scholarly journals Repeated Sprint Ability in Youth Soccer Players: Independent and Combined Effects of Relative Age and Biological Maturity

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
João P. Duarte ◽  
Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva ◽  
Daniela Costa ◽  
Diogo Martinho ◽  
Leonardo G. O. Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Repeated Sprint Ability ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Sprint Ability

AbstractThe objective of the study was to examine the effects of the relative age effect (RAE) and predicted maturity status on body size and repeated sprint ability (RSA: 7 x 34.2 m / 25 s interval) in youth soccer. The sample was composed of 197 male players aged 13-14 years. Body mass, stature, and sitting height were measured, RSA was assessed in the field, and age at peak height velocity (APHV) was predicted. Factorial ANOVA tested the independent and combined effects of RAE given by birth quarters (BQs) and maturity status on dependent variables. Players born in the second birth quarter (BQ2) were significantly taller (F = 4.28, p < 0.01) than their peers born in BQ1 and BQ3. Additionally, players born in BQ2 performed better than players born in BQ4 in RSA total time and ideal time (F ranged between 4.81 and 4.90, p < 0.01), while players born in BQ1 exhibited a lower RSA fatigue index compared to those born in BQ4 (F = 2.90, p < 0.05). The interaction of the BQ and maturity status was a significant source of inter-individual variation for body size (F ranged between 64.92 and 105.57; p < 0.01) and RSA output (F ranged between 4.082 and 6.76; p < 0.05). In summary, being relatively older and, simultaneously, advanced in maturity status corresponds to a substantial advantage in characteristics that are related to soccer-specific fitness.

scholarly journals Assessing Differences in Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Respect to Maturity Status in Highly Trained Youth Soccer Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Doncaster ◽  
John Iga ◽  
Viswanath Unnithan
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Youth Soccer

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine differences in measures of cardiorespiratory fitness and determinants of running economy with respect to maturity status in a group of highly trained youth soccer players. Methods: A total of 21 highly trained youth soccer players participated in this study. On separate visits, players’ peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), running economy at 3 different speeds [8 km·h−1, 80% gaseous exchange threshold (GET), and 95% GET], and pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics were determined. Players also performed a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1). Players were categorized as either “pre-PHV” (peak height velocity) or “mid-PHV” group using the measure of maturity offset. Independent t tests and Cohen’s d effect sizes were then used to assess differences between groups. Results: The mid-PHV group was significantly taller, heavier, and advanced in maturity status. Absolute measures of VO2peak were greater in the mid-PHV group; however, when expressed relative to body mass, fat-free mass, and theoretically derived exponents, VO2peak values were similar between groups. Pre-PHV group presented a significantly reduced VO2 response, during relative submaximal running speeds, when theoretically derived exponents were used, or expressed as %VO2peak. VO2 kinetics (tau) were faster during a low (standing) to moderate (95% GET) transition in the pre-PHV group. Yo-Yo IR1 performance was similar between groups. Conclusion: Although measures of VO2peak and Yo-Yo IR1 performance are shown to be similar between groups, those categorized as pre-PHV group display a superior running economy at relative submaximal running speeds and faster taus during a low to moderate exercise transition than their more mature counterparts.

scholarly journals Short-Term Cardiac Autonomic Recovery after a Repeated Sprint Test in Young Soccer Players

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Cesar Cavinato Cal Abad ◽  
Lucas Adriano Pereira ◽  
Vinicius Zanetti ◽  
Ronaldo Kobal ◽  
Irineu Loturco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Repeated Sprint Ability ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Mean Square Difference ◽  
Sprint Ability

The aim of this study was to describe the time course (within 2 h post-exercise) of heart rate variability (HRV) recovery following a traditional repeated sprint ability (RSA) test applied to youth soccer players. Twenty-four young soccer players (18.4 ± 0.5 years) undertook the following assessments: (1) 10 min rest in the seated position for HRV assessment; (2) a repeated sprint ability (RSA) test; (3) passive recovery in the seated position for 10 min, immediately after finishing the RSA test and 1 h and 2 h post-RSA test. During the HRV measurements (using the natural log of root mean square difference of successive normal RR intervals—lnRMSSD) the participants were instructed to assume a comfortable sitting position, remaining awake and breathing spontaneously for 10 min. Magnitude-based inference was used in the analyses. After the RSA test, the post-1 h measure was almost certainly lower than the resting measure, but almost certainly higher than the lnRMSSD measured post-RSA test. The lnRMSSD post-2 h was likely lower than the resting lnRMSSD and very likely higher than post-1 h. In conclusion, lnRMSSD is severely depressed after performing an RSA test, and reactivation is incomplete after 2 h of passive recovery. This result should be considered by practitioners when applying successive training sessions within intervals shorter than 2 h.

