scholarly journals Determination of Volatile N-Nitrosamines in the Vapour Phase of the Smoke from Various Tobacco Products

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Groenen ◽  
M.C. ten Noever de Brauw
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Capillary Glc ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Whole Smoke

AbstractVolatile N-nitrosamines were determined in the vapour phase of tobacco smoke after accumulation of Iarge vapour samples on to a cooled capillary GLC column. Detection was effected by computerized mass spectrometry and by a nitrogen-specific detector. Five different tobacco products were studied with mass spectrometry for the presence of eight individuaI nitrosamines. The result was negative thirty-nine times and positive only once. Initially, the detection Iimit for the individual nitrosamines was 2 ng per 20-55 mI vapour injection; during this study the effective detection limit was Iowered for some of the compounds by a further twofold to fivefold increase of the vapour volume analysed. The one nitroso compound identified positively and unambiguously was N-nitrosopiperidine in the smoke from the American blend cigarettes. It amounted to about 5.6 ng in the vapour phase of the smoke of one cigarette. The partition of nitrosamines between vapour phase and particulate phase is not known, but amounts of more than 1 µg of dimethylnitrosamine or nitrosopiperidine in the whole smoke of one cigarette as found by some authors, seem improbably high. It is shown in this paper that exclusive use of the alkali flame ionization detector for nitrosamine determinations would have led to false-positive results, especially for dimethylnitrosamine.

scholarly journals The Concept of Accuracy Analysis of the Vertical Displacements Gained from the Hydrostatic Levelling Systems’ Measurements

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4842
Author(s):  
Waldemar Kamiński
Keyword(s):  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Serial Connection ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Comprehensive Determination ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Reference Sensor

Nowadays, hydrostatic levelling is a widely used method for the vertical displacements’ determinations of objects such as bridges, viaducts, wharfs, tunnels, high buildings, historical buildings, special engineering objects (e.g., synchrotron), sports and entertainment halls. The measurements’ sensors implemented in the hydrostatic levelling systems (HLSs) consist of the reference sensor (RS) and sensors located on the controlled points (CPs). The reference sensor is the one that is placed at the point that (in theoretical assumptions) is not a subject to vertical displacements and the displacements of controlled points are determined according to its height. The hydrostatic levelling rule comes from the Bernoulli’s law. While using the Bernoulli’s principle in hydrostatic levelling, the following components have to be taken into account: atmospheric pressure, force of gravity, density of liquid used in sensors places at CPs. The parameters mentioned above are determined with some mean errors that influence on the accuracy assessment of vertical displacements. In the subject’s literature, there are some works describing the individual accuracy analyses of the components mentioned above. In this paper, the author proposes the concept of comprehensive determination of mean error of vertical displacement (of each CPs), calculated from the mean errors’ values of components dedicated for specific HLS. The formulas of covariances’ matrix were derived and they enable to make the accuracy assessment of the calculations’ results. The author also presented the subject of modelling of vertical displacements’ gained values. The dependences, enabling to conduct the statistic tests of received model’s parameters, were implemented. The conducted tests make it possible to verify the correctness of used theoretical models of the examined object treated as the rigid body. The practical analyses were conducted for two simulated variants of sensors’ connections in HLS. Variant no. I is the sensors’ serial connection. Variant no. II relies on the connection of each CPs with the reference sensor. The calculations’ results show that more detailed value estimations of the vertical displacements can be obtained using variant no. II.

Determination of Pyrantel in Swine Liver by Flame Ionization Gas Chromatography and Confirmation by Gas Chromatography /Mass Spectrometry

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-886
Author(s):  
Susan S.C Tai ◽  
Nancy Cargile ◽  
Charlie J Barnes ◽  
Philip Kijak
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ionization Method ◽  
Swine Liver

