scholarly journals Variance components and parent–offspring cor- relations of growth traits vary among the initial planting spacings in Zelkova serrata

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Jun Tanabe ◽  
Ryota Endo ◽  
Satoru Kuroda ◽  
Futoshi Ishiguri ◽  
Tomohiro Narisawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Variance Component ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Competition Effect ◽  
Zelkova Serrata

Abstract Variance components of tree height (HT) and stem diameter at 1.3 m above the ground (DBH) were investigated for the eight open-pollinated families of Zelkova serrata (Thumb.) Makino planted with three different initial planting spacings in a progeny test site, Chiba, Japan. Parent–offspring correlations were also evaluated by using these families and their mother trees. The smallest values of HT and DBH were observed in the narrowest initial planting spacing (1.10 x 1.10 m) compared to those in medium (1.30 x 1.36 m) and wide (2.00 x 1.80 m) spacings, suggesting that adverse effects of competition with neighboring trees occurred on both height and radial growth. Similar to HT and DBH, the initial planting spacings also affected the genetic parameter estimates: the ratio of family variance component to total phenotypic variance showed the highest value in narrow initial planting spacing for both HT and DBH. Thus, family variance component might include competition effects, leading to biased genetic parameter estimates. In contrast, parent–offspring correlation coefficients showed the highest value in wide initial planting spacing where competition effect might be smaller. Therefore, the growth traits of Z. serrata might be inherited from the parent to the offspring when competition effect was small.

Genetic parameter estimates for early growth traits in Naeini goat

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Baneh ◽  
Mojtaba Najafi ◽  
Ghodrat Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Estimate Variance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Birth Type

The present study was carried out to estimate variance components for growth traits in Naeini goats. Bodyweight records were collected for two flocks under supervision of the Agriculture Organisation of the Esfahan province between 2000 and 2007. Investigated traits were birthweight (BW; n = 2483), weaning weight (WW; n = 1211) and average daily gain from birth to weaning (ADG; n = 1211). Environmental effects were investigated using fixed-effect models, while (co)variance components and genetic parameters were estimated with single- and three-trait analyses using REML methods and WOMBAT software. Six different animal models were fitted to the traits, with the best model for each trait determined by log-likelihood ratio tests (LRT). All traits were significantly influenced by herd, birth year, sex of the kid, birth type and dam age (P < 0.01). On the basis of LRT, maternal permanent environmental effects (c2) were significant for WW and ADG, while BW was affected only by direct genetic effects. Direct heritability estimates for BW, WW and ADG were 0.25 ± 0.05, 0.07 ± 0.06 and 0.21 ± 0.11, respectively. The estimate of c2 was 0.16 ± 0.06 for both WW and ADG. Estimates of genetic correlation for BW–ADG, BW–WW and ADG–WW were 0.49, 0.61 and 0.94, respectively. The estimated phenotypic correlations were positive and were between 0.03 (BW–ADG) and 0.95 (ADG–WW). These results indicate that selection can be used to improve growth traits in this goat breed.

scholarly journals Genetic control of plant architecture in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia França Teixeira ◽  
Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho ◽  
Ângela de Fátima Barbosa Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Mean And Variance

More erect plant architecture has been a goal in the development of bean cultivars. Aiming to obtain more information about genetic control of traits related to plant architecture, this work was carried out between August 1995 and July 1997 in the southern and Alto São Francisco regions, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Initially, analyses were performed with individual plants of parents and different segregant generations from the crosses Carioca-MG x H-4 and Carioca x FT-Tarumã. In these experiments, besides degree of erectness, other traits were evaluated: ramification degree, internode length, internode diameter and height of insertion of the first pod. Mean and variance components and heritability at an individual level were estimated. Later, families derived from F2 or F3 plants of the same crosses were evaluated for degree of erectness. Genetic and phenotypic variance between family averages, heritabilities using variance components, and realized heritability were estimated. Of the morphological traits, internode length varied the most. There was a predominance of additive effect in the control of this trait. Evaluating plant architecture with individual plants for degree of erectness was not efficient. However, when families were used, genetic parameter estimates confirmed the possibility of successful selection, especially if evaluated for a few generations and/or environments, despite the strong environmental influence on trait expression.

