Community of Monogenea in populations of Cichla monoculus from two tributaries of the Amazon River in the Northern Brazil

SummaryThis study compared the monogeneans community in C. monoculus from the Tapajós River (state of Pará) and Jari River (state of Amapá), northern Brazil. A total of 2188 monogeneans belonging to eight taxa were collected from the gills of fish: Gussevia arilla, Gussevia longihaptor, Gussevia tucunarense, Gussevia undulata, Sciadicleithrum ergensi, Sciadicleithrum umbilicum, Sciadicleithrum uncinatum and Tucunarella cichlae. Gussevia arilla was the dominant species for C. monoculus from the Tapajós River basin, while S. umbilicum predominated among the hosts from the Jari River basin. For the two populations of C. monoculus, the prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance of monogeneans were different and the of parasites community had a high qualitative similarity (87.5 %). The monogeneans community of C. monoculus was characterized by high species richness, with infection values varying from low to moderate. The geographic distance and differences in environmental characteristics arising from the same did not influence the richness of species of monogeneans infesting C. monoculus in the Tapajós and Jari rivers, but appear to have been determinants in the differences observed in the structure of the monogenean communities in each region.

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Seasonality in a taxocoenosis of molluscs from soft bottoms in the Bay of Cádiz (southern Spain)

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315401004829 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 81 (6) ◽

pp. 903-912 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Jose L. Rueda ◽

Manuel Fernández-Casado ◽

Carmen Salas ◽

Serge Gofas

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Correspondence Analysis ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Southern Spain ◽

Soft Bottom ◽

Soft Bottoms ◽

High Species Richness ◽

Bay Of Cadiz ◽

Bay Of Cádiz ◽

Autumn And Winter

The macrofauna of molluscs associated with soft bottoms in the Bay of Cádiz (southern Spain) was studied monthly from February 1994 to January 1996. The number of species (63) is high for a soft bottom and is related to environmental characteristics (growth of macrophytes) and the biogeographical setting of the studied area. Corbula gibba (∼90%) was the dominant species in this taxocoenosis together with the gastropod Nassarius pygmaeus and the bivalves Pandora inaequivalvis, Parvicardium exiguum and Macoma melo. The most frequent species during the two years was also the bivalve Corbula gibba (100%) followed by the gastropods Nassarius pygmaeus, Tricolia tenuis, Rissoa membranacea and the bivalve Macoma melo. Total abundance of the taxocoenosis in both years reached higher values in spring. The dynamics of the ecological indices such as diversity or evenness, and the species richness showed a similar pattern in both years, with low values of diversity and evenness together with high species richness in spring and summer months and the reverse in autumn and winter. The qualitative correspondence analysis of monthly samples shows an ordination related to seasonality in both studied years, however the values of Jaccard's coefficient do not indicate significant boundaries among the monthly samples. The quantitative correspondence analysis shows an ordination and grouping of samples related to the biology of species, particularly with the recruitment of C. gibba, the dominant species. The existence of similar trends in the structure of the taxocoenoses over both years, and the seasonality highlighted by the qualitative correspondence analysis, seems to indicate a certain stability of the ecosystem.

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Do syntopic host species harbour similar symbiotic communities? The case ofChaetopterusspp. (Annelida: Chaetopteridae)

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.2930 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. e2930 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Temir A. Britayev ◽

Elena Mekhova ◽

Yury Deart ◽

Daniel Martin

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Community Structure ◽

Host Species ◽

Interspecific Interactions ◽

Single Species ◽

Intraspecific Interactions ◽

Mean Intensity ◽

Species Dominance ◽

High Species Richness ◽

Symbiotic Community

To assess whether closely related host species harbour similar symbiotic communities, we studied two polychaetes,Chaetopterussp. (n = 11) andChaetopteruscf.appendiculatus(n = 83) living in soft sediments of Nhatrang Bay (South China Sea, Vietnam). The former harboured the porcellanid crabsPolyonyxcf.heokandPolyonyxsp., the pinnotherid crabTetriassp. and the tergipedid nudibranchPhestillasp. The latter harboured the polynoid polychaeteOphthalmonoe pettiboneae, the carapid fishOnuxodon fowleriand the porcellanid crabEulenaios cometes, all of which, exceptO. fowleri, seemed to be specialized symbionts. The species richness and mean intensity of the symbionts were higher inChaetopterussp. than inC.cf.appendiculatus(1.8 and 1.02 species and 3.0 and 1.05 individuals per host respectively). We suggest that the lower density ofChaetopterussp. may explain the higher number of associated symbionts observed, as well as the 100% prevalence (69.5% inC.cf.appenciculatus). MostChaetopterussp. harboured two symbiotic species, which was extremely rare inC.cf.appendiculatus, suggesting lower interspecific interactions in the former. The crab and nudibranch symbionts ofChaetopterussp. often shared a host and lived in pairs, thus partitioning resources. This led to the species coexisting in the tubes ofChaetopterussp., establishing a tightly packed community, indicating high species richness and mean intensity, together with a low species dominance. In contrast, the aggressive, strictly territorial species associated withC.cf.appendiculatusestablished a symbiotic community strongly dominated by single species and, thus, low species richness and mean intensity. Therefore, we suggest that interspecific interactions are determining species richness, intensity and dominance, while intraspecific interactions are influencing only intensity and abundance. It is possible that species composition may have influenced the differences in community structure observed. We hypothesize that both host species could originally be allopatric. The evolutionary specialization of the symbiotic communities would occur in separated geographical areas, while the posterior disappearance of the existing geographical barriers would lead to the overlapped distribution.

