scholarly journals An Integrative Approach to the Patient with Thrombophilia / SVEOBUHVATNI PRISTUP BOLESNIKU SA TROMBOFILIJOM

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Gorana Mitić
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Family History ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

Summary Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a multifactorial disease that results from a conjunction of several risk factors, both inherited and acquired. The younger the person, the more risk factors are required to cause the disease. Since 1937, when the term thrombophilia was coined by Nygaard and Brown, and 1965 when it was used for the first time by Egeberg, a substantial increase in the percentage of patients with VTE and underlying thrombophilia has been reported, particularly after the discovery of the most common thrombophilic mutations, FV Leiden and FII G20210A. Presence of thrombophilia could be detected in as many as 50% of all patients with VTE. Thrombophilia testing has increased lately not only in patients with thromboses but also for other indications, however, whether the results will help in the clinical management of the patients is still unclear. Thrombo philia testing is most commonly performed in young patients with VTE, patients with recurrent episodes of VTE or with thromboses at unusual sites and in persons with positive family history. Whether the presence of thrombophilia influences the clinical management of the patient remains controversial. Patients with VTE and the recognized risk factors such are surgery, trauma, immobilization, pregnancy and the puerperium are at very low risk for recurrence, but prediction of the recurrence of VTE based on the presence of thrombophilia has not been sufficiently explored. Presence of clinical risk factors should be integrated in the strategy of VTE risk assessment. Since many risk factors, such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and smoking are common for both arterial and venous thromboses, it has been suggested that VTE should be considered as part of a pancardiovascular syndrome, along with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and cerebrovascular disease. Positive family history for VTE in a first-degree relative increases the risk for VTE occurrence by 2-fold, regardless of the presence of inherited thrombophilia. Pregnancy-related risk of VTE is sixfold in creased compared to nonpregnant age-matched women. Women with thrombophilia have been shown to be at an increased risk not only of pregnancy-associated thromboembolism, but also of other vascular complications, including recurrent fetal loss and intrauterine fetal death. Risk for antepartal pregnancy-related VTE is considerably increased in obese women confined to bed for longer than one week, in women who underwent assisted reproduction, in multiple pregnancies, gestational diabetes and maternal age over 35 years. Postpartal risk factors differ, with eclampsia, emergency cesarian section and placenta praevia being the most important. Testing for thrombophilia generally does not alter the management of a patient with VTE, except for selected groups of patients. Women of fertile age with positive family history and presence of thrombophilia may benefit from thromboprophylaxis implementation during pregnancy, or can make the decision not to use oral contraceptives. In the future, the use of global coagulation tests that could detect a hypercoagulable state, along with other clinical risk factors, might improve VTE risk assessment and optimize the duration of treatment of VTE disease.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Isolated Side Branch Coronary Artery Disease

Angiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 000331972110280
Author(s):  
Sukru Arslan ◽  
Ahmet Yildiz ◽  
Okay Abaci ◽  
Urfan Jafarov ◽  
Servet Batit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Side Branch ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

The data with respect to stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) are mainly confined to main vessel disease. However, there is a lack of information and long-term outcomes regarding isolated side branch disease. This study aimed to evaluate long-term major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in patients with isolated side branch coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 437 patients with isolated side branch SCAD were included. After a median follow-up of 38 months, the overall MACCE and all-cause mortality rates were 14.6% and 5.9%, respectively. Among angiographic features, 68.2% of patients had diagonal artery and 82.2% had ostial lesions. In 28.8% of patients, the vessel diameter was ≥2.75 mm. According to the American College of Cardiology lesion classification, 84.2% of patients had either class B or C lesions. Age, ostial lesions, glycated hemoglobin A1c, and neutrophil levels were independent predictors of MACCE. On the other hand, side branch location, vessel diameter, and lesion complexity did not affect outcomes. Clinical risk factors seem to have a greater impact on MACCE rather than lesion morphology. Therefore, the treatment of clinical risk factors is of paramount importance in these patients.