(Co)Variance components and genetic parameter estimates for growth traits in Moghani sheep

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 170-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jafaroghli ◽  
A. Rashidi ◽  
M.S. Mokhtari ◽  
A.A. Shadparvar
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Parameter Estimates

scholarly journals Model comparisons and genetic parameter estimates of growth and the Kleiber ratio in Shal sheep

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mohammadi ◽  
M. M. Shahrebabak ◽  
H. M. Shahrebabak ◽  
A. Bahrami ◽  
M. Dorostkar
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Kleiber Ratio ◽  
Lamb Growth

Abstract. Genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated for lamb growth traits for the Shal sheep using an animal model. Data on lamb growth performance were extracted from available performance records at the Shal sheep Station in Qazvin, Iran. Studied traits were body weights of lambs at birth (BW), at 3 months of age as weaning weight (WW), 6 months weight (6MW), 9 months weight (9MW), yearling weight (YW), average daily gain from birth to weaning (ADG) and Kleiber ratio from birth to weaning (KR). Significant random effects for each trait were determined by fitting additive direct genetic effects, additive maternal effects, covariance between additive direct and additive maternal effects, maternal permanent environmental and maternal temporary environmental (common litter) effects under twelve animal models. Univariate analyses were carried out under the most appropriate model, determined by AIC test. Direct heritability estimates for BW, WW, ADG, KR, 6MW, 9MW and YW were 0.13, 0.19, 0.18, 0.05, 0.16, 0.18 and 0.19, respectively. Maternal additive genetic effects were fitted only for BW and WW; corresponding estimates of 0.12 and 0.10 obtained for maternal heritability of BW and WW, respectively. Maternal permanent environmental effects have low contribution in expression of KR and lead to estimates of 0.06 and 0.06 for maternal permanent environmental variance as a proportion of phenotypic variance (c2) of these traits, respectively. All pre-weaning traits, except KR, were affected by litter effects. The magnitude of ratio of common litter variance to phenotypic variance (l2) was 0.05, 0.12 and 0.14 for BW, WW and ADG, respectively. Direct genetic correlations were positive and ranged from 0.09 for KR-YW to 0.80 for WW-ADG; phenotypic ones ranged from 0.18 for KR-YW to 0.87 for WW-ADG.

scholarly journals Evaluación fenotípica y genética para características de crecimiento en la raza criolla colombiana Costeño con Cuernos

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Alfredo Martínez ◽  
Juan Esteban Pérez ◽  
Teófilo Herazo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Number Of Births

<p>Se establecieron componentes de varianza, así como parámetros fenotípicos y genéticos, respecto de las variables ‘peso al nacimiento’, ‘peso al destete’ (ajustado a los 270 días) y ‘peso a los 480 días’ en un hato del ganado criollo colombiano Costeño con Cuernos. Se analizaron 2.281 registros de pesos al nacer, 1.722 de pesos al destete  y 1.086 de pesos ajustados a los 480 días utilizando la metodología de máxima verosimilitud restringida (DFREML). También se ajustó un modelo animal que incluyó efectos genéticos directos, maternos y de ambiente permanente, asumiendo como efectos fijos el año de nacimiento, el sexo del ternero y el número de partos de la madre; finalmente, se estimaron los parámetros genéticos ‘heredabilidad’, ‘repetibilildad’ y se establecieron correlaciones genéticas y fenotípicas. Se reportan bajas estimaciones de heredabilidad de los efectos directos, que varían entre 0,17 ± 0,001 y 0,21 ± 0,074 para los pesos al nacer y al destete, respectivamente; así mismo, fue baja la heredabilidad de los efectos genéticos maternos con relación al peso al nacimiento, aunque estos estimados aumentaron respecto de los pesos al nacer y al destete. Las correlaciones entre efectos directos y maternos fueron negativas, pero el mayor valor se encontró para el peso al nacimiento (-0,89). La contribución del ambiente permanente como proporción de la varianza fenotípica total fue baja y disminuyó a medida que aumentó la edad del animal.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Genetic and phenotypic evaluation to characterize growth traits of the native Colombian breed Costeño con Cuernos</strong></p><p>For a herd of native Colombian breed of cattle -Costeño con Cuernos (CCC)- estimates of variance components for phenotypic and genetic parameters were obtained for birth weight, weight at weaning (adjusted to 270 days) and weight at 480 days. Using the restricted maximum likelihood (REMI) methodology, 2281 birth weight records (PN), 1722 weaning weight records and 1086 weight records adjusted to 480 days were analyze by fitting a model which included direct and maternal genetics effects as well as permanent environmental effects, assuming that fixed effects were year of birth weight, calf gender and the mother number of births. The genetic parameters for heritability, repeatability, genetic and phenotypic correlation were estimated and genotypic and phenotypic correlation was established. Heritability estimates for direct effects are low and range from 0.17 ± 0.001 and 0.21 ± 0.074 for birth and weaning weight respectively; while estimates for maternal genetics effects were also low for PN, they were higher for weaning weight and weight at 480 days. There was a negative correlation between direct and maternal effects, and the higher value was for PN (-0.89). The contribution of the variable permanent environment measured as the contribution of the phenotypic variance was low and diminished as animal age increased.</p>