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Metazoan parasites of Mugil curema (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae) from the coastal Rio de Janeiro

Cadernos UniFOA ◽

10.47385/cadunifoa.v9.n24.77 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (24) ◽

pp. 67-75

Author(s):

Dimitri Ramos Alves

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Brazilian Coast ◽

Metazoan Parasites ◽

Parasite Abundance ◽

Mean Intensity ◽

Parasite Species Richness

From May to August 2011, 55 specimens of white mullet Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae) collected from coast of the State of Rio de Janeiro (21-23° S, 41-45° W), were necropsied to study their communities of metazoan parasites. Two species of metazoan parasites were collected: Floridosentis mugilis Machado, 1951 (Acantocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) and Metamicrocotyla macracantha Alexander, 1954 (Monogenea: Microcotylidae). The majority of the fishes (n = 41; 74.5%) were parasitized by at least one metazoan species. Three hundred twenty-four specimens, with an average of 5.8 ± 7.6 per host, were collected. Floridosentis mugilis constituted the majority of specimens collected (n = 319), was the dominant species, with highest prevalence, abundance, intensity and mean intensity. The parasites species showed a typical over-dispersed pattern of distribution. The abundance of the species F. mugilis and total parasites collected showed negative correlation with host total length. The metazoan parasites community of M. curema showed dominance of endoparasites, no correlation between parasite abundance and the lack of relationship between the sex of host and parasite rates. Mugil curema showed low parasite species richness when compared with studies on the parasitic fauna of mugilids of the Brazilian coast.

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Community and infracommunities of metazoan parasites in Hemiodus unimaculatus (Hemiodontidae) from Jari River basin, a tributary of Amazon River (Brazil)

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612021090 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Odonei Moia Almeida ◽

Marcos Sidney Brito Oliveira ◽

Marcos Tavares-Dias

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

River Basin ◽

Parasite Community ◽

Amazon Region ◽

Amazon River ◽

Metazoan Parasites ◽

Random Dispersion ◽

Northern Brazil ◽

Species Richness And Abundance ◽

Over Time

Abstract Parasites are an important part of biodiversity, and knowledge of species and their relationship with their hosts helps in monitoring an ecosystem over time. The aim of this study was to investigate the fauna of metazoan parasites in Hemiodus unimaculatus from the Jari River, in the eastern Amazon region, northern Brazil. Of the fish examined, 96.7% were parasitized by one or more species, and a total of 336 parasites such as Dactylogyridae gen. sp.1, Dactylogyridae gen. sp.2, Dactylogyridae gen. sp.3, Dactylogyridae gen. sp.4, Gyrodactilydae gen. sp., Urocleidoides sp.1, Urocleidoides sp.2, Urocleidoides sp.3, metacercariae of Digenea gen. sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Contracaecum sp., Neoechinorhynchus sp. and Acarina gen. sp. The parasite community showed low Brillouin diversity (0.58 ± 0.29), low evenness (0.44 ± 0.21) and low species richness (7.40 ± 3.83). There was a predominance of ectoparasites, mainly monogeneans and digeneans. The parasites showed an aggregate dispersion, except for P. (S.) inopinatus, which had a random dispersion. The size of the hosts had no effect on diversity, species richness and abundance of parasites, but other factors structured the parasite community. This is the first study on the parasite community and infracommunities in H. unimaculatus.

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Metazoan fauna parasitizing Peckoltia braueri and Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Loricariidae) catfishes from the northeastern Brazilian Amazon

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-4392201603232 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 147-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adriele Carolina Franco CARDOSO ◽

Marcos Sidney Brito OLIVEIRA ◽

Ligia Rigôr NEVES ◽

Marcos TAVARES-DIAS

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Parasite Species ◽

River System ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Parasite Fauna ◽

Shannon Index ◽

The Body ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Northern Brazil

ABSTRACT This study investigated the metazoan parasite fauna in Peckoltia braueri and Pterygoplichthys pardalis from a tributary of the Amazon River system, in northern Brazil. In P. braueri, 630 parasites were collected, belonging to Unilatus unilatus, Nothogyrodactylus sp., Genarchella genarchella, Proteocephalus sp., Gorytocephalus elongorchis, Dolops longicauda and Hirudinea gen. sp., with a dominance of monogenean species. In P. pardalis, 120 parasites were collected, belonging to U. unilatus, Acanthostomum gnerii and Gorytocephalus elongorchis, and this acanthocephalan was the dominant species. In both hosts, the parasites presented clumped distribution, high prevalence, low abundance, low Shannon diversity, and low species richness, with a predominance of helminth species. In P. braueri, host length was positively correlated with parasite species richness and Shannon index. There was no difference in the body condition of parasitized and non-parasitized fishes in either host. This was the first report of these parasites in P. braueri and P. pardalis.

