scholarly journals Petrology of plagiogranite from Sjenica, Dinaridic Ophiolite Belt (southwestern Serbia)

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Milovanović ◽  
Danica Srećković-Batoćanin ◽  
Marija Savić ◽  
Dana Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Alteration ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Mafic Magma ◽  
Granitic Rocks ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Secondary Minerals ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Mantle Origin ◽  
Ophiolite Belt

Petrology of plagiogranite from Sjenica, Dinaridic Ophiolite Belt (southwestern Serbia)The Sjenica plagiogranite occurs in the southern part of the Dinaridic Ophiolite Belt, 5 km northwest of Sjenica. The main minerals are albite with strongly altered biotite (replaced with chlorite), with occasional amphibole (magnesio hornblende to tschermakite) and quartz. An enclave of fine-grained granitic rocks with garnet grains was noted too. Secondary minerals are calcite and chlorite (daphnite). Major, trace and REE geochemistry coupled with field observations support a model by which the Sjenica plagiogranite could be formed by fractional crystallization of mantle origin mafic magma in a supra-subduction zone setting. Occurrences of calcite and chlorite nests in the Sjenica plagiogranites revealed that these rocks underwent hydrothermal alteration due to intensive sea water circulation in a sub-sea-floor environment.

Pumpellyite from the oceanic crust, DSDP/ODP Hole 504B

1999 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ishizuka
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Oceanic Crust ◽  
Hydrothermal Alteration ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Plagioclase Phenocryst ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Oceanic Ridge ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Compositional Variations

AbstractPumpellyite has been found in doleritic basalt of a sheeted dyke complex drilled from 2072.1 m below sea floor in DSDP/ODP Hole 504B, south of the Costa Rica Rift, eastern Pacific. It occurs as fine-grained crystal aggregates accompanied by albite, chlorite and chalcopyrite, which partially replace a plagioclase phenocryst (An85–88) that is also associated with primary magnetite. Chemical compositions of the pumpellyite vary antithetically in relation to Fe* and Al as well as Fe* and Mg, indicating the dominant substitution of Fe3+ by Al with the minor substitution of Fe2+ by Mg. Such compositional variations overlap with those of prehnite-pumpellyite facies rocks dredged from other oceanic ridges and intra-oceanic arcs, and those of similar facies rocks from ophiolites, but are aluminous compared with those of zeolite facies metabasites in ophiolites. These observations suggest that the breakdown of the plagioclase phenocryst and magnetite in the presence of a Cu- and S-bearing fluid phase led to the formation of pumpellyite + albite + chlorite + chalcopyrite during oceanic ridge hydrothermal alteration.

scholarly journals The Upper Cretaceous intrusive rocks with extensive crustal contribution in Hacımahmutuşağı Area (Aksaray/Turkey)

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-276
Author(s):  
Serhat Köksal
Keyword(s):  
Mafic Magma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Granitic Rocks ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Magma Source ◽  
Accessory Zircon ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Intrusive Rocks ◽  
Crustal Contribution ◽  
Opaque Minerals

Abstract The Hacımahmutuşağı area (Aksaray/Turkey) is located in the western part of the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex (CACC). Gneiss and marble compose the basement units, while intrusive rocks are gabbros and granitoids. The pegmatitic hornblende gabbros contain pegmatitic to fine-grained hornblendes, plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and accessory opaque minerals. The fine-grained gabbros, on the other hand, are composed of plagioclase, hornblende, and biotite as major components whereas the apatite and opaque minerals are present in accessory content. Granitic– granodioritic rocks are the common intrusive rock types in the area, and constitute quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase and biotite, and accessory zircon and opaque minerals. Leucogranites, comprising quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase with minor biotite, hornblende, and with accessory apatite and opaque minerals, are found as dykes intruding the marble and the granitic–granodioritic rocks. Strontium–neodymium isotope data of gabbros and granitoids have high 87Sr/86Sr(i) ratios (0.7076 to 0.7117) and low ɛNd(i) values (−5.0 to −9.8) point out enriched source and pronounced crustal contribution in their genesis. In the Hacımahmutuşağı area, it is plausible that the heat increase caused by the hot zone, which was generated by underplating mafic magma along with the hydrous mafic sills in the lower crust, might have resulted in partial melts from crystallized mafic sills and older crustal rocks. It can be suggested that these hybrid melts adiabatically rose to the shallow crust, ponded and crystallized there and formed the magma source of the intrusive rocks within the Hacımahmutuşağı area and the other hybrid granitic rocks with crustal signatures in the CACC. Geochemical data indicate that granitoids and gabbros are collision to post-collision related sub-alkaline rocks derived from an enriched source with extensive crustal inputs.

