scholarly journals A Practical Review of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Treatment in Primary Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin T. Call ◽  
Pedro Cortés ◽  
Dana M. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Abstract The treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is becoming more complex as new medications are approved. Primary care providers must maintain their medical knowledge on emerging medications for best patient care. This review simplifies the non-insulin treatments of diabetes with an emphasis on the cardio-renal protectants, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1).

scholarly journals Prevention of diabetes type 2 by adjustment of lifestyle and diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 3697
Author(s):  
Alaa Noor Elahi ◽  
Fardus Almarghalani ◽  
Hussain Al-Ramadhan ◽  
Al Hassan Jalal ◽  
Haya Alnafisah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
The World

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic health conditions around the world and is a major challenge to health care providers. Its incidence across the world is increasing. There is long-term affection of pancreas before symptoms start, allowing for a large window for early detection and prevention of the disease. We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1987, through March 2017. The following search terms were used: diabetes type 2, prevention diabetes type 2, effects of lifestyle on health, alcohol and diabetes, smoking and diabetes, preventive strategies for diabetes type 2. Our aim in this study is to understand the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus type 2 with regards to the risk factors and how to prevent them. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is considered a preventable disease, therefore, studying its risk factors and trying to reduce them is very important. Even minor modifications in risk factors of the disease could achieve significant reduction in incidence and progression of diabetes. Weight loss, improved dietary intake, and increased exercise levels are the most important interventions that will lead to significant decrease in the occurrence of the disease.

scholarly journals Incorporating SGLT2i and GLP-1RA for Cardiovascular and Kidney Disease Risk Reduction: Call for Action to the Cardiology Community

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Adam J. Nelson ◽  
Neha J. Pagidipati ◽  
Vanita R. Aroda ◽  
Matthew A. Cavender ◽  
Jennifer B. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Risk Reducing

Multiple sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) have been shown to impart significant cardiovascular and kidney benefits, but are underused in clinical practice. Both SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA were first studied as glucose-lowering drugs, which may have impeded uptake by cardiologists in the wake of proven cardiovascular efficacy. Their significant effect on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes, which are largely independent of glucose-lowering effects, must drive a broader use of these drugs. Cardiologists are 3 times more likely than endocrinologists to see patients with both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, thus they are ideally positioned to share responsibility for SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA treatment with primary care providers. In order to increase adoption, SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA must be reframed as primarily cardiovascular and kidney disease risk-reducing agents with a side effect of glucose-lowering. Coordinated and multifaceted interventions engaging clinicians, patients, payers, professional societies, and health systems must be implemented to incentivize the adoption of these medications as part of routine cardiovascular and kidney care. Greater use of SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA will improve outcomes for patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk for cardiovascular and kidney disease.

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