The relationship between peak height velocity and physical performance in youth soccer players

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaat M. Philippaerts ◽  
Roel Vaeyens ◽  
Melissa Janssens ◽  
Bart Van Renterghem ◽  
Dirk Matthys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Modeling developmental changes in strength and aerobic power in children

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Nevill ◽  
Roger L. Holder ◽  
Adam Baxter-Jones ◽  
Joan M. Round ◽  
David A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Polynomial Structure ◽  
Model Structures

The present study examined two contrasting multilevel model structures to describe the developmental (longitudinal) changes in strength and aerobic power in children: 1) an additive polynomial structure and 2) a multiplicative structure with allometric body size components. On the basis of the maximum log-likelihood criterion, the multiplicative “allometric” model was shown to be superior to the additive polynomial model when fitted to the data from two published longitudinal studies and to provide more plausible solutions within and beyond the range of observations.The multilevel regression analysis of study 1 confirmed that aerobic power develops approximately in proportion to body mass, m 1/3. The analyses from study 2 identified a significant increase in quadriceps and biceps strength, in proportion to body size, plus an additional contribution from age, centered at about peak height velocity (PHV). The positive “age” term for boys suggested that at PHV the boys were becoming stronger in the quadriceps and biceps in relation to their body size. In contrast, the girls’ age term was either negligible (quadriceps) or negative (biceps), indicating that at PHV the girls’ strength was developing in proportion to or, in the case of the biceps, was becoming weaker in relation to their body size.

Reliability and Validity of a Soccer-Specific Test of Prolonged Repeated-Sprint Ability

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon L. Oliver ◽  
Neil Armstrong ◽  
Craig A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Repeated Sprint Ability ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Sprint Ability

Purpose:The purpose of the study was to assess the reliability and validity of a newly developed laboratory protocol to measure prolonged repeated-sprint ability (RSA) during soccer-specific exercise.Methods:To assess reliability, 12 youth soccer players age 15.2 ± 0.3 y performed 2 trials of a soccer-specific intermittent-exercise test (SSIET) separated by 3 months. The test was performed on a nonmotorized treadmill. A separate sample of 12 youth soccer players (15.2 ± 0.3 y) completed the SSIET while simultaneously HR, VO2, and blood lactate (BLa) were monitored. The SSIET was designed to replicate the demands of competing in one half of a soccer match while sprint performance was monitored. The test included a 5-s sprint every 2 min.Results:The mean coefficient of variation was 2.5% for the total distance covered during the SSIET and 3.8% for the total distance sprinted; measures of power output were less reliable (>5.9%). Participants covered 4851 ± 251 m during the SSIET, working at an average intensity of 87.5% ± 3.2% HRpeak and 70.2% ± 3.1% VO2peak, with ~7mmol/L BLa accumulation. A significant reduction (P < .05) in sprint performance was ob served over the course of the SSIET.Conclusion:The SSIET provided a reliable method of assessing prolonged RSA in the laboratory. The distance covered and the physiological responses during the SSIET successfully recreated the demands of competing in a soccer match.

scholarly journals Influence of Maturation Status on Eccentric Hamstring Strength Improvements in Youth Male Soccer Players After the Nordic Hamstring Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 990-996
Author(s):  
Benjamin Drury ◽  
Thomas Green ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
Jason Moran
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control

Purpose: This study examined the effects of a 6-week Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) program in youth male soccer players of less mature (pre–peak height velocity [PHV]) or more mature (mid/post-PHV) status. Methods: Forty-eight participants were separated into pre-PHV (11.0 [0.9] y) or mid/post-PHV (13.9 [1.1]) groups and further divided into experimental (EXP) and control groups with eccentric hamstring strength assessed (NordBord) both before and after the training program. Participants in the EXP groups completed a periodized NHE program performed once or twice weekly over a 6-week period. Results: The NHE program resulted in moderate and small increases in relative eccentric hamstring strength (in newtons per kilogram) in the pre-PHV EXP (d = 0.83 [0.03–1.68]) and mid-PHV EXP (d = 0.53 [−0.06 to 1.12]) groups, respectively. Moderate increases in the same measure were also seen in the between-groups analyses in the pre-PHV (d = 1.03 [0.23–1.84]) and mid-PHV (d = 0.87 [0.22–1.51]) groups, with a greater effect observed in the former. Conclusion: The results from this study demonstrate that a 6-week NHE program can improve eccentric hamstring strength in male youth soccer players, with less-mature players achieving mostly greater benefits. The findings from this study can aid in the training prescription of NHE in youth male soccer players.