scholarly journals Sea-floor and sea-ice conditions in the western Weddell Sea, Antarctica, around the wreck of Sir Ernest Shackleton's Endurance

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian A. Dowdeswell ◽  
Christine L. Batchelor ◽  
Boris Dorschel ◽  
Toby J. Benham ◽  
Frazer D.W. Christie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Mass Wasting ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Sedimentary System

AbstractMarine-geophysical evidence on sea-floor morphology and shallow acoustic stratigraphy are used to examine the substrate around the location at which Sir Ernest Shackleton's ship Endurance sank in 1915 and on the continental slope-shelf sedimentary system above this site in the western Weddell Sea. Few signs of turbidity-current and mass-wasting activity are found near or upslope of the wreck site, and any such activity was probably linked to full-glacial higher-energy conditions when ice last advanced across the continental shelf. The wreck is well below the maximum depth of iceberg keels and will not have been damaged by ice-keel ploughing. The wreck has probably been draped by only a few centimetres of fine-grained sediment since it sank in 1915. Severe modern sea-ice conditions hamper access to the wreck site. Accessing and investigating the wreck of Endurance in the Weddell Sea therefore represents a significant challenge. An ice-breaking research vessel is required, and even this would not guarantee that the site could be reached. Heavy sea-ice cover at the wreck site, similar to that encountered by Agulhus II during the Weddell Sea Expedition 2019, would also make the launch and recovery of autonomous underwater vehicles and remotely operated vehicles deployed to investigate the Endurance wreck problematic.

scholarly journals The Formation and Composition of the Gas Content of Sea Ice

1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (86) ◽  
pp. 67-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Tsurikov
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
Initial Freezing ◽  
Air Pockets

Abstract The different factors contributing to the formation of the gas porosity of sea ice are: (Ia) gases captured during the formation of the initial ice cover, (Ib) gases released from solution during the initial freezing of sea-water, (Ic) the inclusion of gases rising from the sea bottom, (2a) the substitution of gas for brine drained from the ice during times of melting, (2b) the release of gas from the brine within the ice during the course of partial freezing, and (2c) the formation of voids filled with water vapour during the course of internal melting. An analysis is made of each of these processes and it is concluded that processes Ib, 2a, and 2C are important. Process Ic may also be a major effect but it is difficult to evaluate until the rate of gas release from the sea floor is better known. The migration of air pockets into the ice from the overlying snow is shown to be a possible but not a significant effect. Available data on the composition of gas in sea ice are reviewed and it is shown to be significantly different from air. Possible causes for these differences are discussed. The porosity of sea ice, i.e. the total relative volume of its gas plus its brine inclusions, is one of the factors strongly affecting its strength, as has been shown by Tsurikov (1947) and by Weeks and Assur (1968). In seas with high salinities the effect of the presence of brine within the ice will usually be the dominant factor. However on water bodies with low salinities the effect of the gas included within the ice may be greater than the effect of the brine. Despite its significance there have not been any attempts at a quantitative analysis of the entrapment of gas in sea ice. This paper is an attempt at such a study.

