scholarly journals Principal Threats to the Conservation of Running Water Habitats in the Continental Biogeographical Region of Central Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-61
Author(s):  
Mirosław Grzybowski
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Habitat Directive ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Biogeographical Region ◽  
Negative Impacts

AbstractThis paper discusses the threats to the running water habitats that are highly important to biodiversity the European Community in the Continental Biogeographical Region (CBR) of Europe, specifically in Poland. This study covers four water course habitat types distinguished in Natura 2000, which is a network of nature protection areas in the territory (3260, 3220, 3240, 3270 - the code of the habitat, as in Annex I of the Habitat Directive), occurring in 806 Special Areas of Conservation in Poland. Based on a multivariate analysis, we found significant differences in the conservation status of running water habitats resulting from a variety of threats, pressures, and activities. Agriculture has a number of negative impacts on running water habitats, which are most evident for the following habitats: 3260 > 3270. Forest management may have both negative (3260) and positive effects on habitats (3270). Natural system modifications strongly affect habitats 3240, 3270 > 3260. Among the negative anthropogenic influences are pollution (3260 > 3220); human intrusions, disturbances, and tourism (reported most often) (3260, 3270); transportation and service corridors (3260, and 3270); urbanization, residential, and commercial development tourism (3260); biological resource use other than for agriculture and forestry (3270 > 3260); and mining, extraction of materials, and energy production (3270). Geological events and natural catastrophes—most often inundation—were identified as important hazards for habitat 3240. The development of alien and invasive species strongly affects habitats 3240 > 3260, 3270, and natural biotic and abiotic processes affect habitats 3220 > 3260. Negative impacts associated with climate change were detected mostly for habitat 3260. Taking into account the threats identified, a list of recommended practices for running water habitat types is presented, to be considered in habitat conservation programmes.

scholarly journals Principal threats to the conservation of freshwater habitats in the continental biogeographical region of Central Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 4065-4097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Grzybowski ◽  
Katarzyna Glińska-Lewczuk
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Habitats Directive ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Freshwater Habitat ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Biogeographical Region

Abstract In this paper, we discuss the threats to freshwater habitats that are highly important to the European Community in the Continental Biogeographical Region of Europe, specifically in Poland. The study covers nine freshwater habitat types distinguished in Natura 2000, Annex I of the Habitats Directive, which is a network of nature protection areas in the territory: standing water bodies (3110, 3130, 3140, 3150, and 3160) and running water (3260, 3220, 3240, and 3270), occurring in 806 Special Areas of Conservation in Poland. Of the 72,673 km2 total area of freshwater habitat covered by Natura 2000 in Poland, only 25.70% was classified, from the period 2006‒2018, as favourable status, whereas 68.72% was classified as unfavourable inadequate or unfavourable bad status. Based on a multivariate analysis, we found that significant differences in the conservation status of freshwater habitats resulted from a variety of threats, pressures, and activities, among which the most significant are urbanization and residential and commercial development; transportation and service corridors; decreased and unstable water resources; fishing and harvesting of aquatic resources; agricultural pollution; improper management and use of the agricultural catchment and forest catchment; changes in biocenotic evolution, invasive species succession, and more intense touristic exploration. The changes in conservation status of habitats 3110, 3130, 3140, 3160, and 3260 are also associated with climate change. Taking into account the threats identified, a list of recommended practices for the freshwater habitat types is presented, to be considered in habitat conservation programmes.

scholarly journals The Principal Threats to the Standing Water Habitats in the Continental Biogeographical Region of Central Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-139
Author(s):  
Mirosław Grzybowski
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Plant Species Composition ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Aquatic Resources ◽  
High Importance ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Standing Water ◽  
Biogeographical Region ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract This paper discusses threats of standing water habitats of high importance to the European Community in the Continental Biogeographical Region (CBR) of Europe, specifically in Poland, as a reference. The study covers five standing water habitats types distinguished in Natura 2000: 3110, 3130, 3140, 3150, 3160, occurring in 806 Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) in Poland. The most significant threats to standing water habitats in the Continental biogeographical region, result from human-induced changes in hydrological conditions that have modified whole natural systems. Based on multivariate analysis, we found that significant differences in the conservation status of the standing water habitats resulted from a variety of threats, pressures, and activities, among which the most significant are decreased and unstable water resources (3110, 3130, 3140, 3150, 3160), fishing and harvesting aquatic resources (3110, 3130, 3140, 3150, 3160), pollution from use of the catchment (3130, 3140, 3150), improper management and use of the agricultural catchment (3110, 3130, 3140, 3150, 3160) and forest catchment (3110, 3140, 3160), urbanisation, residential and commercial development (3150, 3140), transportation and service corridors (3140> 3160 > 3110, 3150), including parking areas (3140), changes in biocenotic evolution, succession, plant species composition (3110, 3130, 3140, 3150, 3160), succession of invasive species (3130), and more intense touristic exploration (3110, 3130, 3140, 3150, 3160). Only in the case of habitats 3110, 3130, 3140 changes in their conservation status have been associated with climate change.