scholarly journals Study of risk factors and its correlation with constraint induced movement therapy for atherosclerosis in patients of coronary artery disease and their offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
Venugopal Margekar ◽  
Shweta Thakur ◽  
O. P. Jatav ◽  
Pankaj Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Constraint Induced Movement Therapy ◽  
Group Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: A significant percent of cardiovascular event occurs without well-known modifiable risk. A new tool for early identification for atherosclerosis is required for early intervention. Aims and objectives of the study was to study the risk factors for CAD and its correlation with CIMT.Methods: One hundred and forty subjects were studied for the risk factors of CAD in Department of Medicine of G.R. Medical College, Gwalior from 2012 to 2013. Out of 140 subjects, 100 were patients having CAD and 40 age matched subjects were included as control group. Data was also recorded from their offspring. High resolution B mode ultrasonography was performed to assess CIMT of carotid arteries. The maximum CIMT of any one side of carotid artery was taken for study.Results: CAD was more prevalent among males (78%). Majority of the offspring of cases had age between 28-42 years and majority were male (73%). Most common risk factors for CAD was dyslipidemia (48%), hypertension (24%), diabetes (12%) and smoking (21%), whereas in offspring’s of CAD patients, dyslipidemia was seen in 28%, hypertension in 3%, diabetes and tobacco smoking in 12% and 24% respectively. The CIMT of CAD patients was significantly increased with increasing the number of risk factors and the same pattern was also seen in controls.  The CIMT of asymptomatic offspring’s having positive family history was significantly more than the asymptomatic offspring without positive family history of CAD.Conclusions: CIMT measurements can be used as a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis as it has showed a direct link with number of risk factors of CAD. 

scholarly journals Major clinical risk factors for seizures in febrile children aged 6 to 60 months.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 891-894
Author(s):  
Shahid Ishaq ◽  
Ejaz Mazari ◽  
Fazal ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Objectives: Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common type of seizures and typically transpire in children with ages from 6 to 60 months. This study was planned to find out major clinical risk factors for seizures in febrile children who were aged 6 to 60 months. A total of 100 febrile children aged 6 to 60. Study Design: Analytical Study. Setting: Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Multan. Period: From 1st April 2018 to 31st December 2018. Material & Methods: Group A had 40 children with febrile seizures while group B had 60 febrile children but without seizures. Demographic features along with family history of (H/O) epilepsy as well as family history of febrile seizure, types of seizure and infection diseases were noted and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Odds ratio was calculated for various risk factors. Chi square test was applied and P value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Out of a total of 100 children, there were 54 (54.0%) male and 46 (46.0%) female. There was no statistical difference in terms of gender between the two groups (p value = 0.566). Overall, mean age of the children was 26.02 months with standard deviation of 13.4 months. There were 28 (70.0%) children who reported with simple seizures while complex seizures were found in 12 (30.0%) cases. Statistically significant difference (p value = 0.001) was seen in terms of types of infections between the two study groups. When risk of seizures for various risk factors was calculated, family H/O FS, family H/O epilepsy, and upper RTI were as 14, 7 and 3 times respectively and turned out to be the major risk factors for seizures in febrile children. Conclusions: Family H/O FS, family H/O epilepsy and upper RTIs are the major risk factors related with seizures in febrile children. Measures to prevent these risk factors can decrease the burden of FS in our population.

Combining genetic markers and clinical risk factors improves the risk assessment of impaired glucose metabolism

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie-May Ruchat ◽  
Marie-Claude Vohl ◽  
S. John Weisnagel ◽  
Tuomo Rankinen ◽  
Claude Bouchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Impaired Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Clinical Risk

scholarly journals Identification of patients at increased risk of suicide in hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancer: an analysis of epidemiologic and clinical risk factors

HPB ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. S55
Author(s):  
P. Martinez Quinones ◽  
A. Talukder ◽  
N. Walsh ◽  
A. Lawson ◽  
A. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Fracture risk assessment in frail older people using clinical risk factors

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Chen ◽  
J. M. Simpson ◽  
L. M. March ◽  
I. D. Cameron ◽  
R. G. Cumming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Older People ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Fracture Risk Assessment ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Frail Older People ◽  
Clinical Risk

scholarly journals Redefining osteoporosis treatment: who to treat and how long to treat

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Michael Lewiecki ◽  
Stuart L. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bmd Testing

Osteoporosis is a common disease that is associated with increased risk of fractures and serious clinical consequences. Bone mineral density (BMD) testing is used to diagnose osteoporosis, estimate the risk of fracture, and monitor changes in BMD over time. Combining clinical risk factors for fracture with BMD is a better predictor of fracture risk than BMD or clinical risk factors alone. Methodologies are being developed to use BMD and validated risk factors to estimate the 10-year probability of fracture, and then combine fracture probability with country-specific economic assumptions to determine cost-effective intervention thresholds. The decision to treat is based on factors that also include availability of therapy, patient preferences, and co-morbidities. All patients benefit from nonpharmacological lifestyle treatments such a weight-bearing exercise, adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D, fall prevention, avoidance of cigarette smoking and bone-toxic drugs, and moderation of alcohol intake. Patients at high risk for fracture should be considered for pharmacological therapy, which can reduce fracture risk by about 50%.

