Karyological studies on eight species of Onobrychis genus in Turkey

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Sepet ◽  
İrfan Emre ◽  
Yaşar Kiran ◽  
Murat Kursat ◽  
Ahmet Sahin
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
Satellite Chromosomes

AbstractThis study used karyological techniques to determine the chromosome numbers and morphology of eight species of Onobrychis L. (O. caput-galli (L.) Lam, O. aequidentata (Sibth. & Sm.) d’ Urv, O. fallax Freyn & Sint. var. fallax, O. lasiostachya Boiss, O. viciifolia Scop., O. oxyodonta Boiss. subsp. armena (Bois. & Huet) Aktoklu, O. hypargyrea Boiss. and O. cappadocica Boiss.). The results of this study determined the chromosome numbers of O. cappadocica as 2n = 16; O. viciifolia as 2n = 28 and the other species as 2n = 14 The karyotypes of species consisted of median-centromeric (m) or submedian-centromeric (sm) chromosomes. However, O. oxyodonta Boiss. subsp. armena (Bois. & Huet) Aktoklu was found to have only the median-centromeric (m) chromosomes. According to the results of the present study, of the eight Onobrychis taxa, only O. hypargyrea has a pair of satellite chromosomes (sat-chromosome). Furthermore, this study detected karyotype asymmetry.

Aspidistra revoluta, a new species from limestone areas in Chongqing, China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 257 (3) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Si-rong Yi ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
Yu-jing Wei
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Chongqing Municipality ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
A New Species

Aspidistra revoluta (Asparagaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from limestone areas in southern Chongqing Municipality, China. The new species can be distinguished from the other Aspidistra species by its unique umbrella-like pistil with large revolute stigma lobes that bent downwards and touch the base of the perigone. A detailed morphological comparison among A. revoluta, A. nanchuanensis and A. carnosa is provided. The pollen grains of A. revoluta are subspherical and inaperturate, with verrucous exine. The chromosome number is 2n = 38, and the karyotype is formulated as 2n = 22m + 6sm + 10st. The average length of chromosome complement is 4.50 μm, and the karyotype asymmetry indexes A1 and A2 are respectively 0.37±0.03 and 0.49±0.01.

scholarly journals Descending Dysploidy and Bidirectional Changes in Genome Size Accompanied Crepis (Asteraceae) Evolution

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1436
Author(s):  
Magdalena Senderowicz ◽  
Teresa Nowak ◽  
Magdalena Rojek-Jelonek ◽  
Maciej Bisaga ◽  
Laszlo Papp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Ancestral Genome ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
Major Direction

The evolution of the karyotype and genome size was examined in species of Crepis sensu lato. The phylogenetic relationships, inferred from the plastid and nrITS DNA sequences, were used as a framework to infer the patterns of karyotype evolution. Five different base chromosome numbers (x = 3, 4, 5, 6, and 11) were observed. A phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of the chromosome numbers allowed the inference of x = 6 as the ancestral state and the descending dysploidy as the major direction of the chromosome base number evolution. The derived base chromosome numbers (x = 5, 4, and 3) were found to have originated independently and recurrently in the different lineages of the genus. A few independent events of increases in karyotype asymmetry were inferred to have accompanied the karyotype evolution in Crepis. The genome sizes of 33 Crepis species differed seven-fold and the ancestral genome size was reconstructed to be 1 C = 3.44 pg. Both decreases and increases in the genome size were inferred to have occurred within and between the lineages. The data suggest that, in addition to dysploidy, the amplification/elimination of various repetitive DNAs was likely involved in the genome and taxa differentiation in the genus.

Cytoevolutionary Studies in the Genus Bulbine Wolf (Liliaceae) .II. The Australian Annual Taxa (Bulbine semibarbata s.1.)

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM Watson
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Polyploid Complex ◽  
Southwestern Australia ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Karyotypic Diversity ◽  
Interpopulation Variation

A cytological survey, using root tip mitotic cells and supplemented by some crosses and pollen fertility studies, was carried out on plants of 55 populations of the Australian annual Bulbine sernibarbata s.1. (Liliaceae). There are 4x, 8x and 12.x populations.The 4x forms are almost completely confined to eastern Australia and comprise populations of two kinds: (1) 28-chromosome types, corresponding in morphology to B. alata Baijnath, which to date has had limited taxonomic acceptance; (2) 26-chromosome types with the morphology of B. sernibarbata s. str. The alata form occurs in arid, the sernibarbata in more mesic, areas. The eastern 8x populations are mainly 2n = 54 and are intermediate between the other two taxa in both range and morphology. This suggests an allopolyploid origin based on hybridisation between the alata and sernibarbata types. The western 8x populations are nearly all 2n = 52, with much interpopulation variation in karyotype and a mesic distribution similar to that of the eastern 26-chromosome types. The karyotypic diversity parallels the species richness of other genera in southwestern Australia and indicates that the complex may be older than the corresponding polyploid complex within the perennial B. bulbosa s.1. The 12x (2n =78) populations are confined to arid and transitional rainfall areas of Western Australia. The identification of a distinctive 28-chromosome karyotype for the alata group gives support to the recognition of B. alata Baijnath, and, by providing a logical euploid bridge between the chromosome numbers of the African (2n = 14) and Australian species, strengthens the arguments for treating the two groups as congeneric.