Relationship Between Repeated Sprint Ability, Aerobic Capacity, Intermittent Endurance, and Heart Rate Recovery in Youth Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 3406-3413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Javier Sanchez-Sanchez ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
Fábio Y. Nakamura ◽  
Jose A. Rodríguez-Marroyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Repeated Sprint Ability ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Sprint Ability

scholarly journals Relationships between Players’ Physical Performance and Small-Sided Game External Responses in a Youth Soccer Training Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Castillo ◽  
Angel Lago-Rodríguez ◽  
Marta Domínguez-Díez ◽  
Silvia Sánchez-Díaz ◽  
Tara Rendo-Urteaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Training Context ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Repeated Sprint Ability ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Soccer Training ◽  
Age Category ◽  
Sprint Ability

The aim of this study was twofold: 1) To compare players’ physical performance and small-sided game (SSG) external responses among three young soccer age categories (i.e., under 14 (U14), under 16 (U16), and under 18 (U18)); and 2) to examine their relationships among physical performance and SSG external responses in each age category. Players’ physical performance was evaluated via several tests and external responses were collected during a four vs. four plus goalkeepers SSG. Main results showed that while older players presented better linear straight sprinting tests (LSSTs) (U18 and U16 vs. U14, p < 0.01), repeated sprint ability (RSA) (U18 vs. U16 and U14 p < 0.01), and change of direction ability (CODA) (U18 and U16 vs. U14, p < 0.01, ES = 2.34−2.72) performances, these differences were not consistent with their SSG external responses (U16 vs. U14, p < 0.01; U18 vs. U16, p < 0.01). Conversely, higher number of associations between players’ physical performance and SSG external responses were found in younger players in comparison to the older ones. These results suggest that while greater physical performance in younger players (i.e., U14) could allow them to exhibit higher external responses, greater physical performance did not influence older players’ (i.e., U18) SSG external responses.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Training Workload Parameters with Variations in Anaerobic Power and Change of Direction Status in Elite Youth Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7934
Author(s):  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Luis Felipe Tubagi Polito ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Gómez ◽  
Mina Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Physical Capacities

The purpose of this study was to test the relationships between training workload (WL) parameters with variations in anaerobic power and change of direction (COD) in under-16 soccer players. Twenty-three elite players under 16 years were daily monitored for their WL across 20 weeks during the competition soccer season. Additionally, players were assessed three times for anthropometric, body composition, COD, and anaerobic power. A correlational analysis between the mean differences between assessments and accumulated WL parameters were conducted. Moreover, a regression analysis was executed to explain the variations in the percentage of change in fitness levels considering the accumulated WL parameters and peak height velocity. The accumulated daily loads during one week showed a large and a moderate correlation with peak power and COD at different periods of the season. Regression analysis showed no significant predictions for COD (F(12, 10) = 1.2, p = 0.41) prediction, acute load (F(12, 10) = 0.63, p = 0.78), or chronic load (F(12, 10) = 0.59, p = 0.81). In conclusion, it may be assumed that the values of the chronic workload and the accumulated training monotony can be used to better explain the physical capacities of young soccer players, suggesting the importance of psychophysiological instruments to identify the effects of the training process in this population.

scholarly journals Repeated Dribbling Ability in Young Soccer Players: Reproducibility and Variation by the Competitive Level

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
João P. Duarte ◽  
Óscar Tavares ◽  
João Valente-dos-Santos ◽  
Vítor Severino ◽  
Alexis Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Sample ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Fatigue Index ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Repeated Sprint Ability ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
Sprint Ability

AbstractThe intermittent nature of match performance in youth soccer supports relevance of ability to repeatedly produce high-intensity actions with short recovery periods. This study was aimed to examine the reproducibility of a repeated dribbling ability protocol and, additionally, to estimate the contribution of concurrent tests to explain inter-individual variability in repeated dribbling output. The total sample comprised 98 players who were assessed as two independent samples: 31 players were assessed twice to examine reliability of the protocol; and 67 juveniles aged 16.1 ± 0.6 years were compared by the competitive level (local, n = 34; national, n = 33) to examine construct validity. All single measurements appeared to be reasonably reliable: total (ICC = 0.924; 95%CI: 0.841 to 0.963); ideal (ICC = 0.913; 95%CI: 0.820 to 0.958); worst (ICC = 0.813; 95%CI: 0.611 to 0.910). In addition, the percentage of the coefficient of variation was below the critical value of 5% for total (%CV = 3.84; TEM = 2.51 s); ideal (%CV = 3.90, TEM = 2.48 s). Comparisons between local and national players suggested magnitude effects as follows: moderate (d-value ranged from 0.63 to 0.89) for all repeated sprint ability scores; large for total (d = 1.87), ideal (d = 1.72), worst (d = 1.28) and moderate for composite scores: the fatigue index (d = 0.69) and the decrement score (d = 0.67). In summary, the dribbling protocol presented reasonable reproducibility properties and output extracted from the protocol seemed to be independent from biological maturation.

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