scholarly journals Landscape Changes in Protected Areas in Poland

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Anna Zbierska
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Natura 2000 Network ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Legal Forms

Land-Use Cover Changes (LUCCs) are one of the main problems for the preservation of landscapes and natural biodiversity. Protected Areas (PAs) do not escape this threat. Poland is among the European leaders in terms of the variety of landscapes and the share of an area designated as a protected area. However, as many as 78% of the habitats have poor or bad conservation status based on EEA reports. This article analyzes the LUCCs between 2000 and 2018 in various types of the Polish legal forms of nature protection areas and the European Natura 2000 network within the country. The research material was: the data of Corine Land Cover (CLC), the Central Register of Nature Protection Forms, and high-resolution layers, such as HRL and orthophotos. The results were compiled according to the CLC class and forms of protection. The matrix of transformations showed that the most frequently transformed CLC class was 312 (coniferous forest). It was transformed into class 324 (transitional woodland shrubs). The changes in PAs were usually smaller than in the surrounding buffer zones, which may indicate their effectiveness. The exception was the areas of the European Natura 2000 network. The scale of land-cover flows (LCFs) changed within particular forms of protected areas, though afforestation and deforestation predominating in all area types. National reserves and parks were the most stable in terms of land cover structures. However, human settlements increased around the protected areas, potentially increasing threats to their ecological integrity.

Effects of grazing on plant composition, conservation status and ecosystem services of Natura 2000 shrub-grassland habitat types

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1205-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasco Silva ◽  
Filipe X. Catry ◽  
Paulo M. Fernandes ◽  
Francisco C. Rego ◽  
Paula Paes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Plant Composition ◽  
Habitat Types

scholarly journals Population trends of Goričko agricultural landscape birds

Acrocephalus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (174-175) ◽  
pp. 127-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Denac ◽  
Primož Kmecl ◽  
Gregor Domanjko ◽  
Damijan Denac
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Land Consolidation ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Nature Protection

AbstractDue to numerous bird surveys in the past 20 years, the avifauna of Goričko is relatively well known. For some species, the very first national ecological researches were conducted in this area. The article summarizes all bird surveys so far. It presents population trends of farmland species which is one of the most threatened bird groups in Europe. Most of the qualifying species of this habitat that are protected within the Natura 2000 network have suffered a decline at Goričko, specifically QuailCoturnix coturnix, Scops OwlOtus scops, HoopoeUpupa epops, WoodlarkLullula arboreaand White StorkCiconia ciconia. The number of breeding pairs of the latter has not changed, but its fecundity has decreased. Furthermore, populations of other farmland bird species have decreased, for example SkylarkAlauda arvensis, StonechatSaxicola rubicola, SerinSerinus serinusand Common LinnetLinaria cannabina, as well as butterfly populations and tracts of grassland habitat types. National agricultural and nature conservation policies are evidently inefficient in protecting the biodiversity of Goričko. The most probable cause for bird population decline is agricultural intensification, which manifests itself at Goričko as disappearance and intensification of meadows, land consolidation, degradation of traditional orchards and use of pesticides. As a result of land consolidation hedges, uncultivated strips between fields, individual trees and bushes and minority habitat types are disappearing, whereas the surface of arable fields is increasing. Nature conservation measures performed by the Public Institute Goričko Nature Park with the support of DOPPS – BirdLife Slovenia volunteers seem to be efficient, but are spatially and temporally constrained. For this reason, they cannot serve as a substitute for insufficient systemic financing which could be improved by substantive and financial reform of the agri-environmental scheme. Currently, a negligible percentage (1% in 2016) of Goričko is covered by agrienvironmental scheme measures with positive influence on qualifying species and habitat types. As a consequence, only an insignificant share of subsidies from the Rural Development Plan is used for nature protection at Goričko. If the system of agricultural subsidies remains unaltered, no improvement of the conditions for bird conservation at Goričko can be expected.