scholarly journals Opportunities and limits of combining microbiome and genome data for complex trait prediction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Pérez-Enciso ◽  
Laura M. Zingaretti ◽  
Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas ◽  
Gustavo de los Campos
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Individual Snps ◽  
Simulation Strategy ◽  
Microbiome Data ◽  
Trait Prediction

AbstractThe analysis and prediction of complex traits using microbiome data combined with host genomic information is a topic of utmost interest. However, numerous questions remain to be answered: How useful can the microbiome be for complex trait prediction? Are microbiability estimates reliable? Can the underlying biological links between the host’s genome, microbiome, and the phenome be recovered? Here, we address these issues by (i) developing a novel simulation strategy that uses real microbiome and genotype data as input, and (ii) proposing a variance-component approach which, in the spirit of mediation analyses, quantifies the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by genome and microbiome, and dissects it into direct and indirect effects. The proposed simulation approach can mimic a genetic link between the microbiome and SNP data via a permutation procedure that retains the distributional properties of the data. Results suggest that microbiome data could significantly improve phenotype prediction accuracy, irrespective of whether some abundances are under direct genetic control by the host or not. Overall, random-effects linear methods appear robust for variance components estimation, despite the highly leptokurtic distribution of microbiota abundances. Nevertheless, we observed that accuracy depends in part on the number of microorganisms’ taxa influencing the trait of interest. While we conclude that overall genome-microbiome-links can be characterized via variance components, we are less optimistic about the possibility of identifying the causative effects, i.e., individual SNPs affecting abundances; power at this level would require much larger sample sizes than the ones typically available for genome-microbiome-phenome data.Author summaryThe microbiome consists of the microorganisms that live in a particular environment, including those in our organism. There is consistent evidence that these communities play an important role in numerous traits of relevance, including disease susceptibility or feed efficiency. Moreover, it has been shown that the microbiome can be relatively stable throughout an individual’s life and that is affected by the host genome. These reasons have prompted numerous studies to determine whether and how the microbiome can be used for prediction of complex phenotypes, either using microbiome alone or in combination with host’s genome data. However, numerous questions remain to be answered such as the reliability of parameter estimates, or which is the underlying relationship between microbiome, genome, and phenotype. The few available empirical studies do not provide a clear answer to these problems. Here we address these issues by developing a novel simulation strategy and we show that, although the microbiome can significantly help in prediction, it will be difficult to retrieve the actual biological basis of interactions between the microbiome and the trait.

scholarly journals Genetic aspects of growth and maturing rate in trypanotolerant beef cattle: N'Dama

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
O. O Mgbere ◽  
O. Olutogun
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Animal Management