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Symbiont Fauna of Freshwater Zooplankton in Several Water Bodies of the Dnipro River Basin

Vestnik Zoologii ◽

10.2478/vzoo-2018-0045 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 439-450

Author(s):

T. S. Rybka ◽

V. I. Yuryshynets

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

River Basin ◽

Host Species ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Freshwater Zooplankton ◽

Parasitic Species ◽

High Species Richness ◽

Taxonomic Groups

Abstract In several water bodies of the Dnipro river Basin, parasitological studies of the representatives of main taxonomic groups of freshwater zooplankton (Rotifera, Copepoda and Cladocera) were conducted. Altogether 22 species of different taxonomic groups (bacteria, flagellates, algae, fungi, ciliates, etc.) of symbionts of zooplankters were found. The dataon the symbiofauna of zooplankters and on the aspects of biology of certain epibiotic and parasitic species were summarized. The study showed the peculiarities of symbionts distribution by host species in different taxonomic groups of zooplankton. The number of symbiotic species increased in following order: Rotifera → Cladocera → Copepoda. Copepoda had high species richness of epibiotic ciliates and the highest rates of colonization by epibiotic algae.

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Structure of arboreal and herbaceous strata in a neotropical seasonally flooded monodominant savanna of Tabebuia aurea

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.16612 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 325-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

ML. Bueno ◽

GA. Damasceno-Junior ◽

A. Pott ◽

V. Pontara ◽

EP. Seleme ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Diameter Distribution ◽

Floristic Similarity ◽

Flood Level ◽

J Curve ◽

High Species Richness ◽

Seasonally Flooded ◽

Episodic Recruitment ◽

Pantanal Wetland

Large areas in the Pantanal wetland are covered by monodominant formations, e.g. typical landscapes with local names such as “paratudal”, dominated by T. aurea. Studies on structure of these formations generally include only woody strata, consequently the species richness registered is usually low due to the absence of the ‘ground layer’ of herbaceous and others low species. We recorded 13 species, 12 genera and 11 families for the arboreal stratum. Considering arboreal flora without the dominant (T. aurea) individuals showed great establishment in relation to the flood level between 35 – 45 cm while the individuals of the dominant species of 30 – 45 cm. The diameter distribution revealed that the population of T. aurea did not show the reverse J curve, the usual pattern for species in constant regeneration, also evidenced in inconstant Licourt quotient, indicating an episodic recruitment that could lead to future changes in structure. In the herbaceous strata we recorded 78 species, included in 62 genera and 27 families. Using plots method we sampled 46 species, 40 genera and 22 families, while in line interception we found 65 species distributed in 57 genera and 26 families. The floristic similarity of Sørensen between both methods was 59.4%, with 33 species in common, and the method of line interception was more efficient in detecting richness, with 35% more species found in the same time. According to the methods of plots and line interception applied on the woody stratum, our results gave similar detailed information on the structure of this type of savanna, and in spite of being monodominant it shows high species richness when the herbaceous stratum is taken into account. Plots and line interception methods showed similar results for the woody stratum and high species richness of the herbaceous stratum.

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Biodiversity hanging by a thread: the importance of fungal litter-trapping systems in tropical rainforests

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2011.1115 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 397-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jake L. Snaddon ◽

Edgar C. Turner ◽

Tom M. Fayle ◽

Chey V. Khen ◽

Paul Eggleton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Leaf Litter ◽

Plant Diversity ◽

Habitat Complexity ◽

Tropical Rainforests ◽

Dramatic Reduction ◽

Experimental Removal ◽

Crucial Component ◽

High Species Richness ◽

Vital Resource

The exceptionally high species richness of arthropods in tropical rainforests hinges on the complexity of the forest itself: that is, on features such as the high plant diversity, the layered nature of the canopy and the abundance and the diversity of epiphytes and litter. We here report on one important, but almost completely neglected, piece of this complex jigsaw—the intricate network of rhizomorph-forming fungi that ramify through the vegetation of the lower canopy and intercept falling leaf litter. We show that this litter-trapping network is abundant and intercepts substantial amounts of litter (257.3 kg ha −1 ): this exceeds the amount of material recorded in any other rainforest litter-trapping system. Experimental removal of this fungal network resulted in a dramatic reduction in both the abundance (decreased by 70.2 ± 4.1%) and morphospecies richness (decreased by 57.4 ± 5.1%) of arthropods. Since the lower canopy levels can contain the highest densities of arthropods, the proportion of the rainforest fauna dependent on the fungal networks is likely to be substantial. Fungal litter-trapping systems are therefore a crucial component of habitat complexity, providing a vital resource that contributes significantly to rainforest biodiversity.

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