biomass Time Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2305
Author(s):  
Timothy T. Wynne ◽  
Sachidananda Mishra ◽  
Andrew Meredith ◽  
R. Wayne Litaker ◽  
Richard P. Stumpf
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Atmospheric Correction ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Spectral Shape ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Resolution Imaging

Satellite imagery has been used to monitor and assess Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), specifically, cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Erie (the USA and Canada) for over twelve years. In recent years, imagery has been applied to the other Great Lakes as well as other U.S. lakes. The key algorithm used in this monitoring system is the cyanobacterial index (CI), a measure of the chlorophyll found in cyanobacterial blooms. The CI is a “spectral shape” (or curvature) algorithm, which is a form of the second derivative around the 681 nm (MERIS/OLCI) or 678 nm (MODIS) band, which is robust and implicitly includes an atmospheric correction, allowing reliable use for many more scenes than analytical algorithms. Monitoring of cyanobacterial blooms with the CI began with the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) sensor (2002–2012). With the loss of data from MERIS in the spring of 2012, the monitoring system shifted to using NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). MODIS has bands that allow computation of a CI product, which was intercalibrated with MERIS at the time to establish a conversion of MODIS CI to MERIS CI. In 2016, ESA launched the Ocean and Land Color Imager (OLCI), the replacement for MERIS, on the Sentinel-3 spacecraft. MODIS can serve two purposes. It can provide a critical data set for the blooms of 2012–2015, and it offers a bridge from MERIS to OLCI. We propose a basin-wide integrated technique for intercalibrating the CI algorithm from MODIS to both MERIS and OLCI. This method allowed us to intercalibrate OLCI CI to MERIS CI, which would then allow the production of a 20-year and ongoing record of cyanobacterial bloom activity. This approach also allows updates as sensor calibrations change or new sensors are launched, and it could be readily applied to spectral shape algorithms.

scholarly journals The effect of iron on Chilean Alexandrium catenella growth and paralytic shellfish toxin production as related to algal blooms

BioMetals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Yarimizu ◽  
Jorge I. Mardones ◽  
Javier Paredes-Mella ◽  
Luis Norambuena-Subiabre ◽  
Carl J. Carrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Alexandrium Catenella ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Toxin ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Shellfish Toxin

AbstractThe dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella is a well-known paralytic shellfish toxin producer that forms harmful algal blooms (HABs) worldwide. Blooms of this species have repeatedly brought severe ecological and economic impacts to Chile, especially in the southern region, where the shellfish and salmon industries are world-famous. The mechanisms of such HABs have been intensively studied but are still unclear. Nutrient overloading is one of the often-discussed drivers for HABs. The present study used the A. catenella strain isolated from southern Chile to investigate how iron conditions could affect their growth and toxin production as related to HAB. Our results showed that an optimum concentration of iron was pivotal for proper A. catenella growth. Thus, while excess iron exerted a toxic effect, low iron media led to iron insufficiency and growth inhibition. In addition, the study shows that the degree of paralytic shellfish toxin production by A. catenella varied depending on the iron concentration in the culture media. The A. catenella strain from southern Chile produced GTX1-4 exclusively in the fmol cell−1 scale. Based on these findings, we suggest that including iron and paralytic shellfish toxin measurements in the fields can improve the current HAB monitoring and contribute to an understanding of A. catenella bloom dynamics in Chile.

scholarly journals The Use of Biochar and Pyrolysed Materials to Improve Water Quality through Microcystin Sorption Separation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2871
Author(s):  
Vladimír Frišták ◽  
H. Dail Laughinghouse ◽  
Stephen M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
First Time

Harmful algal blooms have increased globally with warming of aquatic environments and increased eutrophication. Proliferation of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and the subsequent flux of toxic extracellular microcystins present threats to public and ecosystem health and challenges for remediation and management. Although methods exist, there is currently a need for more environmentally friendly and economically and technologically feasible sorbents. Biochar has been proposed in this regard because of its high porosity, chemical stability, and notable sorption efficiency for removing of cyanotoxins. In light of worsening cyanobacterial blooms and recent research advances, this review provides a timely assessment of microcystin removal strategies focusing on the most pertinent chemical and physical sorbent properties responsible for effective removal of various pollutants from wastewater, liquid wastes, and aqueous solutions. The pyrolysis process is then evaluated for the first time as a method for sorbent production for microcystin removal, considering the suitability and sorption efficiencies of pyrolysed materials and biochar. Inefficiencies and high costs of conventional methods can be avoided through the use of pyrolysis. The significant potential of biochar for microcystin removal is determined by feedstock type, pyrolysis conditions, and the physiochemical properties produced. This review informs future research and development of pyrolysed materials for the treatment of microcystin contaminated aquatic environments.

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