scholarly journals Chromosome numbers for the Italian flora: 9

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Giovanni Astuti ◽  
Gianni Bedini ◽  
Daniela Ciccarelli ◽  
Lijuan Liu ◽  
Manuel Tiburtini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mediterranean Species ◽  
Italian Flora

In this contribution, new chromosome data obtained on material collected in Italy are presented. It includes counts from six populations of three taxa within the genus Pulmonaria, two of which are endemic to Italy (P. vallarsae subsp. apennina and P. vallarsae subsp. vallarsae); the other is the widespread European P. officinalis. In addition, two counts from Potentilla detommasii and Stachys thirkei, two eastern Mediterranean species, are also reported.

The genus Rubus in South Africa. I. Chromosome numbers and geographical distribution of species

Bothalia ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 591-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Spies ◽  
H. Du Du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
African Species ◽  
Rubus Species ◽  
First Time

The geographical distribution of 14 of the Rubus species in South Africa is presented. Chromosome numbers of nine of the species were determined: six for the first time, one is confirmed and additional polyploid levels are described for the other two species. It is demonstrated that the South African species of the subgenus Idaeobatus contain less diploid specimens and more polyploid specimens than their extra-African counterparts. This phenomenon could be attributed to hybridization between the subgenera Eubatus and  Idaeobatus.

Homology of chromosomes of the X genomes in common and Uruguayan dallisgrass, Paspalum dilatatum

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 950-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron L. Burson
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Paspalum Dilatatum ◽  
Intraspecific Hybridization ◽  
The Common ◽  
Complete Sets ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Metaphase I

Two biotypes of dallisgrass, Paspalum dilatatum Poir., designated common and Uruguayan, have chromosome numbers and genome formulas of 2n = 5x = 50 (IIJJX) and 2n = 6x = 60 (IIJJXX), respectively. The relationship between the X genomes in these two biotypes is unknown, and each was arbitrarily assigned the letter X to designate an unknown genome. This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between the X genomes in these two biotypes. Because both biotypes are apomicts and cannot be crossed, a sexual intraspecific F1 hybrid (2n = 45) between sexual yellow-anthered (2n = 4x = 40; IIJJ) and common dallisgrass biotypes was crossed with Uruguayan dallisgrass. This F1 hybrid has complete sets of the I and J genomes but only 5 of the 10 chromosomes of the X genome from common dallisgrass. Two hybrids were recovered. One had 52 and the other had 53 chromosomes, which associated at metaphase I as 22 bivalents + 8 univalents and 23 bivalents + 7 univalents, respectively. Twenty bivalents represent pairing of members of the I and J genomes, and those in excess of 20 represent pairing between members of the two X genomes. The remaining members of the X genome from the Uruguayan biotype were present as univalents at metaphase I. This demonstrates that those chromosomes of the X genome from the common biotype that were present are homologous to members of the X genome of the Uruguayan biotype. Both hybrids are aposporous facultative apomicts with some sterility.Key words: meiosis, intraspecific hybridization, chromosome pairing, genome relations, apomixis.

CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN SOME MOSSES FROM QUEBEC

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Al-Aish ◽  
Lewis E. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Taxonomic Relationship ◽  
Close Resemblance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dicranum Scoparium ◽  
European Populations

The results of chromosome studies of five species of mosses from the Mont Tremblant area of Quebec are presented. The chromosome numbers of two species, Plagiothecium roeseanum (Hampe) B.S.G., with the number n = 20, and Polytrichum ohioense Ren. & Card., with the number n = 14, are reported for the first time. Both species are established tetraploids with no evidence of chromosome irregularities in meiosis. Chromosome numbers reported for the other three species are as follows: Dicranum rugosum (Hoffm.) Brid., n = 12; Dicranum scoparium Hedw., n = 12; and Plagiothecium denticulatum Hedw., n = 20. The population of D. rugosum that was studied did not possess small precociously separating bivalents as have been reported for European populations. The close resemblance of the chromosome complements of P. denticulatum and P. roeseanum is in line with the close taxonomic relationship between the two species. Cytotaxonomic implications are discussed under each species.