scholarly journals Mineral Inventory of the Algares 30-Level Adit, Aljustrel Mine, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 853
Author(s):  
Teresa P. Silva ◽  
João X. Matos ◽  
Daniel De Oliveira ◽  
João P. Veiga ◽  
Igor Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Alteration ◽  
Iberian Pyrite Belt ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Massive Sulphide ◽  
Principal Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Minerals ◽  
Crystalline Aggregates

Mining activity in Algares (Aljustrel Mine, Portuguese sector of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, IPB) stems prior to Roman times. As the orebody is vertical and relatively thin, mining was carried out mainly along underground adits (galleries). Nowadays, the deposit is considered exhausted and the area is being rehabilitated for a different use. The Algares +30 level adit intersects two volcanic units of the IPB Volcano-Sedimentary Complex. The massive sulphide and related stockwork zone are hosted by the Mine Tuff volcanic unit and are exposed in the walls of the gallery, showing intense hydrothermal alteration. Along the mine adit, the geological sequence is affected by strong oxidation and supergene alteration, giving rise to the formation of secondary minerals through the oxidation of the sulphides. The most common minerals found were melanterite (FeSO4·7H2O) and chalcanthite (CuSO4·5H2O), forming essentially massive or crystalline aggregates, ranging from greenish to bluish colours. Melanterite from the walls revealed to be Cu-rich by opposition to that from stalactites/stalagmites formed below the old ore storage silo revealing the low-copper-grade ores exploited underground. The mineralogy of the efflorescent salts was used to ascertain the processes involved in their formation, and moreover, the inventory of minerals is presented, as well as their principal characteristics.

HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION OF MAGMATIC TITANITE: EVIDENCE FROM PROTEROZOIC GRANITIC ROCKS, SOUTHEASTERN SWEDEN

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Morad ◽  
M. A.K. El-Ghali ◽  
M. A. Caja ◽  
K. Al-Ramadan ◽  
H. Mansurbeg
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Alteration ◽  
Granitic Rocks

Auriferous chert, banded iron formation, and related volcanogenic hydrothermal alteration, Atik Lake, Manitoba

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2676-2690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis R. Bernier ◽  
Wallace H. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Alteration ◽  
Earth Element ◽  
Massive Sulfide ◽  
Iron Formation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Banded Iron Formation ◽  
Sulfide Deposits ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Facies Metamorphism ◽  
Altered Basalt

Small-scale alteration pipes and stratiform alteration in Archean glomeroporphyritic tholeiitic basalts at Atik Lake, Manitoba, stratigraphically underlie silicate-oxide banded iron formation (BIF) and auriferous sulfide-bearing chert. The auriferous chert is locally interbedded with graphitic argillite, indicating euxinic conditions during deposition. Cordierite–gedrite rocks formed by recrystallization of alteration assemblages during the lower amphibolite-facies metamorphism (T = 550 °C, P = 2.5 kbar). Al2O3, TiO2, Zr, and Nb, which were relatively immobile during alteration, have been used to monitor igneous differentiation and alteration. Volcanogenic hydrothermal alteration resulted in depletion of Ca, Si, Mg, Na, and Sr in the altered basalt and the addition of K, Fe, Rb, and Ba. This was accompanied by mass and volume losses of up to 25%. The mineralizing fluid was reducing and somewhat acidic. Rare-earth-element (REE) profiles of BIF and graphitic argillite, normalized to Archean shale, are less steep ((La/Lu)N = 0.51 and 0.49 respectively), than those of both mineralized chert ((La/Lu)N = 0.04) and recent sea-floor, siliceous, gold-enriched massive sulfides ((La/Lu)N = 0.11). REE profiles and Boström's plot suggest that the auriferous, sulfide-bearing chert formed by mixing of hydrothermal and detrital components. The overall chemical changes in the Atik Lake alteration system are comparable to those in Noranda-type massive-sulfide deposits. The trace-metal association in the auriferous chert is similar to that at some modern sea-floor hydrothermal sites.

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