P6162Difference in progression to obstructive lesions according to the presence of high-risk plaque features

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S E Lee ◽  
G Pontone ◽  
I Gottlieb ◽  
M Hadamitzky ◽  
J A Leipsic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Obstructive Lesion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Background It is still debatable whether the so-called high-risk plaque (HRP) simply represents a certain phase during the natural history of coronary atherosclerotic plaques or the disease progression would differ according to the presence of HRP. Purpose We determined whether the pattern of non-obstructive lesion progression into obstructive lesions would differ according to the presence of HRP. Methods Patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease, defined as % diameter stenosis (%DS) ≥50%, were enrolled from a prospective, multinational registry of consecutive patients who underwent serial coronary computed tomography angiography at an inter-scan interval of ≥2 years. HRP was defined as lesions with ≥2 of positive remodelling, spotty calcification, and low-attenuation plaque. The total and compositional percent atheroma volume (PAV) at baseline and annualized PAV change were compared between non-HRP and HRP lesions. Results A total of 1,115 non-obstructive lesions were identified from 327 patients (61.1±8.9 years old, 66.0% male). There were 690 non-HRP and 425 HRP lesions. HRP lesions possessed greater PAV and %DS at baseline compared to non-HRP lesions. However, the annualized total and non-calcified PAV change were greater in non-HRP lesions than in HRP lesions. On multivariate analysis, addition of baseline PAV and %DS to clinical risk factors improved the predictive power of the model (Table). When clinical risk factors, PAV, %DS, and HRP were all adjusted on Model 3, only baseline PAV and %DS independently predicted the development of obstructive lesions (hazard ratio (HR) 1.046 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.026–1.066] and HR 1.087 [95% CI: 1.055–1.119], respectively, all p<0.001), while HRP did not (p>0.05). Comparison of C-statistics of per-lesion analysis to predict progression to obstructive lesion C-statistics (95% CI) P Model 1: Baseline PAV 0.880 (0.879–0.884) – Model 2: Model 1 + baseline %DS 0.938 (0.937–0.939) vs. Model 1: <0.001 Model 3: Model 2 + HRP 0.935 (0.934–0.937) vs. Model 2: 0.004 Adjusted for age, male sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, family history of coronary artery disease, smoking, body mass index, and statin use. Conclusion The pattern of individual coronary atherosclerotic plaque progression differed according to the presence of HRP. Baseline PAV was the most important predictor for lesions developing into obstructive lesions rather than the presence of HRP features at baseline. Acknowledgement/Funding This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (Grant No. 2012027176).

scholarly journals Clinical Application of a Novel Genetic Risk Score for Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Cardiometabolic Disease

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Marston ◽  
Parth N. Patel ◽  
Frederick K. Kamanu ◽  
Francesco Nordio ◽  
Giorgio M. Melloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Genome-wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with an increased risk of stroke. We sought to determine whether a genetic risk score (GRS) could identify subjects at higher risk for ischemic stroke after accounting for traditional clinical risk factors in five trials across the spectrum of cardiometabolic disease. Methods: Subjects who had consented for genetic testing and who were of European ancestry from the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48, SOLID-TIMI 52, SAVOR-TIMI 53, PEGASUS-TIMI 54, and FOURIER trials were included in this analysis. A set of 32 SNPs associated with ischemic stroke was used to calculate a GRS in each patient and identify tertiles of genetic risk. A Cox model was used to calculate hazard ratios for ischemic stroke across genetic risk groups, adjusted for clinical risk factors. Results: In 51,288 subjects across the five trials, a total of 960 subjects had an ischemic stroke over a median follow-up period of 2.5 years. After adjusting for clinical risk factors, increasing genetic risk was strongly and independently associated with increased risk for ischemic stroke (p-trend=0.009). When compared to individuals in the lowest third of genetic risk, individuals in the middle and top tertiles of genetic risk had adjusted hazard ratios of 1.15 (95% CI 0.98-1.36) and 1.24 (95% CI 1.05-1.45) for ischemic stroke, respectively. Stratification into subgroups revealed the performance of the GRS appeared stronger in the primary prevention cohort with an adjusted HR for the top versus lowest tertile of 1.27 (95% CI 1.04-1.53), compared with an adjusted HR of 1.06 (95% CI 0.81-1.41) in subjects with prior stroke. In an exploratory analysis of patients with atrial fibrillation and CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc of 2, high genetic risk conferred a 4-fold higher risk of stroke and an absolute risk equivalent to those with CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc of 3. Conclusions: Across a broad spectrum of subjects with cardiometabolic disease, a 32-SNP GRS was a strong, independent predictor of ischemic stroke. In patients with atrial fibrillation but lower CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc scores, the GRS identified patients with risk comparable to those with higher CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc scores.

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