scholarly journals The chromosome cycle in Coccidia and Gregarines

1915 ◽  
Vol 89 (610) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chromosome Cycle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Careful Investigation

Despite the large amount of work which has already been devoted to the study of the Coccidia and Gregarines, very little indeed is known definitely about the behaviour of the chromosomes in these Protozoa. Not only has the chromosome cycle been left uninvestigated and undescribed in the majority of these organisms which have hitherto been studied, but the very existence of chromosomes in the nuclear divisions at many stages in the life-history of certain forms has even been denied; and the most contradictory and unsatis­factory accounts have been given of that most important phase in the life-cycle of the chromosomes—the phase of meiosis, or reduction. In order to fill up this gap in our knowledge of the Sporozoa, we have made —during the last few years—a very detailed study of the chromosomes of a coccidian and a gregarine. One of us (C. D.) has investigated the coccidian Aggregate eberthi Labbé, whilst the other (A. P. J.) has studied the gregarine Diplocystis schneideri Kunstler. Careful investigation of these two organisms has shown that the nuclear divisions at all stages in the life-histories are mitotic, and that the chromosome numbers are remarkably constant.

scholarly journals A checklist of chromosome numbers and a review of karyotype variation in Odonata of the world

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-540
Author(s):  
Valentina G. Kuznetsova ◽  
Natalia V. Golub
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Modes ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages ◽  
Sex Determination Mechanisms

The ancient insect order Odonata is divided into three suborders: Anisoptera and Zygoptera with approximately 3000 species worldwide each, and Anisozygoptera with only four extant species in the relict family Epiophlebiidae. An updated list of Odonata species studied regarding chromosome number, sex chromosome mechanism and the occurrence of m-chromosomes (= microchromosomes) is given. Karyotypes of 607 species (198 genera, 23 families), covering approximately 10% of described species, are reported: 423 species (125 genera, 8 families) of the Anisoptera, 184 species (72 genera, 14 families) of the Zygoptera, and one species of the Anisozygoptera. Among the Odonata, sex determination mechanisms in males can be of X(0), XY and X1X2Y types, and diploid chromosome numbers can vary from 6 to 41, with a clear mode at 2n = 25(60%) and two more local modes at 2n = 27(21%) and 2n = 23(13%). The karyotype 2n = 25(24A + X) is found in each of the three suborders and is the most typical (modal) in many families, including the best-covered Libellulidae, Corduliidae (Anisoptera), Lestidae, Calopterygidae, and Platycnemididae (Zygoptera). This chromosome set is considered ancestral for the Odonata in general. Chromosome rearrangements, among which fusions and fissions most likely predominated, led to independent origins of similar karyotypes within different phylogenetic lineages of the order. The karyotype 2n = 27(26A + X) prevails in Aeshnidae and Coenagrionidae, whereas the karyotype 2n = 23(22A + X) is modal in Gomphidae and Chlorocyphidae, in both pairs of families one being from the Anisoptera while the other from the Zygoptera.

scholarly journals A checklist of chromosome numbers and a review of karyotype variation in Odonata of the world

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-540
Author(s):  
Valentina G. Kuznetsova ◽  
Natalia V. Golub
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Modes ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages ◽  
Sex Determination Mechanisms

The ancient insect order Odonata is divided into three suborders: Anisoptera and Zygoptera with approximately 3000 species worldwide each, and Anisozygoptera with only four extant species in the relict family Epiophlebiidae. An updated list of Odonata species studied regarding chromosome number, sex chromosome mechanism and the occurrence of m-chromosomes (= microchromosomes) is given. Karyotypes of 607 species (198 genera, 23 families), covering approximately 10% of described species, are reported: 423 species (125 genera, 8 families) of the Anisoptera, 184 species (72 genera, 14 families) of the Zygoptera, and one species of the Anisozygoptera. Among the Odonata, sex determination mechanisms in males can be of X(0), XY and X1X2Y types, and diploid chromosome numbers can vary from 6 to 41, with a clear mode at 2n = 25(60%) and two more local modes at 2n = 27(21%) and 2n = 23(13%). The karyotype 2n = 25(24A + X) is found in each of the three suborders and is the most typical (modal) in many families, including the best-covered Libellulidae, Corduliidae (Anisoptera), Lestidae, Calopterygidae, and Platycnemididae (Zygoptera). This chromosome set is considered ancestral for the Odonata in general. Chromosome rearrangements, among which fusions and fissions most likely predominated, led to independent origins of similar karyotypes within different phylogenetic lineages of the order. The karyotype 2n = 27(26A + X) prevails in Aeshnidae and Coenagrionidae, whereas the karyotype 2n = 23(22A + X) is modal in Gomphidae and Chlorocyphidae, in both pairs of families one being from the Anisoptera while the other from the Zygoptera.

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