scholarly journals Contribution of free satellite time-series images to mapping plant communities in the Mediterranean Natura 2000 site: the example of Biguglia Pond in Corse (France)

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
Sébastien Rapinel ◽  
Clémence Rozo ◽  
Pauline Delbosc ◽  
Frédéric Bioret ◽  
Jan-Bernard Bouzillé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Biogeographical Region ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Natura 2000 Site ◽  
Time Series Images ◽  
Sentinel 2

Mapping plant communities, which is essential to assess the conservation status of natural habitats, is currently based mainly on time-consuming field surveys without the use of satellite data. However, free image time-series with high spatial and temporal resolution have been available since 2015. This study assessed the contribution of Sentinel-2 time-series images to mapping the spatial distribution of 18 plant communities within a Natura 2000 site (1978 ha) located on the Mediterranean biogeographical region (Corsica, France). The method was based on random forest modeling of six Sentinel-2 images acquired from 26 February to 24 October 2017, which were calibrated and validated using a field vegetation map. The results showed that the 18 plant communities were modeled correctly, with 72% overall accuracy. The uncertainty map associated with the model indicated areas that required additional field observations.

scholarly journals Metodyka waloryzacji przyrodniczej. Część I: Zastosowania w ochronie przyrody

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-77
Author(s):  
Piotr Matyjasiak
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Red Lists ◽  
Community Interest ◽  
Special Protection

The aim of this paper is to review the method of valorization of natural resources as applied in nature protection and spatial planning. Various valorization indices are discussed, including natural resources of special protection concern (species and natural habitat types of community interest, species legally protected in Poland, species, and ecosystems included in red lists, keystone species, flagship, and charismatic species), indicators of the conservation status of ecosystems and landscapes (indicator species and other indices of the degree of naturalness of ecosystems and landscapes), and components of ecological networks (ecological corridors and patches). Emphasis was placed on the need to include issues of ecological connectivity in the valorization of natural resources.

scholarly journals Conservation status of the Natura 2000 habitat 3110 in Poland: Monitoring, classification and trends

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kolada ◽  
Ryszard Piotrowicz ◽  
Elżbieta Wilk-Woźniak ◽  
Piotr Dynowski ◽  
Piotr Klimaszyk
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Habitats Directive ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Habitat Directive ◽  
Eu Habitats Directive ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Soft water lakes, or so-called lobelia lakes, which are inhabited by a specific vegetation composed of isoetids, have been subjected to intense research aimed at evaluating their condition and conservation status for many years in Poland. At the time of Poland’s accession to the European Union and the implementation of the EU Habitats Directive, these lakes were classified as natural habitat 3110. In accordance with the provision of the Habitat Directive a comprehensive methodology for monitoring and classification of the state of this habitat has been developed. Using this methodology, two monitoring trials (in 2009–2010 and again in 2016–2017) were carried out at 45 and 43 sites of the 3110 natural habitat, respectively. These studies confirm the high sensitivity of these poorly buffered aquatic ecosystems to all external influences, both natural and anthropogenic. The overall conservation status of the 3110 habitat in Poland showed a relatively high stability, with similar proportions of sites classified as favourable (FV), unfavourable inadequate (U1) and unfavourable bad (U2) between 2009–2010 (35%, 49% and 16%, respectively) and 2016–2017 (33%, 56% and 11%, respectively). Out of 43 sites examined in 2016–2017, 29 remained unchanged compared with the results of the previous survey concerning their overall status. Results of the monitoring research also allow for the observation and evaluation of mechanisms and directions of changes in the functioning of these ecosystems. Based on the experiences from two series of monitoring conducted so far, the methodology has been assessed as appropriate for the assessment of the conservation status of the 3110 natural habitat, however, some modifications and additions have been suggested.

scholarly journals Riparian Vegetation on the Left Tributaries of the Danube Along the “Clisura” Cross Valley

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Erika Schneider-Binder
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Natura 2000 Network ◽  
Alluvial Forests ◽  
Iron Gate ◽  
Fringe Communities

Abstract The author presents the riparian vegetation of the left tributaries of the Danube in the “Clisura” area including the habitat types 91E0* Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae), 6430 Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities and other interlocking habitats. They are analysed from the ecological and the phytocoenological point of view. Discussed are also their phytogeographical particularities. Furthermore are emphasized the changes of the vegetation on the lower part of the tributaries as a consequence of the construction of the Iron Gate power plant and the backwater situation. Finally the conservation status of the riparian habitats is analysed in the context of their importance for the European Natura 2000 network.

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