Genetic parameters for Absolute Growth Rate (AGR), Relative Growth Rate (RGR) and Absolute Maturing Rate (AMR) at various age interval from birth to maturity in N 'Dama beef cattle raised in the humid Tropics of Nigeria were estimated. Performance data used were accumulated between 1948 and 1964 at Fasola cattle ranch in Oyo, Nigeria and the number of records analysed ranged from 44 to 678. prewering (B - W) growth and maturing rates in N’Dama calves were 0.377 ± 0.009 kg/day (AGR), 0.643 ± 0.006 %/day (RGR) and 0.120 ± 0.003% A/day (AMR) and fluctuated subsequently, following the animals' state of development and certain physiological stress conditions.  At post weaning (W-12), these rates decreased to 0.249 ± 0.049 kg/day, 0.204 ± 0.029 %/day and 0.075 ± 0.014 % A/day for AGR, RGR and AMR respectively. Estimates of heritability at the various age intervals were considered low in these growth traits with values obtained ranging from 0.03 to 0.24 for AGR, 0.03 to 0.21 for RGR and 0.02 to 0.42 for AMR, with high standard errors. The low estimates though, consistent with literature reports were attributed to the poor standard of animal management and production environment at Fasola. It was evident from this study that selection of N'Dama calves based on post weaning (W-12) growth or maturing rates would yield substantial genetic progress. However, improved animal management and production environment on the ranch would not only improve precision of the genetic parameter estimates but would also enhance N 'Dama growth performance generally.

Natural variation and genetic parameters in Fraser fir for growth and Christmas tree traits

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1480-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Arnold ◽  
J.B. Jett ◽  
S.E. McKeand
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Height Class

Open-pollinated progeny trials of Fraser fir (Abiesfraseri (Pursh) Poir.) assessed at 8 years provided genetic parameter estimates for growth, Christmas tree quality traits, and wholesale value at harvest age. Significant variation was found between and within nine different seed sources. Estimated individual tree heritabilities of important traits ranged from a low of 0.13 for USDA Christmas tree grade to a moderate value of 0.33 for crown diameter. Heritabilities within the better performing seed sources tended to be higher. Of the two traits that determine wholesale value, USDA grade and height class, the latter proved to have the greater influence, both phenotypically and genetically. Genetic correlations of early age height growth with 8-year total height, height class, USDA Christmas tree grade, and individual tree wholesale value proved favorable and strong (range of 0.57–0.96). In combination with moderate heritabilities for early growth traits, such correlations provide potential for effective early age selections in Fraser fir Christmas trees.

scholarly journals Identification of Putative Molecular Markers Associated with Nut Weight and Kernel Weight and Four Growth Traits in Cashew

2020 ◽  
pp. 262-274
Author(s):  
E. Eradasappa ◽  
G. S. Mohana ◽  
J. D. Adiga ◽  
Siddanna Savadi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Single Marker Analysis ◽  
Marker Analysis ◽  
Single Marker

Aim: To identify putative molecular markers linked to some useful traits in cashew using SSR markers in the F1 population. Place and Duration of the Study: Study conducted at ICAR-Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur, Karnataka, India during 2013-17. Methodology: Population for the study comprised of 83 F1 plants developed through crossing tall variety Ullal-3 as female parent with dwarf accession NRC-492 as male parent which was planted in the field at 6m x 6m spacing during the year 2009. It was phenotyped along with parents during the year 2017 for the 13 growth and yield related traits and genotyped using 32 polymorphic SSR markers from cashew, almond, pistachio and mango. Single marker analysis was deployed to identify the markers linked to traits by SPSS software. Results: results revealed three markers such as AL 29, IM 31 and IM 28 to be significantly associated with some traits. Marker AL 29 from Almond species was linked to traits stem girth, nut weight and kernel weight with an explained phenotypic variance of 7.9%, 5.6% and 5.4%, respectively. Marker IM 31 from mango species was associated with stem girth, kernel weight, tree height, mean tree spread, nut weight and presented phenotypic variance of 17.6%, 5.7%, 8.2%, 4.5, 4.2% in that order. While the marker IM 28 from mango species showed linked with stem girth and intermodal length with phenotypic variance of 7.6%, 7.5%, 10.4% correspondingly. Conclusion: The present study has identified three markers AL 29  (from Almond) , IM 28 and IM  31 (from Mango) linked to six traits viz., stem girth, tree height, mean tree spread, intermodal length, nut weight and kernel weight with the limited polymorphic markers using Single Marker Analysis. However, further studies are aimed to validate the linked markers prior to using them in marker assisted selection in cashew.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document