Abstract During an evaluation of the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) confirmatory procedure of Lynch and Bartoluccl for pyrantel residues in swine tissues, we developed a GC flame Ionization method for quantltatlng pyrantel residues In extracts of swine liver. The method was subjected to trial principally In the laboratories of Biospherics, Inc., using control liver, fortified control liver, and Incurred liver tissue samples. Although the method does not meet all of the current Food and Drug Administration criteria, it compares favorably to the official determinative method. Portions of the same extract can be used for quantitation and for GC/MS confirmation, true recoveries appear to be slightly higher, and an internal standard Is not required. The precision of this method equals or exceeds that of the official determinative method.

scholarly journals Determination of the Radiocarbon Age of Parchment of the Vinland Map

Radiocarbon ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Donahue ◽  
J S Olin ◽  
G Harbottle
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Rare Book ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
The One ◽  
Age Range

The Vinland Map, drawn on a 27.8 × 41.0 cm parchment bifolium, is housed in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University. In the northwest Atlantic Ocean, it shows “the Island of Vinland, discovered by Bjarni and Leif in company.” Skelton, Marston, and Painter (Skelton et al. 1965, 1995) firmly argued the map's authenticity, associating it with the Council of Basle (AD 1431–1449), that is, half a century before Columbus's voyage. Nevertheless, vigorous scholarly questioning of the map's authenticity has persisted (Washburn 1966; McCrone 1974; Olin and Towe 1976; Cahill et al. 1987; McCrone 1988; Towe 1990). We have determined the precise radiocarbon age of the map's parchment by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The one-sigma calibrated calendrical date range is AD 1434 ± 11 years: the 95% confidence level age range is AD 1411–1468.

scholarly journals Analysis of Menthol, Menthol-Like, and Other Tobacco Flavoring Compounds in Cigarettes and in Electrically Heated Tobacco Products

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Reger ◽  
Julia Moß ◽  
Harald Hahn ◽  
Jürgen Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
German Market ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Cooling Agent ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Huge Variety ◽  
The Eu

SummaryAlthough smoking is responsible for a huge variety of diseases which result in ~16% of the fatalities in the United States and Europe respectively, cigarettes are still being sold far and wide. Mentholated cigarettes were introduced in 1920, since then to today social recognition and the use of flavored tobacco products is still increasing especially within young people. The EU adopted as its measure to reduce tobacco use among adolescents the prohibition of tobacco products with a characteristic flavor by means of the directive 2014/40/EU of the European Parliament and the Council.For this reason, we developed a method for the simultaneous determination of 14 tobacco flavors like menthol, menthol-like and other compounds via gas-chromatography coupled with mass-spectrometry (GC/MS) and analyzed 21 different tobacco products (mentholated and non-mentholated cigarettes, as well as electrically heated tobacco products (EHTPs)) of the German market regarding their flavoring compound patterns. The highest amounts of flavoring compounds were determined in menthol cigarettes (~10,000 μg/stick) whereas non-mentholated cigarettes and EHTPs featured only ~10 μg/stick. In total, seven flavoring compounds like menthol, L-menthone, L-linalool, isopulegol, geraniol, camphor and WS-3 (cooling agent) were available within the samples. Mentholated cigarettes could be clearly identified since > 99% of the measured flavoring compounds was represented by menthol. Although flavoring compounds in non-mentholated cigarettes and EHTPs were quite comparable, they could be differentiated due to different flavoring compound patterns. Brandspecific flavoring compound patterns were not recognized.

Determination of Dicyclohexylamine in Cyclamates

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1195-1199
Author(s):  
John W Howard ◽  
Thomas Fazio ◽  
Barbara K Williams ◽  
Richard H White
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Flame Ionization Detector ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Ir Spectrophotometry

Abstract Dicyclohexylamine can be extracted from sodium and calcium cyclamates by liquidliquid extraction, using water, carbon tetrachloride, and hexane. Final analysis is by GLC with a flame ionization detector. Recoveries of dicyclohexylamine added to the cyclamate salts at levels of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 ppm ranged from 90–99%. Dicyclohexylamine was isolated from three of the seven lots of sodium and calcium cyclamates analyzed at concentrations of 2.0, 2.5, and 10.8 ppm. The presence of dicyclohexylamine was confirmed by IR spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry.

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